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Control and Grid Synchronization Dist Power Gen

This document summarizes control and grid synchronization methods for distributed power generation systems (DPGSs) based on renewable energy sources like solar and wind. It discusses DPGS topologies and control structures, including input-side maximum power point tracking and grid-side control of active and reactive power. During grid faults, various control strategies like positive-sequence control can maintain power quality. Grid synchronization is crucial and techniques like phase-locked loops (PLLs) are commonly used due to their robustness against harmonics and disturbances.

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Utkarsh Mittal
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43 views

Control and Grid Synchronization Dist Power Gen

This document summarizes control and grid synchronization methods for distributed power generation systems (DPGSs) based on renewable energy sources like solar and wind. It discusses DPGS topologies and control structures, including input-side maximum power point tracking and grid-side control of active and reactive power. During grid faults, various control strategies like positive-sequence control can maintain power quality. Grid synchronization is crucial and techniques like phase-locked loops (PLLs) are commonly used due to their robustness against harmonics and disturbances.

Uploaded by

Utkarsh Mittal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems

F. Blaabjerg, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and A. V. Timbus: Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 53, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2006

Z.Leonowicz, PhD

Renewable energy sources


hydropower and wind energy photovoltaic (PV) technology

low efficiency poor controllability of the distributed power generation systems (DPGSs) based on wind and sun

Overview
1. Main DPGS structures, 2. PV and fuel cell (FC) system 3. Classification of wind turbine (WT) systems with regard to the use of power electronics 4. Control structures for grid-side converter 5. Characteristics of control strategies under grid fault conditions 6. Grid synchronization methods

Causes

DPGS Control
Input-side controller -extract the maximum power from the input source Grid-side controller 1. control of active power generated to the grid 2. control of reactive power transfer between the DPGS and the grid 3. control of dc-link voltage 4. ensure high quality of the injected power 5. grid synchronization

Topologies of DGPS
Photovoltaics and Fuel Cells similar topology Wind Turbines topology dependent on generator

Wind turbines
WT Systems without Power Electronics

Wind turbines
WT Systems with Power Electronics
Increased complexity Higher cost Better control of power input and grid interaction

Partial Solution

WT with full-scale power converter

Control Structures for Grid-Connected DGPS


Two cascaded loops
Fast internal current loop, regulates the grid current an external voltage loop, controls the dc-link voltage

Reference Frames
reference frame transformation module, e.g., abc dq

PI -controller

dq -Control
proportionalintegral (PI) controllers controlled current - in phase with the grid voltage

ab-Control (Clarke transformation)


stationary reference frame

PR proportional resonant controller

ab-Control example
very high gain around the resonance frequency

Natural Frame Control (abc control)


PI Controller PR Controller

Power Quality control


Harmonics Compensation Using PI Controllers

Harmonics Compensation using PR Controllers


Harmonic compensation by cascading several generalized integrators tuned to resonate at the desired frequency

Nonlinear controllers

Control under Grid Faults


Instability of the power system Stringent exigencies for interconnecting the DPGS 1) Symmetrical fault (no phase shifting) - rare 2) Unsymmetrical fault

Control Strategies under Faults


Unity Power Factor Control Strategy

the negative sequence component gives rise to oscillations (2nd harmonic)

Positive-Sequence Control Strategy


follow the positive sequence of the grid voltages PLL necessary (Synchronous reference frame PLL) dc-link capacitor should be rated to overcome the second-harmonic ripple grid currents remain sinusoidal and balanced during the fault

Constant Active Power Control Strategy


injecting an amount of negative sequence in the current reference, the compensation for the double harmonic can be obtained

Constant Reactive Power Control Strategy


Reactive power to cancel the doublefrequency oscillations Current vector orthogonal to the grid voltage vector can be found

Grid Synchronization Methods


Zero-Crossing Method simplest implementation Poor performance (harmonics or impulse disturbances Filtering of the grid voltages in different reference frames: dq or difficulty to extract the phase angle (grid variations or faults)

PLL Technique
state-of-the-art method to extract the phase angle of the grid voltages

Better rejection of grid harmonics and any other kind of disturbances Problem to overcome grid unbalance

Conclusions
Hardware = Full-scale converter DGPS control = PR controllers Faults = strategies Synchronization = PLL

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