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1 - Introduction To Structural Steel Design-Chapter 1

Structural steel has several advantages for construction including high strength, uniformity, elasticity, permanence, ductility, and toughness. It allows for additions to existing structures and can be prefabricated and erected quickly. However, steel also has disadvantages like maintenance costs, fireproofing costs, susceptibility to buckling, fatigue, and brittle failure in some conditions. Residual stresses can also occur from uneven cooling, bending, or welding.

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Abera Deressa
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479 views

1 - Introduction To Structural Steel Design-Chapter 1

Structural steel has several advantages for construction including high strength, uniformity, elasticity, permanence, ductility, and toughness. It allows for additions to existing structures and can be prefabricated and erected quickly. However, steel also has disadvantages like maintenance costs, fireproofing costs, susceptibility to buckling, fatigue, and brittle failure in some conditions. Residual stresses can also occur from uneven cooling, bending, or welding.

Uploaded by

Abera Deressa
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Structural Steel Design

- Advantages of Steel as a Structural Material: 1- High Strength


High strength of steel per unit weight means that the weight of structure will be small, which has a great importance for large structures, as bridges and tall buildings. A36 : Fy = 36 ksi = 250 MPa , Fu = 400 MPa A50 : Fy = 50 ksi = 350 MPa , Fu = 450 MPa

2- Uniformity
Uniform and consistent properties with time

3- Elasticity
Steel behaves closer to design assumption (elastic, follows Hooke's law) up to high stresses

4- Permanence
With proper maintain ace steel structures can last indefinitely

5- Ductility
Steel can withstand extensive deformation without failure under high tensile stresses. Ductility gives more warning before failure.

6- Toughness
Steel members can still withstand large forces even it has large deformations. The ability of material to absorb energy in large amounts is called toughness.

7- Additions to Existing Structures


Existing steel structures can be easily expanded both in width and height

8- Miscellaneous
- Ability to fasten members together - Ability to prefabrication - Speed of erection - Ability to be rolled into a wide Varity of sizes and shapes - Ability to form built up section from standard sections - Possible reuse and recycle after disassembling - Can be used with concrete to form composite sections

- Disadvantages of Steel as a Structural Material:

1- Maintenance Costs
Most steels are susceptible to corrosion when freely exposed to air and water, therefore it should be painted periodically, otherwise weathering steel should be used.

2- Fireproofing Costs
Steel strength is tremendously reduced at temperature commonly reached in fires; therefore steel members should be painted by fire proofing materials.

3- Susceptibility to Buckling
As the member length increases, its danger of buckling increases, therefore, steel sections need to be increased and stiffened to avoid buckling.

4- Fatigue
Steel strength is reduced when subjected to a large number of stress reversals or even a large number of variations of tensile stress.

5- Brittle Failure
Steel may lose its ductility in certain conditions, and brittle failure may occur at places of stress concentrations

6- Residual Stresses
Residual stresses occur due to; 1- Uneven cooling of room temperature of hot rolled sections 2- Cold bending of cold formed sections 3- Welding of two or more plates together

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