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printf

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

printfMuestra una string formateada

Descripción

printf(string $format, mixed ...$values): int

Muestra una string formateada.

Parámetros

format

The format string is composed of zero or more directives: ordinary characters (excluding %) that are copied directly to the result and conversion specifications, each of which results in fetching its own parameter.

A conversion specification follows this prototype: %[argnum$][flags][width][.precision]specifier.

Argnum

An integer followed by a dollar sign $, to specify which number argument to treat in the conversion.

Flags

Flag Descripción
- Left-justify within the given field width; Right justification is the default
+ Prefix positive numbers with a plus sign +; Default only negative are prefixed with a negative sign.
(space) Pads the result with spaces. This is the default.
0 Only left-pads numbers with zeros. With s specifiers this can also right-pad with zeros.
'(char) Pads the result with the character (char).

Width

Either an integer that says how many characters (minimum) this conversion should result in, or *. If * is used, then the width is supplied as an additional integer value preceding the one formatted by the specifier.

Precision

A period . optionally followed by either an integer or *, whose meaning depends on the specifier:

  • For e, E, f and F specifiers: this is the number of digits to be printed after the decimal point (by default, this is 6).
  • For g, G, h and H specifiers: this is the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.
  • For s specifier: it acts as a cutoff point, setting a maximum character limit to the string.

Nota: If the period is specified without an explicit value for precision, 0 is assumed. If * is used, the precision is supplied as an additional integer value preceding the one formatted by the specifier.

Specifiers
Specifier Descripción
% A literal percent character. No argument is required.
b The argument is treated as an integer and presented as a binary number.
c The argument is treated as an integer and presented as the character with that ASCII.
d The argument is treated as an integer and presented as a (signed) decimal number.
e The argument is treated as scientific notation (e.g. 1.2e+2).
E Like the e specifier but uses uppercase letter (e.g. 1.2E+2).
f The argument is treated as a float and presented as a floating-point number (locale aware).
F The argument is treated as a float and presented as a floating-point number (non-locale aware).
g

General format.

Let P equal the precision if nonzero, 6 if the precision is omitted, or 1 if the precision is zero. Then, if a conversion with style E would have an exponent of X:

If P > X ≥ −4, the conversion is with style f and precision P − (X + 1). Otherwise, the conversion is with style e and precision P − 1.

G Like the g specifier but uses E and f.
h Like the g specifier but uses F. Available as of PHP 8.0.0.
H Like the g specifier but uses E and F. Available as of PHP 8.0.0.
o The argument is treated as an integer and presented as an octal number.
s The argument is treated and presented as a string.
u The argument is treated as an integer and presented as an unsigned decimal number.
x The argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number (with lowercase letters).
X The argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number (with uppercase letters).

Advertencia

The c type specifier ignores padding and width.

Advertencia

Attempting to use a combination of the string and width specifiers with character sets that require more than one byte per character may result in unexpected results.

Variables will be co-erced to a suitable type for the specifier:

Type Handling
Type Specifiers
string s
int d, u, c, o, x, X, b
float e, E, f, F, g, G, h, H

values

Valores devueltos

Devuelve la longitud de la string mostrada.

Errores/Excepciones

As of PHP 8.0.0, a ValueError is thrown if the number of arguments is zero. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, a E_WARNING was emitted instead.

As of PHP 8.0.0, a ValueError is thrown if [width] is less than zero or bigger than PHP_INT_MAX. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, a E_WARNING was emitted instead.

As of PHP 8.0.0, a ValueError is thrown if [precision] is less than zero or bigger than PHP_INT_MAX. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, a E_WARNING was emitted instead.

As of PHP 8.0.0, a ArgumentCountError is thrown when less arguments are given than required. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, false was returned and a E_WARNING emitted instead.

Historial de cambios

Versión Descripción
8.0.0 This function no longer returns false on failure.
8.0.0 Throw a ValueError if the number of arguments is zero; previously this function emitted a E_WARNING instead.
8.0.0 Throw a ValueError if [width] is less than zero or bigger than PHP_INT_MAX; previously this function emitted a E_WARNING instead.
8.0.0 Throw a ValueError if [precision] is less than zero or bigger than PHP_INT_MAX; previously this function emitted a E_WARNING instead.
8.0.0 Throw a ArgumentCountError when less arguments are given than required; previously this function emitted a E_WARNING instead.

Ejemplos

Ejemplo #1 printf(): varios ejemplos

<?php
$n
= 43951789;
$u = -43951789;
$c = 65; // ASCII 65 es 'A'

// note el doble %%, esto muestra un carácter '%' literal
printf("%%b = '%b'\n", $n); // representación binaria
printf("%%c = '%c'\n", $c); // muestra el carácter ascii, como la función chr()
printf("%%d = '%d'\n", $n); // representación estándar de un integer
printf("%%e = '%e'\n", $n); // notación científica
printf("%%u = '%u'\n", $n); // representación de integer sin signo de un integer positivo
printf("%%u = '%u'\n", $u); // representación de integer sin signo de un integer negativo
printf("%%f = '%f'\n", $n); // representación en coma flotante
printf("%%o = '%o'\n", $n); // representación octal
printf("%%s = '%s'\n", $n); // representación string
printf("%%x = '%x'\n", $n); // representación hexadecimal (minúscula)
printf("%%X = '%X'\n", $n); // representación hexadecimal (mayúscula)

printf("%%+d = '%+d'\n", $n); // indicación del signo para un integer positivo
printf("%%+d = '%+d'\n", $u); // indicación del signo para un integer negativo
?>

El resultado del ejemplo sería:

%b = '10100111101010011010101101'
%c = 'A'
%d = '43951789'
%e = '4.39518e+7'
%u = '43951789'
%u = '4251015507'
%f = '43951789.000000'
%o = '247523255'
%s = '43951789'
%x = '29ea6ad'
%X = '29EA6AD'
%+d = '+43951789'
%+d = '-43951789'

Ejemplo #2 printf(): especificadores de strings

<?php
$s
= 'monkey';
$t = 'many monkeys';

printf("[%s]\n", $s); // muestra de una string estándar
printf("[%10s]\n", $s); // alineación a la derecha con espacios
printf("[%-10s]\n", $s); // alineación a la izquierda con espacios
printf("[%010s]\n", $s); // el espaciado nulo funciona también en strings
printf("[%'#10s]\n", $s); // uso del carácter personalizado de separación '#'
printf("[%'#*s]\n", 10, $s); // Proporcionar el ancho de alineación como argumento adicional
printf("[%10.9s]\n", $t); // alineación a la derecha pero con corte a 8 caracteres
printf("[%-10.9s]\n", $t); // alineación a la izquierda pero con corte a 8 caracteres
?>

El resultado del ejemplo sería:

[monkey]
[    monkey]
[monkey    ]
[0000monkey]
[####monkey]
[####monkey]
[ many monk]
[many monk ]

Ver también

  • print - Muestra un string
  • sprintf() - Devuelve una string formateada
  • fprintf() - Escribe una cadena formateada en un flujo
  • vprintf() - Muestra una string formateada
  • vsprintf() - Devuelve una string formateada
  • vfprintf() - Escribe una cadena formateada en un flujo
  • sscanf() - Analiza una cadena utilizando un formato
  • fscanf() - Analiza un archivo según un formato
  • number_format() - Formatea un número para su visualización
  • date() - Da formato a una marca de tiempo de Unix (Unix timestamp)
  • flush() - Vacía los búferes de salida del sistema

add a note

User Contributed Notes 4 notes

up
19
dhosek at excite dot com
25 years ago
Be careful:
printf ("(9.95 * 100) = %d \n", (9.95 * 100));

'994'

First %d converts a float to an int by truncation.

Second floats are notorious for tiny little rounding errors.
up
9
php at mole dot gnubb dot net
20 years ago
[Editor's Note: Or just use vprintf...]

If you want to do something like <?php printf('There is a difference between %s and %s', array('good', 'evil')); ?> (this doesn't work) instead of <?php printf('There is a difference between %s and %s', 'good', 'evil'); ?> you can use this function:

<?php
function printf_array($format, $arr)
{
return
call_user_func_array('printf', array_merge((array)$format, $arr));
}
?>

Use it the following way:
<?php
$goodevil
= array('good', 'evil');
printf_array('There is a difference between %s and %s', $goodevil);
?>
and it will print:
There is a difference between good and evil
up
2
deekayen at hotmail dot com
23 years ago
You can use this function to format the decimal places in a number:

$num = 2.12;
printf("%.1f",$num);

prints:

2.1

see also: number_format()
up
-1
simon dot patrick at cantab dot net
10 months ago
A few things to note about printf:
1. The definition of specifier g (or G) is often wrongly stated as being "use e or f (or E or f), whichever results in the shorter string". The correct rule is given in the documentation and it does not always give this result.
2. For g/G/h/H, trailing zeros after the decimal point are removed (but not a zero just after the decimal point, in the e/E style).
3. g/G are locale-aware whether the e/E or f style is produced.
4. For b/o/x/X/u (that is, all integer styles except d) the result shown for negative values is the twos complement form of the number, 2**32 + v, where v is the (negative) value.
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