api4kp-ops
type: Ontology
label: Ontology of API4KP Operations
abstract: This ontology focuses on the definition of operations used by API4KP, including but not limited to access and transformation services.
contributor: Elisa Kendall (ekendall at thematix.com)
creator: Davide Sottara (sottara.davide at mayo.edu)
license: http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
imports: api4kp-krr
imports: api4kp-lang
imports: api4kp-rel
imports: api4kp-series
imports: api4kp
imports: AnnotationVocabulary
imports: Identifiers
imports: DOL-terms
imports: LanguageRepresentation
version IRI: api4kp-ops
change note: The https://www.omg.org/spec/API4KP/20210201/api4kp-ops.rdf version of this ontology was modified to leverage the Commons Ontology Library (API4KP-22), including replacement of references to Specification Metadata and references to LCC with the Commons Annotation Vocabulary and other Commons ontologies, and to reduce the dependency on DOL as appropriate.
copyright: Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Athan Services
copyright: Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft
copyright: Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Freie Universität Berlin
copyright: Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER)
copyright: Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Raytheon Technologies
copyright: Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Thematix Partners LLC
copyright: Copyright (c) 2015-2023 Object Management Group, Inc.
copyright: Copyright (c) 2019-2023 Universität Leipzig
copyright: Copyright (c) 2020-2023 Micro Focus

AbridgmentTask
type: Class
sub class of: ParaphraseTask
label: abdrigment task
definition: act of paraphrasing that eliminates elements of an expression that are not essential to reconstruct its meaning

CarvingTask
type: Class
sub class of: SelectionTask
label: carving task
definition: selection task involoving inclusion of fragments that evoke certain concepts

CherryPickingTask
type: Class
sub class of: SelectionTask
label: cherry-picking task
definition: selection task whereby the concepts to be included are enumerated explicitly

ClassificationTask
type: Class
sub class of: LogicBasedReasoningTask
label: classification task
note: reasoning task such that, given an individual and a set of concepts (classes), determines which concepts (classes) that individual is an instance (member) of

ClearRepositoryLocationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeArtifactRepositoryTask
label: clear repository location task
definition: repository task that ensures that no artifact is stored at a given location

ComplexityDetectionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAnalyticTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: hasSubtask
  some values from: ParsingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: ComputationalComplexityClass
label: complexity detection task
definition: analytic task that detects the computational complexity (space and/or time) of a given knowledge expression

ConfigurationParameter
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
label: configuration parameter
definition: role played by a value, selected from a 'region' of admissible values, that can remove a degree of freedom from the execution of a (knowledge processing) task, without changing the nature of the task

ConsistencyCheckTask
type: Class
sub class of: LogicBasedReasoningTask
label: consistency checking task
see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistency
definition: reasoning task that determines whether a knowledge base is inconsistent, i.e. it allows derivation of a logical contradication

DecodingTask
type: Class
sub class of: LiftingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: EncodedKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: ConcreteKnowledgeExpression
label: decoding task
definition: the act of recreating a concrete expression from its encoded version

DependencyResolutionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceDiscoveryTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
label: dependency resolution task
definition: knowledge resource discovery task that resolves dependency relationships between knowledge resources

DescriptionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeReasoningTask
label: description task
definition: reasoning task that produces some description for a given individual

DiffingTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAnalyticTask
label: diffing task
definition: analytic task that detects the differences between two knowledge expressions

EncodingTask
type: Class
sub class of: LoweringTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Encoding
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: ConcreteKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: EncodedKnowledgeExpression
label: encoding task
definition: lowering task that applies an encoding to a concrete expression
example: Converting characters into sequences of bits, according to an encoding method, so that they can be written to a RAM, ROM or magnetic disk.

EntailmentCheckTask
type: Class
sub class of: LogicBasedReasoningTask
label: entailment check test
definition: reasoning task that determines whether a given working knowledge base is entailed by a reference working knowledge base through logical consequence

Explanation
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
label: explanation
definition: role played by an expression, generated as part of the execution of a (knowledge processing) activity, that captures knowledge about the course of that activity and/or its inputs, outputs and substrate

ExpressionTask
type: Class
sub class of: LoweringTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: AbstractSyntax
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Lexicon
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: WorkOfKnowledge
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: AbstractKnowledgeExpression
label: expression task
definition: lowering task that creates an expression in a given language (sytnax and lexicon), from the information content of a work of knowledge

ExtensionTask
type: Class
sub class of: InjectionTask
label: extension task
definition: injection of a resource into a second resource, which plays the role of 'extension', providing a wrapping context

ExtractionTask
type: Class
sub class of: SeparationTask
label: extraction task
definition: separation based on a tree-oriented deconstruction, where the resources that are part of a subtree of the underlying structure are returned

FilteringTask
type: Class
sub class of: SimplificationTask
label: censoring task
definition: simplification aimed at removing one or more concepts, and their transitive associations, from the input work of knowledge
note: The expression of the resulting WoK will not contain any linguistic element that evokes the redacted concepts.

FusionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeReshapingTask
label: fusion task
definition: reshaping task that consists in combining two resources into a new, distinct resource
note: conceptually equivalent to structuring two or more resources by construction, then flattening the structure so obtained

HorizontalKnowledgeProcessingTask
type: Class
sub class of: SyntacticKnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: retains
  some values from: WorkOfKnowledge
label: horizontal knowledge processing task
definition: syntactic processing task that consumes and produces resources at the same level of abstraction, altering the primary characteristic that is defined at level of abstraction (abstract syntax/lexicon, concrete syntax, encoding)
note: While the input I and the product O are different entities, both will refer to the same entities at the higher levels of abstraction: i.e. lift(O) sameAs lift(I), where 'lift' is the execution of any lifting vertical task

InferenceTask
type: Class
sub class of: LogicBasedReasoningTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Substrate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeBase
label: inference task
see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_consequence
definition: reasoning task that materializes the logical consequence(s) entailed by a given knowledge base
scope note: The inferred knowledge may be returned independently, or added to (a new version of) the input knowledge base

InjectionTask
type: Class
sub class of: FusionTask
label: injection task
definition: fusion task involving an implicit tree-oriented structure

Input
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
label: input
definition: role played by a resource that is used in an activity of a given type, exists before that activity is started, and is made available to the agent executing that activity by a different party

InterpretationTask
type: Class
sub class of: LiftingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: AbstractSyntaxTree
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: WorkOfKnowledge
label: interpretation task
definition: act of extracting the information content expressed by a knowledge expression, by means of analyzing the AST of that expression
synonym: conceptualization task

KnowledgeAnalyticTask
type: Class
sub class of: SyntacticKnowledgeProcessingTask
label: knowledge analytic task
definition: task whose objective is the determination of a quality of a knowledge expression (e.g. used language, complexity, etc.)

KnowledgeArtifactRegistrationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAssetRepositoryTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Restriction
        on property: isCopyOf
        some values from: KnowledgeArtifact
label: knowledge artifact registration task
definition: knowledge asset repository task that involves the association of a knowledge artifact (and/or surrogate) with a knowledge asset, and potentially assigning some registration-specific identifier

KnowledgeArtifactRepositoryTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: VersionIdentifier
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeArtifact
label: knowledge artifact repository task
definition: knowledge processing task focused on the storage, indexing and retrieval of specific versions of knowledge artifacts inside a repository's storage locations
note: Locations are logical entities, identified by a (location) identifier, regardless of the specific repository implementation, providing abstraction on a persistence layer.

KnowledgeAssetRegistrationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAssetRepositoryTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Restriction
        on property: isCopyOf
        some values from: KnowledgeAssetSurrogate
label: knowledge asset registration task
definition: knowledge asset repository task that adds a knowledge asset to the repository, creating a Surrogate in the process

KnowledgeAssetRepositoryTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Substrate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeAsset
label: knowledge asset repository task
definition: knowledge processing task focused on the indexing, storage and retrieval of knowledge assets, manifested through their carriers and/or surrogates

KnowledgeBaseBuildingTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceAssemblyTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeBase
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Substrate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeBase
label: knowledge base building task
definition: incremental assembly task that operates on a knowledge base, to produce a new knowledge base that incorporates some additional knowledge resource

KnowledgeBaseCreationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceAssemblyTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeBase
label: knowledge base creation task
definition: assembly task that initializes a working knowledge base, possibly using a knowledge resource as initial content

KnowledgeCarrierRetrievalTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAssetRepositoryTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Identifier
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Restriction
        on property: isCopyOf
        some values from: KnowledgeArtifact
label: knowledge carrier retrieval task
definition: retrieves a knowledge artifact that is the carrier of (a given version of) a knowledge asset, possibly choosing between variant carriers using content negotiation

KnowledgeProcessingTask
type: Class
sub class of: DefinedConcept
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: archetypes
  some values from: KnowledgeProcessingActivity
label: knowledge processing task
definition: archetypical abstraction of a class of knowledge processing activities that are executed according to a common method, and involve resources of the same nature
editorial note: The notion of 'task', 'activity', and 'method' is informed by the DOLCE DnS ontology.
note: A knowledge processing task abstracts and defines the role that different types of knowledge resources play in a knowledge processing activity. Such a task includes a goal, i.e. a formal description of the expected situation that is the outcome of the execution of an activity of the type defined by the task. When the outcome matches the goal - i.e. the description of the outcome is subsumed by the goal - the activity is considered to be successful. Otherwise, it is considered to be failed.
note: Knowledge processing tasks are associated with constructive definitions that are (knowledge processing) methods which specify how to execute the task. Tasks executed according to a method that has some degrees of freedom, can be configured using parameters. Execution of a task may involve the generation of an 'explanation'.

KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
type: Class
sub class of: DefinedConcept
label: knowledge processing task role
definition: role that is played by a resource in the context of a knowledge processing activity
editorial note: Individual task-specific roles allow to define specific roles tailored to specific knowledge processing tasks, and those are the roles 'filled by' the individual resources involved in individual activities.

KnowledgeReasoningTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: isFilledBy
    some values from: KnowledgeBase
label: knowledge reasoning task
definition: processing task involving an agent with reasoning capabilities, that derives new information leveraging the formal semantics of a knowledge base

KnowledgeReshapingTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceStructuringTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Substrate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeFragment
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: retains
  some values from: Language
label: knowledge reshaping task
definition: structuring task that produces a knowledge expression, operating on knowledge fragments (and concepts thereof), preserving the language(s) of the input resources in the process

KnowledgeResourceAggregationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceConstructionTask
label: knowledge resource aggregation task
definition: task involving the construction of a set-oriented structure

KnowledgeResourceAssemblyTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceCompositionalTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: StructuringKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: CompositeKnowledgeResource
label: knowledge resource assembly task
note: compositional task that constructs a composite knowledge asset given a structure and the individual components

KnowledgeResourceCompositionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceConstructionTask
label: knowledge resource composition task
definition: construction task resulting in a tree-oriented structure

KnowledgeResourceCompositionalTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceStructuringTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: isFilledBy
    some values from: StructuringKnowledgeExpression
label: knowledge resource compositional task
definition: task that operates on a composite knowledge resource, whose internal organization is manifested by a structuring knowledge resource

KnowledgeResourceConstructionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceCompositionalTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: StructuringKnowledgeExpression
label: knowledge resource construction task
definition: compositional task that creates a structuring knowledge resource that has two or more knowledge resources as referenced components

KnowledgeResourceDecompositionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceDeconstructionTask
label: knowledge resource decomposition task
definition: deconstruction task that is limited to operating on tree-oriented structures

KnowledgeResourceDeconstructionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceCompositionalTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: StructuringKnowledgeExpression
label: knowledge resource deconstruction task
definition: compositional task that creates a structuring knowledge resource from a single deconstructable resource, i.e. a resources that contains fragments which could be promoted to knowledge expressions

KnowledgeResourceDescriptionExtractionTask
type: Class
sub class of: SemanticKnowledgeManagementTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: hasSubtask
  some values from: DescriptionTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResourceDescription
label: knowledge resource description extraction task
definition: reasoning task that infers a knowledge resource description from a knowledge expression
note: The produced description is manifested as a knowledge asset surrogate.

KnowledgeResourceDisaggregationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceDeconstructionTask
label: knowledge resource disaggregation task
definition: deconstruction task that is limited to set-oriented structures

KnowledgeResourceDisassemblyTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceCompositionalTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: CompositeKnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: StructuringKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
label: knowledge resource disassembly task
definition: compositional task that consists in breaking apart a composite knowledge resources, to obtain the components as a product

KnowledgeResourceDiscoveryTask
type: Class
sub class of: SemanticKnowledgeManagementTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: hasSubtask
  some values from: QueryAnswerTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
label: knowledge resource discovery task
definition: knowledge management task that, given a knowledge asset repository, determines the knowledge resources that match some search/query criteria applied to the resources metadata

KnowledgeResourceFlatteningTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceCompositionalTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: isFilledBy
    some values from: StructuringKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: CompositeKnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
label: knowledge resource flattening task
definition: compositional task that produces a single, flattened knowledge resource from a composite knowledge resource, respecting the composite's structure
note: The flattening may require some manipulation of the component resources before they can be merged.

KnowledgeResourceRearrangementTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceCompositionalTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: StructuringKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: StructuringKnowledgeExpression
label: knowledge resource rearrangement task
definition: compositional task that retains the identity and type of the components, but alters the mutual relationships
note: That is, the corresponding composites have the same atomic components, but the underlying set-tree organization is different.
note: The operation generates a new structure, that is a versioned revision of the input structure.

KnowledgeResourceStructuringTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Class
  complement of: Restriction
    on property: retains
    some values from: WorkOfKnowledge
label: knowledge resource structuring task
definition: task that produces a derivative knowledge resource that embodies a derivative work of knowledge
scope note: In API4KP a 'structure' denotes, in a narrow sense, two or more resources organized into composite resources. In DOL, 'structuring' is used in a broader sense, not only to cover the API4KP sense, but also the API4KP notion of '(complex) manipulation' - operations that are possibly, but not necessarily, used to prepare resources to become part of a structure. To remain aligned, in API4KP 'structuring' denotes manipulations other than 'horizontal' and 'vertical' manipulations which preserve the work of knowledge. Hence, 'structuring' tasks do not preserve the WoK. 'Structuring' is then further partitioned into 'Composition' - dealing with API4KP structures and composite resources - and 'Reshaping' - dealing with non-WoK preserving transrepresentations.

KnowledgeSurrogateRetrievalTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeCarrierRetrievalTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      all values from: Restriction
        on property: isCopyOf
        some values from: KnowledgeAssetSurrogate
label: knowledge surrogate retrieval task
definition: knowledge carrier retrieval task that returns a surrogate

LanguageInformationDetectionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAnalyticTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: hasSubtask
  some values from: ParsingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Profile
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Serialization
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Language
label: language information detection task
definition: analytic task that detects the language, profile and/or concrete syntax used in a knowledge expression

LiftingTask
type: Class
sub class of: VerticalKnowledgeProcessingTask
label: lifting task
definition: vertical knowledge processing task that produces a resource at a higher level of abstraction that its input

LogicBasedReasoningTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeReasoningTask
label: logic-based reasoning task
definition: knowledge reasoning task based on the semantics and pragmatics of some underlying logic, based on symbolic methods, suitable to be peformed by 'reasoners'

LogicDetectionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAnalyticTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Logic
label: logic detection task
definition: analytic task that detects the (simplest) logic that is expressive enough to formalize the given knowledge expression

LoweringTask
type: Class
sub class of: VerticalKnowledgeProcessingTask
label: lowering task
definition: vertical knowledge processing task that produces a resource at a lower level of abstraction that its input
note: With respect to a lowering, there is usually a 1:N relationship between the resource at the higher level and the resource(s) at the lower level.

ParaphraseTask
type: Class
sub class of: HorizontalKnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: retains
  some values from: Language
label: paraphrase task
definition: horizontal translation task that creates an alternative expression (concrete or abstract) that carries the same meaning, but uses different fragments (sentences and/or linguistic elements)
note: Meaning (work of knowledge), language and format are preserved through paraphrasing, but not the internal structure of an expression. Paraphrase is only admissible in languages that are redundant, i.e. allow alternative, different expressions of the same meaning.
scope note: Interesting 'paraphrases' are the ones that cast an expression, in a given language, within the boundaries of a profile of that language.

ParsingTask
type: Class
sub class of: LiftingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: ConcreteKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: AbstractKnowledgeExpression
label: parsing task
definition: act of creating an AST (of an abstract knowldge expression) from a concrete knowledge expression

PartitionTask
type: Class
sub class of: SeparationTask
label: partition task
definition: separation based on a set-oriented deconstruction

Product
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
label: product
definition: role played by a resource that is used in an activity, and comes into being as a consequence of the successful completion of the activity

ProofGenerationTask
type: Class
sub class of: LogicBasedReasoningTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Explanation
    intersection of: Product
label: proof generation task
definition: reasoning task that produces a proof, i.e. an explanation, of how a knowledge base is entailed by another knowledge base

QueryAnswerTask
type: Class
sub class of: LogicBasedReasoningTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Query
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
label: query answering task
definition: reasoning task that, given a knowledge base and a query, (question expressed by means of a proper knowledge expression that contains variables), returns an 'answer' in terms of bindings of those variables with respect to the contents of the knowledge base

ReadTask
type: Class
sub class of: LiftingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: SerializedKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: EncodedKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Substrate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeArtifact
label: read task
definition: task that extracts an encoded knowledge expression from a carrier
example: opening a file and reading the stream of Unicode-encoded characters
synonym: extraction task

RedactionTask
type: Class
sub class of: SimplificationTask
label: redaction task
definition: simplification that removes concepts by means of removing fragments that evoke them

ReductionTask
type: Class
sub class of: SimplificationTask
label: reduction task
definition: simplification that removes one or more classes of concepts
note: reductions can be performed in preparation of a translation or a profile projection, removing concepts that would not be expressible in the target language

RemovalTask
type: Class
sub class of: SeparationTask
label: removal task
definition: separation based on a tree-oriented deconstruction, where the resources that are part of a subtree of the underlying Structure are discarded

ReplicationTask
type: Class
sub class of: HorizontalKnowledgeProcessingTask
label: replication task
definition: horizontal translation task that creates a new, equal, copy of the input resource

RetrieveArtifactFromRepositoryLocationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeArtifactRepositoryTask
label: retrieve artifact from location task
definition: returns (a copy of) an artifact stored at a given location

SatisfiabilityCheckTask
type: Class
sub class of: LogicBasedReasoningTask
label: satisfiability check task
see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satisfiability
definition: reasoning task that determines whether a knowledge base with open variables is satisfiable or not, i.e. there is at least one binding of those variables that is not inconsistent

SelectionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeReshapingTask
label: selection task
definition: reshaping task that results in (the expression of) a work of knowledge that uses a subset of the concepts used by the original knowledge resource, where the subset is defined by inclusion
note: Selection is additive (to the target WoK), whereas simplification is subtractive (to the source WoK)

SemanticKnowledgeManagementTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAssetRepositoryTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: hasSubtask
  some values from: KnowledgeReasoningTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: isFilledBy
    some values from: KnowledgeResourceDescription
label: semantic knowledge management task
definition: knowledge asset repository task that is a reasoning task applied to the knowledge base constituted by the surrogates managed in the repository

SemanticTranslationTask
type: Class
sub class of: TranslationTask
sub class of: Class
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSubtask
    some values from: ExpressionTask
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: hasSubtask
    some values from: InterpretationTask
label: semantic translation task
definition: translation task that leverages the interpretation of the input expression

SeparationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeReshapingTask
label: separation task
definition: reshaping task that breaks a knowledge resource into components, which are returned as individual resources
note: Separation is conceptually equivalent to a deconstruction followed by a disassembly. Deconstructable knowledge resources are perfectly separable, i.e. the resulting resources carry, globally, the same information as the source one.

SerializationTask
type: Class
sub class of: LoweringTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Serialization
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: AbstractKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: ConcreteKnowledgeExpression
label: serialization task
definition: lowering task that serializes an abstract expression, using one of the concrete syntaxes supported by the langauge

SignatureDetectionTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAnalyticTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Lexicon
label: signature detection task
definition: analytic task that detects the non-logical symbols (a.k.a. "terms" - concretizations of linguistic elements that express domain concepts) used in an expression, identifying the lexicon they have been extracted from

SimplificationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeReshapingTask
label: simplification task
definition: reshaping task that results in (the expression of) a Work of Knowledge that uses a subset of the concepts used by the original Knowledge Resource, where the subset is defined by elimination

StoreArtifactAtRepositoryLocationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeArtifactRepositoryTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeArtifact
label: store artifact at location task
definition: task ensuring that an artifact is available at a given location

Substrate
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
label: substrate
definition: role played by a resource that is used in an activity of a given type, exists before the activity is started, and is available to the agent executing the activity before the activity is started

SubsumptionTask
type: Class
sub class of: LogicBasedReasoningTask
label: subsumption task
note: reasoning task that, given two concepts (classes), determines whether one is necessarily broader than (a subclass of) the other

SummarizationTask
type: Class
sub class of: SimplificationTask
label: summarization task
definition: simplification that removes concepts which are redundant, i.e. whose elimination produces a minimal loss of information

SyntacticAnalysisTask
type: Class
sub class of: LiftingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: ConcreteSyntaxTree
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: AbstractSyntaxTree
label: syntactic analysis task
definition: act of deriving an AST from a parse tree

SyntacticKnowledgeProcessingTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
label: syntactic knowledge processing task
definition: task that leverages the syntactic aspects of a knowledge expression, as determined by the grammar of the language(s) used in the expression, without impacting the knowledge content of the resource

SyntacticParsingTask
type: Class
sub class of: LiftingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: ConcreteKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: ConcreteSyntaxTree
label: syntactic parsing task
definition: act of creating a parse tree from a concrete knowledge expression. scanning and tokenization are considered sub-atomic parts of this task

TranscreationTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeResourceStructuringTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: KnowledgeResource
        intersection of: Restriction
label: transcreation task
definition: complex transformation that can alter the language and/or semantics of an input resource

TranscriptionTask
type: Class
sub class of: HorizontalKnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Serialization
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: retains
  some values from: Language
label: syntactic transcription task
definition: horizontal translation task that maps an expression in the concrete syntax of a given language to an expression in a different concrete syntax of the same language

TranslationTask
type: Class
sub class of: HorizontalKnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Language
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeExpression
label: syntactic translation task
definition: horizontal translation task that maps an expression in a given language to an expression of the same knowledge in a target language

UnionTask
type: Class
sub class of: FusionTask
label: union task
definition: fusion task in terms of a set-oriented implicit structure

VerticalKnowledgeProcessingTask
type: Class
sub class of: SyntacticKnowledgeProcessingTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeResource
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: retains
  some values from: WorkOfKnowledge
label: vertical knowledge processing task
definition: syntactic knowledge processing task that produces knowledge resources at higher or lower level of abstraction along the "artifact - asset" chain

WeavingTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeReshapingTask
label: weaving task
definition: reshaping such that fragments of one or more expressions are embedded in a target expression

WellFormednessCheckTask
type: Class
sub class of: KnowledgeAnalyticTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: Language
label: well-formedness check task
definition: analytic task that detects whether a knowledge expression is a valid sentence according to the syntax - abstract and/or concrete - of some language, or profile thereof

WriteTask
type: Class
sub class of: LoweringTask
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Input
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: EncodedKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Product
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: SerializedKnowledgeExpression
sub class of: Restriction
  on property: involvesRole
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Substrate
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: isFilledBy
      some values from: KnowledgeArtifact
label: write task
definition: lowering task that imprints an encoded expression on a carrier artifact
example: writing a stream of ASCII characters to a (text) file
synonym: engraving task

hasSubtask
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: hasProperPart
label: has subtask
domain: KnowledgeProcessingTask
range: KnowledgeProcessingTask
definition: relationship between a task T and a task S, such that an activity of kind T will have an activity of type S as a sub-activity, i.e. as a (temporal) proper process part

involvesRole
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: hasProperPart
label: involves role
domain: KnowledgeProcessingTask
range: KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
definition: has a definition, part of which is the given role
note: Tasks (activity definitions) involve roles, and roles are filled by entities that participate in the activities of the given type.

isCopyOf
type: ObjectProperty
label: is copy of
definition: distinct individual that, at creation time, replicates all the qualities/characteristics of

isFilledBy
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: archetypes
label: is filled by
domain: KnowledgeProcessingTaskRole
definition: abstracts the characteristics of, with respect to the participation in a knowledge processing activity of a given type

retains
type: ObjectProperty
label: retains
domain: KnowledgeProcessingTask
definition: does not impact an (invariant) characteristic shared by its inputs and outputs