Shruti Rao

Shruti Rao

Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
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About

Shruti Rao is a senior engineer in GE Vernova's Consulting Services.

She completed…

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Experience

  • GE Power Graphic

    GE Power

    Schenectady, New York

  • -

    Schenectady

  • -

    Tempe

  • -

    Lemont

  • -

    Tempe

  • -

    Mumbai Area, India

  • -

    Mumbai Area, India

  • -

    Mumbai Area, India

Education

  • Arizona State University Graphic

    Arizona State University

    -

    Activities and Societies: IEEE PES ASU Student Chapter: Co-Vice-Chair; IEEE: Student member; IEEE Power and Energy Society: Student member; Co-Vice-Chair of the IEEE PES ASU Student Chapter (March 2015-September 2016). Serving as a reviewer for IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Power Engineering Society Letters, International Journal of Electric Power and Energy Systems (IJEPES), IET - GTD, Electric Power Systems Research Journal (EPSR), International Journal of Thermal Sciences and Energies Journal.

    Doctoral thesis: Exploring various aspects of the‘ Holomorphically Embedded Method applied to the Power Flow Problem (HEPF)’ method.

    The HEPF is a non-iterative, method of solving the power flow problem that does not depend on the initial estimate of the solution and is guaranteed to converge to the operable solution if one exists. The work involves estimating the saddle node bifurcation point using the HEPF methods which do not require multiple PF problems to be solved, developing…

    Doctoral thesis: Exploring various aspects of the‘ Holomorphically Embedded Method applied to the Power Flow Problem (HEPF)’ method.

    The HEPF is a non-iterative, method of solving the power flow problem that does not depend on the initial estimate of the solution and is guaranteed to converge to the operable solution if one exists. The work involves estimating the saddle node bifurcation point using the HEPF methods which do not require multiple PF problems to be solved, developing network equivalents which are accurate even when the loads are scaled and exploring new ways to improve the convergence behavior of the HEPF. Two journal papers have been written based on this work from which one has been accepted for future publication.
    In addition I have worked on other projects as a part of the coursework and continue to work on the dynamic loading of transformers project which I undertook during my Masters.

  • -

    Activities and Societies: IEEE: Student member IEEE Power and Energy Society: Student member Phi Kappa Phi: Student member (2013 - 2014)

    My research project was on dynamic loading of substation distribution transformers for Salt River Project, a major utility in Arizona.It involves determining the maximum load that a transformer can sustain without reaching the maximum thermal limits of the insulation. My research for SRP primarily involved looking at the data provided and screening bad data with the help of data-screening algorithms and thus increase the number of reliable thermal models built using linear regression. Two…

    My research project was on dynamic loading of substation distribution transformers for Salt River Project, a major utility in Arizona.It involves determining the maximum load that a transformer can sustain without reaching the maximum thermal limits of the insulation. My research for SRP primarily involved looking at the data provided and screening bad data with the help of data-screening algorithms and thus increase the number of reliable thermal models built using linear regression. Two conference papers resulted from this work.
    I took eight courses specializing in the various aspects of power systems and have completed many projects as a part of the coursework.

  • -

    Activities and Societies: Media Manager for Enthusia 2010, Media Co-ordinator for Enthusia 2011

    Electrical Engineering

Volunteer Experience

  • Volunteer

    Snehankit Helpline

    - 7 months

    Social Services

    Snehankit is an NGO for the blind.Volunteered to record the academic books for blind students which the NGO supported, to facilitate their preparation for examinations.

  • Co-Vice-Chair

    IEEE PES ASU Student Chapter

    - 1 year 7 months

    Education

    Served as the co-vice-chair of the IEEE PES ASU Student Chapter. Duties involved:

    Appropriating funds for various technical workshops, technical talks and social events.
    Organizing the various events, attending meetings of the executive committee and meeting with the executive committees of the IEEE PES Phoenix section and the IEEE Phoenix Section regularly to discuss future events.
    Reporting the activities of the chapter to the IEEE.

    Link:…

    Served as the co-vice-chair of the IEEE PES ASU Student Chapter. Duties involved:

    Appropriating funds for various technical workshops, technical talks and social events.
    Organizing the various events, attending meetings of the executive committee and meeting with the executive committees of the IEEE PES Phoenix section and the IEEE Phoenix Section regularly to discuss future events.
    Reporting the activities of the chapter to the IEEE.

    Link: https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8437949

  • Peer Reviewer

    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, IEEE Power Engineering Letters

    - Present 9 years 9 months

    Science and Technology

  • Peer Reviewer

    Electric Power Systems Research journal and Energies journal

    - Present 9 years 7 months

    Science and Technology

  • Volunteer

    Arizona Science Lab

    - Present 9 years 2 months

    Science and Technology

    I volunteered for the Arizona Science Lab (ASL) which offers science workshops for students in grades 4-8. These are full day, project-based workshops taught by volunteer engineers and scientists.

    This experiential based learning offers the students a window into the world of science, technology, engineering and math through a unified lesson including scientific principles, social relevance, experimental demonstrations, and hands-on project construction activities.

    This program…

    I volunteered for the Arizona Science Lab (ASL) which offers science workshops for students in grades 4-8. These are full day, project-based workshops taught by volunteer engineers and scientists.

    This experiential based learning offers the students a window into the world of science, technology, engineering and math through a unified lesson including scientific principles, social relevance, experimental demonstrations, and hands-on project construction activities.

    This program, offered free of charge to all student classes in the greater Phoenix area, is in direct response to the growing concern that not enough students are adequately prepared to enter into the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).

  • Peer reviewer

    International Journal of Electric Power and Energy Systems (IJEPES), IET - GTD

    - Present 9 years 7 months

    Science and Technology

  • Peer reviewer

    International Journal of Thermal Sciences

    - Present 8 years 7 months

    Science and Technology

Publications

  • Nonlinear structure-preserving network reduction using holomorphic embedding

    IEEE Transactions on power systems

    Network reduction is an effective tool for reducing the complexity of many analysis, design and optimization problems. However, many of the conventional reduction methods, like Ward, and REI (Radial, Equivalent, Independent) are only accurate at the base case. When the operating condition changes, the reduced model does not match the full model performance because linearization is used somewhere in the process. In this paper, a new reduction method that preserves the model’s nonlinear structure…

    Network reduction is an effective tool for reducing the complexity of many analysis, design and optimization problems. However, many of the conventional reduction methods, like Ward, and REI (Radial, Equivalent, Independent) are only accurate at the base case. When the operating condition changes, the reduced model does not match the full model performance because linearization is used somewhere in the process. In this paper, a new reduction method that preserves the model’s nonlinear structure using the holomorphic embedding (HE) technique is proposed, to generate network reductions which are accurate over a broader range of operating conditions. When applied to the power-flow problem, simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly improve bus-voltage and branch-flow accuracy, matching the full-model power-flow solution exactly when moving along the so-called α line. In addition, the HE reduction is more efficient than traditional methods when calculating nonlinear network solutions under many operating conditions.

    Other authors
    See publication

  • Nonlinear Network Reduction for Distribution Networks using the Holomorphic Embedding Method

    North American Power Symposium, 2016

    This paper presents three different true nonlinear reduction methods to obtain network equivalents for radial (distribution-type) networks (using the holomorphically embedded power flow algorithm), which are exact, given computational precision limitations, even when the loads and the real-power generations are scaled. The proposed reduction methods are applied in this paper to reduce a radial distribution system and provide a two-bus-model equivalent which accurately models the real and…

    This paper presents three different true nonlinear reduction methods to obtain network equivalents for radial (distribution-type) networks (using the holomorphically embedded power flow algorithm), which are exact, given computational precision limitations, even when the loads and the real-power generations are scaled. The proposed reduction methods are applied in this paper to reduce a radial distribution system and provide a two-bus-model equivalent which accurately models the real and reactive power load seen at the transmission network due to random changes in the distribution system load. Numerical results are provided for a radial 14-bus system to show the accuracy of the proposed methods in preserving voltages and slack bus power. The approach is shown to have
    better performance than Ward reduction even when the loads are increased in a random manner.

    Other authors
    • Daniel Tylavsky

  • Estimating the saddle-node bifurcation point of static power systems using the holomorphic embedding method

    International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Elsevier Publications

    Voltage stability studies have been progressively gaining importance in the power engineering community. Predicting the saddle-node bifurcation point (SNBP) of a power system has become more critical as the power-system loading has increased in many places without a concomitant increase in transmission resources. Since a Newton-Raphson power-flow method is inherently unstable near the SNBP, adaptations such as continuation methods have been used as stabilizers. A new class of nonlinear equation…

    Voltage stability studies have been progressively gaining importance in the power engineering community. Predicting the saddle-node bifurcation point (SNBP) of a power system has become more critical as the power-system loading has increased in many places without a concomitant increase in transmission resources. Since a Newton-Raphson power-flow method is inherently unstable near the SNBP, adaptations such as continuation methods have been used as stabilizers. A new class of nonlinear equation solvers known as the holomorphic embedding method (HEM) is theoretically guaranteed to find the high-voltage solution to the power-flow problem, if one exists, even at the SNBP, provided sufficient precision is used and the conditions of Stahl’s theorem are satisfied by the equation set. In this paper, four different HEM-based methods to estimate the saddle-node bifurcation point of a power system, are proposed and compared in terms of accuracy as well as computational efficiency.

    Other authors
    See publication

  • The Holomorphic Embedding Method Applied to The Power Flow Problem

    IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

    The Holomorphic Embedding Load-Flow Method (HELM) solves the power-flow problem to obtain the bus voltages as rational approximants, that is, a ratio of complex-valued polynomials of the embedding parameter. The proof of its claims (namely that (a) it is guaranteed to find a solution if it exists, (b) it is guaranteed to find only a high-voltage (operable) solution, and (c) that it unequivocally signals if no solution exists) are rooted in complex analysis and the theory developed by Antonio…

    The Holomorphic Embedding Load-Flow Method (HELM) solves the power-flow problem to obtain the bus voltages as rational approximants, that is, a ratio of complex-valued polynomials of the embedding parameter. The proof of its claims (namely that (a) it is guaranteed to find a solution if it exists, (b) it is guaranteed to find only a high-voltage (operable) solution, and (c) that it unequivocally signals if no solution exists) are rooted in complex analysis and the theory developed by Antonio Trias and Herbert Stahl. HELM is one variant of the holomorphic embedding method (HEM) for solving nonlinear equations, the details of which may differ from those available in its published patents. In this paper we show that the HEM represents a distinct class of nonlinear equation solvers that are recursive, rather than iterative. As such, for any given problem, there are an infinite number of HEM formulations, each with different numerical properties and precision demands. The objective of this paper is to provide an intuitive understanding of HEM and apply one variant to the power-flow (PF) problem. We introduce one possible PV bus model compatible with the HEM and examine some features of different holomorphic embeddings, giving step-by-step details of model building, germ calculation and the recursive algorithm.

    Other authors
    See publication

  • Methods to Detect Incorrect Fan Status for Transformer Thermal Models

    IEEE Conference, North American Power Symposium 2014 held at Washington State University

    Transformers are seldom loaded to their maximum
    capacity as per the existing industry practices. The ultimate goal
    of this research project is to develop a method for predicting the
    maximum dynamic loading capability without violating the
    thermal limits of the transformer’s insulation. Dynamic loading
    must account for, at minimum, load magnitude and shape, the
    ambient temperature, the external cooling conditions and the
    thermal limits. This paper discusses methods of…

    Transformers are seldom loaded to their maximum
    capacity as per the existing industry practices. The ultimate goal
    of this research project is to develop a method for predicting the
    maximum dynamic loading capability without violating the
    thermal limits of the transformer’s insulation. Dynamic loading
    must account for, at minimum, load magnitude and shape, the
    ambient temperature, the external cooling conditions and the
    thermal limits. This paper discusses methods of detecting
    irregularities in the cooling mode transitions for substation
    distribution transformers. The two HST and TOT models
    considered in this paper are the non-linear IEEE model and the
    model built using linear regression techniques.

    Other authors
    • Daniel Tylavsky
    • Ken Alteneder
    • Kenneth E Brown
    • Jason Gunawardena
    • Thomas Larose
    See publication

  • Model Screening Metrics for Thermal Models of Substation Distribution Transformers

    IEEE, Conference paper for North American Power Symposium

    Dynamic loading of transformers is the term used when the loading capacity is calculated using an appropriate thermal model while taking into account the load magnitude, load shape, thermal limits and external cooling conditions. For transformer dynamic loading, the aim is to estimate the transformer’s maximum dynamic loading capacity without violating the hottest-spot temperature (HST) and top-oil temperature (TOT) thermal limits. These two temperatures are proxy measures of insulation…

    Dynamic loading of transformers is the term used when the loading capacity is calculated using an appropriate thermal model while taking into account the load magnitude, load shape, thermal limits and external cooling conditions. For transformer dynamic loading, the aim is to estimate the transformer’s maximum dynamic loading capacity without violating the hottest-spot temperature (HST) and top-oil temperature (TOT) thermal limits. These two temperatures are proxy measures of insulation temperature, which can be used to estimate the loss of service life. The accuracy of the TOT and HST predictions is dependent on many things, central to which is the accuracy of the thermal model. This paper introduces metrics that can be used to differentiate between reliable and unreliable transformer thermal models. The two models discussed in this paper for HST and TOT are the non-linear IEEE model and the model developed by the authors using linear regression methods.

    Other authors
    See publication

Courses

  • Applied Linear Algebra

    APM 505

  • Applied Power Electronics

    303132

  • Computer Applications of Power Systems

    EEE574

  • Control Systems

    303101,303102

  • Electric Energy Markets

    EEE598

  • Electric Power Quality

    EEE 573

  • Electrical Drives and Control

    303200

  • Electrical Machines

    303031, 303032

  • Electrical Power Devices

    EEE591

  • Electrical Power Systems

    303131

  • FACTS

    403110

  • Feedback Systems

    EEE 591

  • HV Engineering

    403060

  • HVDC Transmission

    403010

  • Industrial Controllers

    303230

  • Introduction to Financial Engineering

    IEE 512

  • Linear Systems Theory

    EEE 582

  • Optimization

    APM 523

  • Power Operations and Planning

    EEE577

  • Power System Design

    303210

  • Power System Analysis

    303220

  • Power System Dynamics

    EEE 576

  • Power System Stability

    EEE 575

  • Power Transmission and Distribution

    EEE 575

  • Principles of Communication Engg., Advanced Communication System

    303160,303170

  • Reading and Conference

    EEE 790

  • Signal Processing,Digital Signal Processing

    303090,303180

  • Switchgear and Protection

    303190

Projects

  • Holomorphically Embedding Method applied to the Power Flow Problem

    Holomorphically Embedding Method applied to the Power Flow Problem
    The project involves exploring various aspects of ‘Holomorphically Embedded Method applied to the Power Flow Problem (HEPF)’ method. The HEPF is a non-iterative, method of solving the power flow problem that does not depend on the initial estimate of the solution and is guaranteed to converge to the operable solution if one exists. The work involves estimating the saddle node bifurcation point using the HEPF methods which do…

    Holomorphically Embedding Method applied to the Power Flow Problem
    The project involves exploring various aspects of ‘Holomorphically Embedded Method applied to the Power Flow Problem (HEPF)’ method. The HEPF is a non-iterative, method of solving the power flow problem that does not depend on the initial estimate of the solution and is guaranteed to converge to the operable solution if one exists. The work involves estimating the saddle node bifurcation point using the HEPF methods which do not require multiple PF problems to be solved, developing network equivalents which are accurate even when the operating conditions change and exploring new ways to improve the convergence behavior of the HEPF.

    Other creators
    • Daniel Tylavsky

  • Dynamic Loading of Substation Distribution Transformers

    Ongoing project on dynamic loading of transformers using thermal modeling for Salt River Project (S.R.P). It involves determining the maximum load that a transformer can sustain without reaching the maximum thermal limits of the insulation. Different software were developed in MATLAB to build the thermal models and use them for the dynamic loading calculations and delivered to SRP.

    Other creators
    • Daniel Tylavsky
    • Thomas Larose
    • Ken Alteneder
    • Kenneth Brown

  • Power Quality Assessment of a 35 kV feeder using OpenDSS

    -

    Perform a power quality study of a 21.1 km long, 35 kV fully underground, three phase feeder located in Flagstaff with ten laterals. All loads on the feeder were residential loads with heavy PV penetration. The objective was to assess the harmonics from the rectifier loads including PWM. Capacitor banks were placed for voltage support and the power quality impacts of having a looped system at harmonic as well as switching frequencies was studied.

  • Optimization

    -

    Implementation of various optimization algorithms in MATLAB:

    Implemented the linear and nonlinear conjugate gradient methods and the backtracking line search method. Also implemented the full BFGS and the memory-less BFGS methods and the primal-dual interior point algorithms.

    Other creators

  • Design of a 345 kV transmission line

    -

    Designed a 345 kV, 98 mile transmission line in Maharashtra, India. It involved route selection, selection of towers, conductors and insulators and design of lightning and short circuit protection and cost estimation of the line.

  • Power System Dynamics

    -

    Completed using DSATools.Modeled different exciters, governors and power system stabilizers to study the transient stability of a two-area system and perform a small signal analysis of the system.

    Other creators

  • Fault and stability analysis to ascertain the critical clearing time

    -

    • Analyzed the transient stability of a synchronous machine in a two area, four generator system.
    • Modeled the system in PSAT/TSAT software package of DSA tools.
    • Plot analysis of absolute and relative rotor angles for a faulted bus, considering adjusted tie line
    flows and inertia constants.

    Other creators

  • Fault and stability analysis to ascertain the critical clearing time

    -

    • Analyzed the transient stability of a synchronous machine in a two area, four generator system.
    • Modeled the system in PSAT/TSAT software package of DSA tools.
    • Plot analysis of absolute and relative rotor angles for a faulted bus, considering adjusted tie line
    flows and inertia constants.

    Other creators

  • Assessment of market structure for energy storage

    -

    -Analysed the present energy storage systems and the existing market structure for it.
    -Performed simulations in AMPL to determine the behaviour of energy storage unit in the present market structure and as a vertically integrated utility.
    - The results of the simulations were used to determine the whether there is a need for a change in market structure and if so a possible new market structure was put forward

    Other creators

  • Implementation of Power Flow Algorithm

    -

    The project involved implementation the Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm for the IEEE 118 bus power system using sparse matrix techniques. The project was completed using MATLAB as a part of coursework for the course Computer Solutions of Power Systems at Arizona State University

  • Design of relay scheme for Arizona looped transmission system

    -

    The project involved designing overcurrent relay protection scheme of a modified transmission system of Arizona for the radial lines along with a distance protection scheme and a differential protection scheme for two transformers. It was completed using Powerworld software as a part of coursework for the course Electrical Power Devices at Arizona State University

  • Addition of photovoltaic power to transmission system in Arizona

    -

    The project involved studying a simplified model of transmission system in Arizona and determining the maximum photovoltaic power that could be injected into the system such the the system constraints are not violated. It was completed using Powerworld software as a part of the coursework for the course Power Operations and Planning at Arizona State University

  • Analysis of a 662 bus power system

    -

    Developed a MATLAB code to find the voltages at all buses of a 662 bus network given the admittance matrix and current injected at all buses using sparse matrix technology.Used Tinney-I reordering scheme to minimize number of fill-in elements and LDU factorization to minimize processing time and cost

  • Solar Tracker and Maximum Power Point Tracking System

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    Implementation of a solar tracker (A device which orients the photo-voltaic cells in the direction of maximum solar light) using LM324 and an MPPT system which adjusts the operating voltage to obtain maximum power from the solar panel

    Other creators
    • Harshada Pendse
    • Titiksha Joshi
    • Soumya Acharya
    • Dipashri Atale
    • Sneha Gaikwad

Honors & Awards

  • University Graduate Fellowship

    Arizona State University

  • Best reviewer 2016: Elsevier International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems

    Elsevier International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems (IJEPES)

  • Atluri Award 2015

    IEEE Phoenix Section Student Scholarship

    Received the Atluri Award, IEEE Phoenix Section Student Scholarship in February 2015

  • IEEE PES Chapter Graduate Power Engineering Student Excellence Award

    IEEE - PES, Phoenix Chapter

    Received the IEEE PES Phoenix Chapter Graduate Scholarship in 2014.

  • JRD TATA SCHOLARSHIP

    Sir Dorabji TATA Trust and JRD TATA Trust, India

    Awarded for academic proficiency during B.Tech

  • JRD TATA SCHOLARSHIP

    Sir Dorabji TATA Trust and JRD TATA Trust, India

    Awarded for academic proficiency during B.Tech

Languages

  • English

    Native or bilingual proficiency

  • Hindi

    Native or bilingual proficiency

  • Marathi

    Professional working proficiency

  • Kannada

    Elementary proficiency

  • Telugu

    Elementary proficiency

Organizations

  • IEEE Women in Engineering

    Member

    - Present

  • IEEE Power and Energy Society

    Student Member, Reviewer IEEE Transactions on Power Systems and IEEE Power Engineering Letters

    - Present

  • IEEE

    Student member

    - Present

  • IEEE PES ASU Student Chapter

    Co-Vice-Chair

    -

    Served as the co-vice-chair of the IEEE PES ASU Student Chapter. Duties involved: Appropriating funds for various technical workshops, technical talks and social events. Organizing the various events, attending meetings of the executive committee and meeting with the executive committees of the IEEE PES Phoenix section and the IEEE Phoenix Section regularly to discuss future events. Reporting the activities of the chapter to the IEEE. Link: https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8437949

  • Phi Kappa Phi

    Student member

    -

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