Ian Driver

Ian Driver

San Francisco Bay Area
877 followers 500+ connections

About

I am a cell and molecular biologist and chemical engineer exploring ways to use…

Activity

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Experience

  • Gordian Biotechnology Graphic

    Gordian Biotechnology

    San Francisco, California

  • -

    South San Francisco, California

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    San Francisco Bay Area

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    Greater New York City Area

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    Greater New York City Area

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    Niskayuna, NY

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    Cambridge, MA

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    Singapore

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    Cambridge, MA

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    Greater New York City Area

Education

Volunteer Experience

  • ER Volunteer

    Albany Memorial Hospital

    - 6 months

    Health

    Volunteered during the night twice a week in the Emergency Room. Moved patients, changed beds, did EKG setup, did urine and pregnancy tests, talked with patients, and anything that was useful and I could legally perform or help with.

Publications

  • LILRB1 Blockade Enhances Bispecific T Cell Engager Antibody–Induced Tumor Cell Killing by Effector CD8+ T Cells

    The Journal of Immunology

    Blockades of LILRB1 and PD1 induced greater CD8+ T cell activation than either treatment alone. Together, our data suggest that LILRB1 functions as a negative regulator of human CD8+ effector T cells and that blocking LILRB1 represents a unique strategy to enhance BiTE molecule therapeutic activity against solid tumors.

    Other authors
    See publication
  • Local lung hypoxia determines epithelial fate decisions during alveolar regeneration.

    Nature cell biology

    After influenza infection, lineage-negative epithelial progenitors (LNEPs) exhibit a binary response to reconstitute epithelial barriers: activating a Notch-dependent ΔNp63/cytokeratin 5 (Krt5) remodelling program or differentiating into alveolar type II cells (AEC2s). Here we show that local lung hypoxia, through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α), drives Notch signalling and Krt5pos basal-like cell expansion. Single-cell transcriptional profiling of human AEC2s from fibrotic lungs revealed a…

    After influenza infection, lineage-negative epithelial progenitors (LNEPs) exhibit a binary response to reconstitute epithelial barriers: activating a Notch-dependent ΔNp63/cytokeratin 5 (Krt5) remodelling program or differentiating into alveolar type II cells (AEC2s). Here we show that local lung hypoxia, through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α), drives Notch signalling and Krt5pos basal-like cell expansion. Single-cell transcriptional profiling of human AEC2s from fibrotic lungs revealed a hypoxic subpopulation with activated Notch, suppressed surfactant protein C (SPC), and transdifferentiation toward a Krt5pos basal-like state. Activated murine Krt5pos LNEPs and diseased human AEC2s upregulate strikingly similar core pathways underlying migration and squamous metaplasia. While robust, HIF1α-driven metaplasia is ultimately inferior to AEC2 reconstitution in restoring normal lung function. HIF1α deletion or enhanced Wnt/β-catenin activity in Sox2pos LNEPs blocks Notch and Krt5 activation, instead promoting rapid AEC2 differentiation and migration and improving the quality of alveolar repair.

    See publication
  • Recruited Monocytes and Type 2 Immunity Promote Lung Regeneration following Pneumonectomy

    Cell Stem Cell

    To investigate the role of immune cells in lung regeneration, we used a unilateral pneumonectomy model that promotes the formation of new alveoli in the remaining lobes. Immunofluorescence and single-cell RNA sequencing found CD115+ and CCR2+ monocytes and M2-like macrophages accumulating in the lung during the peak of type 2 alveolar epithelial stem cell (AEC2) proliferation. Genetic loss of function in mice and adoptive transfer studies revealed that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)…

    To investigate the role of immune cells in lung regeneration, we used a unilateral pneumonectomy model that promotes the formation of new alveoli in the remaining lobes. Immunofluorescence and single-cell RNA sequencing found CD115+ and CCR2+ monocytes and M2-like macrophages accumulating in the lung during the peak of type 2 alveolar epithelial stem cell (AEC2) proliferation. Genetic loss of function in mice and adoptive transfer studies revealed that bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) traffic to the lung through a CCL2-CCR2 chemokine axis and are required for optimal lung regeneration, along with Il4ra-expressing leukocytes. Our data suggest that these cells modulate AEC2 proliferation and differentiation. Finally, we provide evidence that group 2 innate lymphoid cells are a source of IL-13, which promotes lung regeneration. Together, our data highlight the potential for immunomodulatory therapies to stimulate alveologenesis in adults.

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  • Prospective isolation of NKX2-1–expressing human lung progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation

    It has been postulated that during human fetal development, all cells of the lung epithelium derive from embryonic, endodermal, NK2 homeobox 1–expressing (NKX2-1+) precursor cells. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested owing to an inability to purify or track these progenitors for detailed characterization. Here we have engineered and developmentally differentiated NKX2-1GFP reporter pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro to generate and isolate human primordial lung progenitors…

    It has been postulated that during human fetal development, all cells of the lung epithelium derive from embryonic, endodermal, NK2 homeobox 1–expressing (NKX2-1+) precursor cells. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested owing to an inability to purify or track these progenitors for detailed characterization. Here we have engineered and developmentally differentiated NKX2-1GFP reporter pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro to generate and isolate human primordial lung progenitors that express NKX2-1 but are initially devoid of differentiated lung lineage markers. After sorting to purity, these primordial lung progenitors exhibited lung epithelial maturation. In the absence of mesenchymal coculture support, this NKX2-1+ population was able to generate epithelial-only spheroids in defined 3D cultures. Alternatively, when recombined with fetal mouse lung mesenchyme, the cells recapitulated epithelial-mesenchymal developing lung interactions. We imaged these progenitors in real time and performed time-series global transcriptomic profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing as they moved through the earliest moments of lung lineage specification. The profiles indicated that evolutionarily conserved, stage-dependent gene signatures of early lung development are expressed in primordial human lung progenitors and revealed a CD47hiCD26lo cell surface phenotype that allows their prospective isolation from untargeted, patient-specific PSCs for further in vitro differentiation and future applications in regenerative medicine.

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  • Persistent Pathology in Influenza-Infected Mouse Lungs.

    Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.

    Here, we confirm that there are extensive regions of Krt5+ pods after infection with a sublethal dose of PR8. These persist for up to 200 days post-infection (dpi) in areas largely devoid of unambiguous markers of normal alveolar lineages. In contrast, widespread pods were not observed after infection with the less virulent X31 influenza strain. Therefore, we conclude that Krt5+ cells are not an invariant response to influenza infection and are not an essential source of alveolar cells for…

    Here, we confirm that there are extensive regions of Krt5+ pods after infection with a sublethal dose of PR8. These persist for up to 200 days post-infection (dpi) in areas largely devoid of unambiguous markers of normal alveolar lineages. In contrast, widespread pods were not observed after infection with the less virulent X31 influenza strain. Therefore, we conclude that Krt5+ cells are not an invariant response to influenza infection and are not an essential source of alveolar cells for repair.


    Read More: http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1165/rcmb.2015-0387LE#.WBQNWuErKV4

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  • Specification of regional intestinal stem cell identity during Drosophila metamorphosis

    Development

    In the adult Drosophila midgut the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is required to specify and maintain the acid-secreting region of the midgut known as the copper cell region (CCR). BMP signaling is also involved in the modulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation in response to injury. How ISCs are able to respond to the same signaling pathway in a regionally different manner is currently unknown. Here, we show that dual use of the BMP signaling pathway in the…

    In the adult Drosophila midgut the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is required to specify and maintain the acid-secreting region of the midgut known as the copper cell region (CCR). BMP signaling is also involved in the modulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation in response to injury. How ISCs are able to respond to the same signaling pathway in a regionally different manner is currently unknown. Here, we show that dual use of the BMP signaling pathway in the midgut is possible because BMP signals are only capable of transforming ISC and enterocyte identity during a defined window of metamorphosis. ISC heterogeneity is established prior to adulthood and then maintained in cooperation with regional signals from surrounding tissue. Our data provide a conceptual framework for how other tissues maintained by regional stem cells might be patterned and establishes the pupal and adult midgut as a novel genetic platform for identifying genes necessary for regional stem cell specification and maintenance.

    Other authors
    • Benjamin Ohlstein
    See publication
  • Injury-induced BMP signaling negatively regulates Drosophila midgut homeostasis

    The Journal of cell biology

    Our data establish a new link between injury and hyperplasia and may provide insight into how BMP signaling mutations drive formation of human intestinal cancers.

    Other authors
    • Zheng Guo
    • Benjamin Ohlstein
    See publication
  • A transient niche regulates the specification of Drosophila intestinal stem cells

    Science

    Our results demonstrate a paradigm for stem cell–niche biology, where progenitors generate transient niches that determine stem cell fate and may give insights into stem cell specification in other tissues.

    Other authors
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  • High-affinity CD25-binding IL-2 mutants potently stimulate persistent T cell growth.

    Biochemistry

    We have used directed evolution to construct IL-2 mutants that bind the IL-2 α receptor subunit (IL-2Rα, CD25) with affinities comparable to that of the IL-15−IL-15 α receptor subunit (IL-15Rα) interaction.

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  • Interleukin 2 (IL-2) variants engineered for increased IL-2 receptor alpha-subunit affinity exhibit increased potency arising from a cell surface ligand reservoir effect.

    Molecular pharmacology

    In this study, we demonstrate the potentially improved therapeutic value of IL-2 variants engineered to gain 15- to 30-fold increased affinity for the IL-2 receptor α-subunit (IL-2Rα).

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Patents

  • TREM2 ANTIGEN BINDING PROTEINS AND USES THEREOF

    Issued US WO2018195506

    The present invention relates to antigen binding proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, that specifically bind to and activate human triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such antigen binding proteins.

Languages

  • English

    Native or bilingual proficiency

  • Spanish

    Limited working proficiency

Organizations

  • Cell Hackers UCSF

    Postdoctoral Advisor

    - Present

    http://cellhackers.github.io/team/ https://www.facebook.com/cellhackers

  • Lung Repair and Regeneration Consortium

    Young Investigator

    - Present

    https://www.lungrepair.org/

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