Eyes on the mitochondria:
NAD Supplementation - Hype or Hope for Longevity?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD, has gained significant attention in recent years for its potential role in improving health and extending lifespan.
NAD is a vital molecule involved in countless cellular processes, from energy production in mitochondria to DNA repair and stress responses. Its levels naturally decline with age, and this decline has been linked to age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, metabolic dysfunction, and immune system impairments.
This connection between declining NAD levels and aging has driven interest in NAD-boosting therapies. These include NAD precursors like nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), as well as exogenous NAD supplementation. These therapies are marketed for a range of benefits, including improving metabolic health, enhancing exercise performance, supporting neuroprotection, and even extending lifespan.
But what does the science say?
Studies in animals and cell models have demonstrated encouraging results. NAD precursors have shown the ability to enhance mitochondrial function, support DNA repair, improve insulin sensitivity, and protect against age-related diseases. In model organisms such as mice, these supplements have even been associated with lifespan extension.
However, evidence in humans is still emerging, with most clinical trials being small, short-term, or focused on specific outcomes like metabolic health.
Among the NAD precursors, NR and NMN are the most studied. NR has been shown to effectively raise NAD levels and is backed by more clinical data. NMN is gaining popularity due to its direct involvement in NAD biosynthesis, though its absorption and pharmacokinetics in humans are still being investigated. Exogenous NAD supplementation, such as intravenous or subcutaneous delivery, is another approach, but its bioavailability presents challenges.
While NAD-boosting therapies hold promise, there are important caveats. Long-term safety in humans remains uncertain, and the effects may vary depending on individual factors such as age, baseline health, and genetics.
There are also theoretical concerns that boosting NAD levels could inadvertently fuel harmful cellular processes, like cancer cell proliferation, in certain contexts.
It is essential to approach these therapies as part of a holistic strategy that includes a healthy lifestyle and evidence-based interventions. As research continues to evolve, NAD remains an exciting frontier in the quest to understand and influence the biology of aging.
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CRB is working on carcinogenesis and mitochondria, developing non-toxic oncology drugs.
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