What is URL Locator & what are common schemes used for the URL in HTML ?

Every HTML document on the internet has a unique URL. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. The URL is the HTML document's address on the internet. Any file that can be accessed via the internet has a URL, including images, JavaScript files, CSS files, Flash files, and so on.

To view an HTML document in a browser, enter the URL of the document into the browser's address bar. A URL can be made up of words (for example, https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) or of an Internet Protocol (IP) address (e.g. 190.37.48.65).

A URL makes it easier to use the Internet because we don't have to remember IP addresses and can easily search for website names. A URL is used by web browsers to request pages from web servers. URL is a web address that is used to refer to a document (or other data) on the internet. 

Syntax: A web address has the following syntax:

scheme://prefix.domain:port/path/filename

The keywords in the above image are defined below:

1. Schema: The scheme is the first segment of the URL and determines the protocol to use for each website. The two protocols are HTTPS and HTTP.

HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It is used for secure internet communication. A lock next to the URL of a secure website indicates that it is secure.

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is not secure and could be easily hacked by hackers, resulting in the leak of your data. As a result, it is advised to only use secure websites.

2. Prefix: It is used to identify a domain prefix. For example, www is a prefix for www.geeksforgeeks.org.

3. Domain: A domain is a unique name given to a web page, such as www.geeksforgeeks.org. geeksforgeeks is the distinct name that represents our website's domain. The domain could also be specified using a unique set of numbers known as a website's IP address.

4. Port: It specifies the host's port number (default for HTTPS is port 443 and default for HTTP is 80)

5. Path: this is used to specify the path of the web server's resources. For example,  If you try to run an HTML file on your device, you may see the physical path to your folder.

6. Filename: It is the name of a document or resource.

Common URL Schemes: Some of the most common URL schemes are: