Sum of bitwise AND of all possible subsets of given set

Last Updated : 17 Aug, 2022

Given an array, we need to calculate the Sum of Bit-wise AND of all possible subsets of the given array.

Examples:

Input : 1 2 3
Output : 9
For [1, 2, 3], all possible subsets are {1}, 
{2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}
Bitwise AND of these subsets are, 1 + 2 + 
3 + 0 + 1 + 2 + 0 = 9.
So, the answer would be 9.

Input : 1 2 3 4
Output : 13

Refer to this Post for Count Set Bit

Naive Approach, we can produce all subsets using Power Set then calculate Bit-wise AND sum of all subsets.

In a Better approach, we are trying to calculate which array element is responsible for producing the sum into a subset.

Let’s start with the least significant bit. To remove the contribution from other bits, we calculate number AND bit for all numbers in the set. Any subset of this that contains a 0 will not give any contribution. All nonempty subsets that only consist of 1’s will give 1 in contribution. In total there will be 2^n – 1 such subset each giving 1 in contribution. The same goes for the other bit. We get [0, 2, 2], 3 subset each giving 2. Total 3*1 + 3*2 = 9

Array = {1, 2, 3}
Binary representation
positions       2 1 0    
        1       0 0 1
        2       0 1 0
        3       0 1 1
              [ 0 2 2 ]
Count set bit for each position
[ 0 3 3 ] subset produced by each 
position 2^n -1 i.e. n is total sum 
for each position [ 0, 3*2^1, 3*2^0 ] 
Now calculate the sum by multiplying 
the position value i.e 2^0, 2^1 ... . 
 0 + 6 + 3 = 9

Implementation:

CPP

// C++ program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
#define BITS 32
 
int andSum(int arr[], int n)
{
    int ans = 0;
 
    // assuming representation of each element is
    // in 32 bit
    for (int i = 0; i < BITS; i++) {
        int countSetBits = 0;
 
        // iterating array element
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
 
            // Counting the set bit of array in
            // ith position
            if (arr[j] & (1 << i))
                countSetBits++;
        }
 
        // counting subset which produce sum when
        // particular bit position is set.
        int subset = (1 << countSetBits) - 1;
 
        // multiplying every position subset with 2^i
        // to count the sum.
        subset = (subset * (1 << i));
 
        ans += subset;
    }
 
    return ans;
}
 
// Drivers code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3};
    int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout << andSum(arr, size);
 
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array
class GFG {
     
    static final int BITS = 32;
     
    static int andSum(int arr[], int n)
    {
        int ans = 0;
     
        // assuming representation of each
        // element is in 32 bit
        for (int i = 0; i < BITS; i++) {
            int countSetBits = 0;
     
            // iterating array element
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
     
                // Counting the set bit of
                // array in ith position
                if ((arr[j] & (1 << i)) != 0)
                    countSetBits++;
            }
     
            // counting subset which produce
            // sum when particular bit 
            // position is set.
            int subset = (1 << countSetBits) - 1;
     
            // multiplying every position 
            // subset with 2^i to count the
            // sum.
            subset = (subset * (1 << i));
     
            ans += subset;
        }
     
        return ans;
    }
     
    // Drivers code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3};
        int size = 3;
        System.out.println (andSum(arr, size));
     
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu.

Python3

# Python3 program to calculate sum of
# Bit-wise and sum of all subsets of
# an array
 
BITS = 32;
 
def andSum(arr, n):
    ans = 0
     
    # assuming representation 
    # of each element is
    # in 32 bit
    for i in range(0, BITS):
        countSetBits = 0
 
        # iterating array element
        for j in range(0, n) :
             
            # Counting the set bit 
            # of array in ith
            # position
            if (arr[j] & (1 << i)) :
                countSetBits = (countSetBits
                                       + 1)
 
        # counting subset which 
        # produce sum when 
        # particular bit position
        # is set.
        subset = ((1 << countSetBits) 
                                 - 1)
 
        # multiplying every position 
        # subset with 2^i to count 
        # the sum.
        subset = (subset * (1 << i))
 
        ans = ans + subset
 
    return ans
 
# Driver code
arr = [1, 2, 3]
size = len(arr)
print (andSum(arr, size))
     
# This code is contributed by 
# Manish Shaw (manishshaw1)

C#

// C# program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array
using System;
 
class GFG {
     
static int BITS = 32;
 
    static int andSum(int[] arr, int n)
    {
        int ans = 0;
     
        // assuming representation of each
        // element is in 32 bit
        for (int i = 0; i < BITS; i++) {
            int countSetBits = 0;
     
            // iterating array element
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
     
                // Counting the set bit of
                // array in ith position
                if ((arr[j] & (1 << i)) != 0)
                    countSetBits++;
            }
     
            // counting subset which produce
            // sum when particular bit position
            // is set.
            int subset = (1 << countSetBits) - 1;
     
            // multiplying every position subset
            // with 2^i to count the sum.
            subset = (subset * (1 << i));
     
            ans += subset;
        }
     
        return ans;
    }
     
    // Drivers code
    static public void Main()
    {
        int []arr = { 1, 2, 3};
        int size = 3;
        Console.WriteLine (andSum(arr, size));
     
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu.

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array
 
$BITS = 32;
 
function andSum( $arr, $n)
{
    global $BITS;
    $ans = 0;
 
    // assuming representation 
    // of each element is
    // in 32 bit
    for($i = 0; $i < $BITS; $i++)
    {
        $countSetBits = 0;
 
        // iterating array element
        for ( $j = 0; $j < $n; $j++) {
 
            // Counting the set bit 
            // of array in ith position
            if ($arr[$j] & (1 << $i))
                $countSetBits++;
        }
 
        // counting subset which 
        // produce sum when 
        // particular bit position
        // is set.
        $subset = (1 << $countSetBits) - 1;
 
        // multiplying every position 
        // subset with 2^i to count 
        // the sum.
        $subset = ($subset * (1 << $i));
 
        $ans += $subset;
    }
 
    return $ans;
}
 
    // Driver code
    $arr = array(1, 2, 3);
    $size = count($arr);
    echo andSum($arr, $size);
     
// This code is contributed by anuj_67.
?>

Javascript

<script>
// javascript program to calculate sum of Bit-wise 
// and sum of all subsets of an array    
var BITS = 32;
 
    function andSum(arr , n) {
        var ans = 0;
 
        // assuming representation of each
        // element is in 32 bit
        for (i = 0; i < BITS; i++) {
            var countSetBits = 0;
 
            // iterating array element
            for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
 
                // Counting the set bit of
                // array in ith position
                if ((arr[j] & (1 << i)) != 0)
                    countSetBits++;
            }
 
            // counting subset which produce
            // sum when particular bit
            // position is set.
            var subset = (1 << countSetBits) - 1;
 
            // multiplying every position
            // subset with 2^i to count the
            // sum.
            subset = (subset * (1 << i));
 
            ans += subset;
        }
 
        return ans;
    }
 
    // Drivers code
     
        var arr = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
        var size = 3;
        document.write(andSum(arr, size));
 
// This code contributed by gauravrajput1 
</script>

Output

Complexity Analysis:

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Sum of Bitwise And of all pairs in a given array

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Article Tags :

Practice Tags :

Bit Magic

Sum of bitwise AND of all possible subsets of given set

CPP

Java

Python3

C#

PHP

Javascript

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