Program to calculate length of diagonal of a square

Given a positive integer S, the task is to find the length of diagonal of a square having sides of length S.

Examples:

Input: S = 10
Output: 14.1421
Explanation: The length of the diagonal of a square whose sides are of length 10 is 14.1421

Input: S = 24
Output: 33.9411

Approach: The given problem can be solved based on the mathematical relation between the length of sides of a square and the length of diagonal of a square as illustrated below:

As visible from the above image, the diagonal and the two sides of the square form a right-angled triangle. Therefore, by applying Pythagoras Theorem:
(hypotenuse)² = (base)² + (perpendicular)², where D and S are length of the diagonal and the square.

Therefore, 
=> D^{2} = S^{2} + S^{2}         
=> D^{2} = 2*S^{2}         
=> D = S \sqrt 2

Therefore, simply calculate the length of the diagonal using the above-derived relation.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to find the length of the
// diagonal of a square of a given side
double findDiagonal(double s)
{
    return sqrt(2) * s;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    double S = 10;
    cout << findDiagonal(S);

    return 0;
}

// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;

class GFG{

// Function to find the length of the
// diagonal of a square of a given side
static double findDiagonal(double s)
{
    return (double)Math.sqrt(2) * s;
}

// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    double S = 10;
    
    System.out.print(findDiagonal(S));
}
}

// This code is contributed by splevel62

# Python3 program for the above approach
import math

# Function to find the length of the
# diagonal of a square of a given side
def findDiagonal(s):
    
    return math.sqrt(2) * s

# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":

    S = 10
    
    print(findDiagonal(S))

# This code is contributed by chitranayal

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
public class GFG
{

// Function to find the length of the
// diagonal of a square of a given side
static double findDiagonal(double s)
{
    return (double)Math.Sqrt(2) * s;
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    double S = 10;
    
    Console.Write(findDiagonal(S));
}
}

// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar 

<script>

// JavaScript program for the above approach

// Function to find the length of the
// diagonal of a square of a given side
function findDiagonal(s)
{
    return Math.sqrt(2) * s;
}

// Driver Code
var S = 10;

document.write(findDiagonal(S).toFixed(6));

// This code contributed by shikhasingrajput 

</script>

14.1421

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)