What is Frictional Force?
Last Updated :
05 Oct, 2023
Frictional Force or Force of Friction is the opposing force when two surfaces come in contact with each other to move either in the same direction or in opposite directions. As friction is a force that opposes or resists the motion of an object that comes in contact and slides against each other. Hence, the frictional force is a Contact Force. Friction is a force that always opposes motion. The frictional forces are majorly affected by the texture of the surface of the objects that came in contact with each other and the amount of force exerted on them.
What is Frictional Force?
The frictional force is the force created when two surfaces come into touch with each other and slide against each other. These forces are mostly influenced by the surface roughness and the amount of force required when they are combined. The volume of frictional force is affected by the angle and position of the object. The forces of attraction are the primary cause of friction between objects.
The frictional force between two surfaces always acts in opposition to the applied force, as shown in the figure above. The surface's texture, the amount of force pushing them together, the position of the object, the angle of the force applied, etc. are some factors that have a big impact on the frictional force. The force of friction is equal to the mass of the thing when it is flat against another object. When we push an object up against the surface of another object, the frictional force increases and exceeds the weight of the pushed object.
The maximum frictional force applied on an object by a surface can be easily calculated by the following formula:
Ffriction = µ × N
where,
Unit of Frictional Force
As Frictional Force is a force acting on an object, the unit and dimension of frictional force are the same as force.
- The unit of frictional force is kg.m/s2 or Newton (N).
- The dimensional formula of frictional force is [M L T-2].
Calculation of Frictional Force
There are three steps involved in the process of calculating the force of friction i.e.,
Step 1: Finding Normal Force.
The normal force i.e., represented by N, is the force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object. The direction is this force is always perpendicularly outward from the surface on which the object is resting. For any object resting on the horizontal surface, the normal force balances the weight of the object, thus it can be calculated the same as the weight of the object i.e., mg [where m is the mass of the object and g = 9.8m/s2 is the acceleration due to gravity]. However, if the object is on an inclined plane or if other forces are present, the normal force may be different. So, determine the normal force based on the specific situation.
Step 2: Finding the right Coefficient of Friction.
The coefficient of friction (µ) is a relative coefficient that represents the interaction between any surfaces in contact. It shows the resistance between surfaces is there to start any motion. The coefficient of friction depends on both surfaces and their nature and the coefficient of friction for some common surfaces is given in the following table:
|
1.05-1.35
| 1.4
|
0.6
| 0.4
|
0.1
| 0.05
|
0.41
| 0.04
|
0.3
| -
|
0.25
| -
|
0.9
| 0.8
|
0.022
| 0.02
|
0.7
| -
|
Step 3: Calculating Frictional Force using Formula Ffriction = µ × N.
After calculating the normal force and coefficient of friction, you can calculate the frictional force using the formula:
Ffriction = µ × N
The resulting force acts opposite to the direction of the attempted motion or motion of the object.
Factors Affecting Frictional Force
The magnitude of the frictional force depends on the following factors listed below:
- Surface textures and the amount of force pushing them together have a major impact on these forces.
- The amount of frictional force is affected by the position and the angle made by the object.
- The frictional force will be equal to the weight of the object if it is put flat against another object.
- The frictional force will increase and exceed the weight of the thing if an object is pushed up against the surface.
However, the frictional force between two surfaces is independent of the actual area of contact.
Types of Frictional Forces
The following are the two major types of frictional forces, based on the type of material in contact, that are:
- Dry Friction
- Static Friction
- Kinetic Friction
- Rolling Friction
- Sliding Friction
- Fluid Friction
Dry Friction
When two solid bodies come into contact, both when they are moving (kinetic friction) and when they are not, there is a reaction known as Dry friction (static friction).
The normal force applied between the solid bodies determines how much friction there is, both in static and kinetic terms. Different coefficients of friction are used to represent the interaction of various materials. Hence, this implies that for a given normal force between two substances, certain substances have a stronger resistance to movement than others.
Based on the type of motion between the two objects, the dry frictional force may be classified further as:
Static Frictional Force
Static friction is the amount of resistance that exists between an object and the surface it is resting on. The basic condition for moving an object that is resting on a surface involves applying a force that is greater than the frictional force generated by the surface. Another name for it is limiting frictional force. Static friction includes things like walking, rock climbing, and other activities.
Kinetic Frictional Force
When the box is sliding, kinetic friction develops beyond the point of coming motion. When there is kinetic friction, the normal force between the box and the surface multiplied by the kinetic coefficient of friction will equal the amount of friction force opposing motion. Although it also rests on the two objects in contact, the kinetic coefficient of friction is nearly always less than the static coefficient.
Rolling Frictional Force
Rolling friction is defined as the resistance created when one body is forced to roll across the surface of another. In comparison to kinetic friction, it is considerably less. Some of the applications where rolling friction can be easily seen include roller skates, ball bearings, etc.
Sliding Frictional Force
When one object is dragged across the surface of another, sliding friction results. Compared to static friction, it is weaker. Examples of sliding friction include dragging a block that is kept on the table, writing, playing on a slide, etc.
Fluid Friction
A substance that can flow and can adopt the shape of the container in which it is kept is called a fluid. Fluid friction is the term for the resistance that a liquid or gas offers to a moving object. Hence, in simple words, the frictional force exerted by fluids is called the fluid friction.
The air resistance force or drag force is the term used to describe the frictional force produced by the air. Fluid friction makes it challenging to walk through a pool of water in the middle of a storm.
Fluid Friction Examples
There are many examples of fluid friction around the daily life of a common being. Some of these examples are as follows:
- Lubrication of hinges in doors, machines, or anything else is the most common example of Fluid friction, where we use lubricants (fluids with less frictional coefficient) to ensure the smooth operation of the hinges in doors or machines.
- A flying paper plane is also an example of fluid friction, as without the frictional force acting on it by air it can't sustain its flight in the air. If we try to fly a paper plane in the vacuum chamber, it won't be able to fly at all.
- The working of parachutes is another example of fluid friction, where we leverage the concept to make the world a better place.
Frictional Force Examples
Frictional Forces are an essential part of our daily life without these we can't even able to walk properly. Some of these different real-life examples of different types of frictional force experiences are as follows:
Sliding a Sledge
Sliding a sledge over an icy surface is a good example of Sliding friction. The amount of friction between an object and the surface is reduced by the ice that has been deposited on the land or ground. The lack of friction on the surface makes objects on it easily slide and slid, that's why it slides efficiently on snow or sand but not on concrete.
Walking
Walking is only possible when there is a sufficient amount of force of friction between the ground and the feet. As frictional force is a contact force, it can only exist between the points of the intersection. If there is any substance with less coefficient of friction, then walking becomes hard as the frictional force between the ground and the feet decreases.
Climbing
A force that tends to resist the climber's ability to move on the rock can be felt when they do. The frictional force is the term given to this force. Rock climbing depends on friction to create a secure hold between the climber's feet or hands and the rock's surface. It helps climb the rock and keeps the climber's hands and feet from slipping.
Rubbing Hands
Sliding friction is illustrated by rubbing hands together. A force that opposes this motion of the hands is activated when they brush against one another. The frictional force is the force resisting motion that is exerted in a direction that is counter to the direction that the hands are moving, and it is what creates heat energy.
Also, Read
Solved Problems on Frictional Force
Problem 1: A box of mass 5 kg is being pushed along a horizontal surface with a force of 20 N. The coefficient of friction between the box and the surface is 0.2. Calculate the frictional force acting on the box.
Solution:
The frictional force can be calculated using the formula
i.e., Ffriction = µ × N
Since the box is on a horizontal surface, the normal force acting on it is equal to its weight,
N = 5 x 9.8 = 49 N.
Thus, frictional force = 0.2 x 49 N = 9.8 N
Problem 2: What is the minimum force required to move a 10Kg box which is placed on a flat surface with a coefficient of static friction of 0.5?
Answer:
The minimum amount of force required to move a box is equal to the static friction.
i.e., Fs = μsN
where μs is the coefficient of static friction and N is the normal force.
N = mg = 10 × 9.8 = 98 N
Therefore, Fs = 0.5 × 98 N = 49 N.
The minimum force required to start moving the box is slightly larger than F_s, so we'll apply a force of 50 N.
Problem 3: A car of mass 1000 kg is moving on a flat road. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the tires of the car and the road is 0.3. Calculate the force required to maintain a constant speed of 20 m/s.
Solution:
The force required to maintain a constant speed is equal and opposite to the frictional force acting on the car.
The frictional force can be calculated using the formula,
i.e., Ffriction = µ × N
Since the car is on a flat road, the normal force acting on it is equal to its weight,
N = 1000 x 9.8 = 9800 N.
Thus, frictional force = 0.3 x 9800 N = 2940 N.
Hence, the force required to maintain a constant speed of 20 m/s is 2940 N and direction of this force is opposite direction to the frictional force.
Problem 4: A block of mass 10 kg is placed on a horizontal surface with a coefficient of friction of 0.2. If a force of 50 N is applied to the block, what is the acceleration of the block? (Use g = 10 m/s2)
Solution:
Given m = 10 Kg, µ = 0.2 and Applied force = 50 N
The normal force is equal to the weight of the block,
i.e., N = m x g = 10 x 10 = 100 N
Thus, Frictional force = µ × N = 0.2 x 100 N = 20 N
Since there is a force of 50 N acting on the block, the net force is:
Net force = 50 N - 20 N = 30 N
The acceleration of the block can be calculated using the formula:
Net force = mass x acceleration
⇒ Acceleration = Net force / mass = 30 N / 10 kg = 3 m/s2
Therefore, the acceleration of the block is 3 m/s2.
Practice Problems on Frictional Force
1. A 1000 kg car is parked on a flat road. If the coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.75, what is the maximum force that can be applied horizontally to the car before it starts to move?
2. A 50 kg box is sliding on a horizontal surface with a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.2. If a horizontal force of 100 N is applied to the box, what will be its acceleration?
3. A 200 g book is initially resting on a wooden table with a coefficient of static friction of 0.4. If the table is gradually tilted, at what angle (in degrees) will the book start to slide?
4. A 500 N block is placed on an inclined plane with an angle of 30 degrees. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the plane is 0.3. Calculate the net force acting on the block parallel to the inclined plane if it is moving at a constant velocity.
5. A 10 kg block is hanging from a rope over a pulley. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is 0.2. If the block is released from rest, what will be its acceleration?
Similar Reads
CBSE Class 8 Science Notes 2023-24 CBSE Class 8 Science Notes 2023-24 is a comprehensive guide for CBSE Class 8 students. The Class 8 syllabus is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in the basic principles of science, including Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, and to encourage them to think scientifically. Our CBSE
15+ min read
Chapter 1 - Crop Production and Management
Agricultural Practices - Planting, Irrigation, Weeding, Harvesting, StorageThe number of inhabitants in India generally relies upon farming, and it isn't just barely a method for work yet an approach to everyday life. The Government of India is consistently fostering the rural area by outlining new regulations, executing current innovations, and so on. In India, the Whole
9 min read
Basic Practices of Crop ProductionBasic practice of crop production involves several key steps and considerations to ensure successful cultivation.  Crops are plants that are grown on a large scale from the same variety. Agriculture is the practice of cultivating crops. The basic practice of crop production involves selecting suitab
10 min read
Preparation of SoilSoil is a critical natural resource. Soil is the earth's thin surface layer composed of mineral particles formed by the breakdown (weathering) of rocks, decayed organic materials, living organisms, water, and air. Soil formation occurs through a variety of processes, including weathering of rocks an
6 min read
Agricultural Implements and ToolsCrops are plants that are grown and harvested by farmers for profit or subsistence. Crops are essential for the survival of both animals and humans. Agriculture is the branch of science that deals with the study of crop cultivation and cattle rearing. Crops are harvested and used as food for humans
8 min read
Sowing - Definition and Methods of Planting SeedsAround 70 - 80 percent of the total populace rehearses agribusiness. There are sure boundaries and different rural practices, which should have been followed for good quality and amount of harvest creation. Crops are plants developed by ranchers. Horticulture assumes a vital part of the Indian econo
7 min read
Irrigation - Definition, Types, Methods, SignificanceHorticulture is the science, which primarily manages the assorted cycles or the strategies utilized for developing various assortments of plants and animals cultivating or creature farming based on human prerequisites. At the point when plants of a similar assortment are developed for a huge scope,
7 min read
Crop Protection and WeedingCrop protection is a generic strategy or technique for defending crop yields against a variety of species, such as pests, weeds, plant diseases, and other creatures that harm crops. In addition to weeds, tiny creatures like rodents, mites, insects, pests, disease-causing diseases, and regularlyattac
5 min read
HarvestingHarvesting of crops involves the process of gathering mature crops from the fields. It is a critical step in agriculture that ensures the crops are collected at their peak quality and stored properly to prevent spoilage and loss. The process can be done by either harvesting machines or by skilled wo
6 min read
Storage of Grains - Overview, Importance, Affecting FactorsMan has been storing grains and other products for a long time. It is ever worry for man to hold food supply to mitigate hunger in the time ahead. Storage of grain and control of quality happen in three areas; the farm area, the collection point area, and the terminal point area where grain is proce
14 min read
Food Sources - Food from Plants and AnimalsFood sources are broadly categorized into plant-based and animal-based origins. Plant-based foods include fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, providing essential nutrients such as vitamins, fiber, and antioxidants. Animal-based foods encompass meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs,
11 min read
Animal Husbandry - Types and AdvantagesAgriculture is a branch of science that primarily focuses on the many procedures or techniques used to raise various plant species and care for animals' human needs. In India, agriculture is practised by over 70% of the people. To ensure maximum output in the fields, crop production and management a
5 min read
NCERT Notes Class 8 Science Chapter - 1: Crop Production and ManagementNCERT Notes for Class 8 Science Chapter 1: Crop Production and Management: Crop production and management is a crucial aspect of agriculture. It involves the methods and techniques used to cultivate crops and ensure their proper growth, to obtain maximum yield. The process of crop production and man
12 min read
Chapter 2 - Microorganisms: Friend and Foe
Where do Microorganisms Live?Microorganisms are cosmopolitan i.e. they are found everywhere. Microorganisms are present everywhere and they can survive in all types of environments. They are also present in the bodies of different animals and plants. Some microorganisms are useful for plants, animals, and humans, whereas others
6 min read
Medicinal Use of Microorganisms - CBSE Class 8Medicinal Uses of Microorganisms include the production of antibiotics and vaccines, vitamins and minerals supplements, etc. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae play a vital role in medicines for humans, plants, and animals. Some microbes are harmful whereas some microbes are useful to
4 min read
Increasing Soil Fertility and Cleaning the Environment - NCERTIf we look at the water droplets in a pond under a microscope, we will see many small round structures. These tiny creatures are known as microbes or microbes. They are all around us and are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Microorganisms are classified into four groups:Protozoa: Protozoa ar
3 min read
Disease causing Microorganisms in Humans - Notes Class 8Disease-causing microorganisms in humans can be of different types such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, etc. They enter the bodies of humans, plants, and animals, where they find hosts to inhabit. They rely on the host for nutrition. They start to multiply inside the host or human body and af
6 min read
Disease Causing By Microorganisms in Animals and in PlantsMicroorganisms are tiny living entities that cannot be observed with the naked eye. Some of these, called pathogens, have the potential to cause diseases. Depending on their nature, microorganisms can be either advantageous or detrimental to animals and plants. While some microbes assist in their gr
4 min read
Food Preservation - Definition, Importance and MethodsFood preservation is a smart method that has been employed since ancient times. Food is an essential requirement for living beings to exist. But food items perish very quickly. Our ancestors used basic items like salt and sugar to preserve food. Modern times use chemical methods and preservatives to
6 min read
Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrogen MetabolismNitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) or related compounds. This process is primarily carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, either in symbiotic relationships with plants or free-living in the soil. Abiotic processes, like lightning and industr
5 min read
Nitrogen CycleNitrogen cycle is the natural process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted into various usable forms, like ammonia and nitrates, by bacteria for plant and animal consumption and then returned to the atmosphere through decomposition and denitrification, maintaining the nutrient balance in ecosy
6 min read
NCERT Notes Class 8 Science Chapter 2: Microorganisms: Friend and FoeNCERT Notes for Class 8 Science Chapter-2: Microorganisms: Friend and Foe: Organisms that can be seen only through a microscope are known as Microorganisms or Microbes. These microorganisms are so small in size that they cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Some of these, such as the fungus that gro
6 min read
Chapter 3- Coal And Petroleum
Chapter 4 - Combustion And Flame
What is Combustion? and Types of Combustion - NCERT Class-8 NotesCombustion is a chemical process that involves the rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen, releasing heat and light. The substance that reacts is called the fuel, and the source of oxygen is called the oxidizer. The fuel can be a solid, liquid, or gas, but it is usually a liquid or gas. The oxidi
8 min read
What is Flame and Structure of Flame - NCERT Class-8 NotesWhat is Flame and Structure of a Flame - NCERT Class-8 Notes: A flame is the visible part of a fire. It is a hot, glowing gas that produces light and heat. Flames are usually caused by a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizer. The fuel is typically a hydrocarbon, such as wood, gas, or oil.
7 min read
What is a Fuel? and Effects of Burning Fuels - NCERT Class-8 NotesWhat is a Fuel? and Fuel Efficiency Burning of Fuels Leads to Harmful Products- Class 8 NCERT Revision Notes: Fuel is a substance that releases energy when burned. Fuels are used to power vehicles, generate electricity, and heat homes and businesses. There are many different types of fuels, includin
8 min read
Chapter 5 - Conservation of Plants and Animals
What are the Consequences of Deforestation?Deforestation involves the large-scale removal of forests, leading to habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity. It increases greenhouse gas emissions, contributing significantly to climate change. The removal of trees causes soil erosion and degrades soil fertility, impacting agriculture. It can
6 min read
Conservation of Forest and WildlifeConservation of Forests and Wildlife is important as humans have vastly altered the Earth's flora and fauna. Wildlife contributes significantly to the stability of our environment by being directly or indirectly involved in natural processes. Each living organism is equally important in the food cha
9 min read
Biosphere Reserve - Zones and Their ImportanceBiosphere Reserves are protected areas that aim to conserve the biodiversity of a particular region while promoting sustainable development. The biosphere reserve zones are the core area, buffer zone, and transition zone. There are 18 biosphere reserves in India. Examples of biosphere reserves in th
6 min read
What is Flora and Fauna?Life in Temperate grasslands is described as having grasses as the prevailing vegetation. Trees and huge bushes are missing. Temperatures differ more from summer to winter, and how much precipitation is less in calm prairies Temperate grasslands have sweltering summers and cold winters. Precipitatio
4 min read
Endemic Species - Characteristics, Types and ExamplesSpecies that are exclusive to one area and not found anywhere else in the world are known as endemic species. As an illustration, Polar bears are unique to polar regions and are not found anywhere else in the globe. When they were in captivity, people introduced them, which is why they have occasion
7 min read
Wildlife SanctuaryThe wildlife sanctuary is a protected land area for the conservation and preservation of wildlife and their natural habitats. These areas are established to provide a protected environment, where various plant and animal species can thrive without any human disturbance. These wildlife sanctuaries ha
7 min read
National ParkFor the conservation of plants and animals, there are widely available biospheres, sanctuaries, and national parks across the world. The biosphere is the area of the world where there are living things that can support life. The term "biosphere reserve" refers to a larger protected area that aims to
5 min read
Migration in Animals, Birds, and FishesMigration, in biology, is the movement of animals from one location to another. Animals migrate looking for resources such as food, water, or favorable reproductive grounds. It is a common behavior seen in many species, including fish, birds, insects, and mammals. There are many types of migration l
6 min read
NCERT Notes for Class 8 Recycling of PaperThe conservation of plants and animals is crucial, therefore taking care of the same can save our ecosystem and can make it more sustainable and healthier for further generations. Recycling paper is one of the useful ways to contribute to this cause. We find waste matters on a large scale, recycling
3 min read
ReforestationWithout woods, life on Earth would not be possible. As the planet's lungs, the forests and oceans play a critical role in the fight against climate change by absorbing 20 billion tonnes of CO2 annually. The principal gas that causes the greenhouse effect and is mostly to blame for global warming is
10 min read
Red Data BookRed Data Book, back in history between 1961 and 1964, came into existence due to a search conducted by a Russian biologist. It is a Russian-origin name of a publication that deals particularly with endangered biological species. It provides complete information from a research point of view of all t
6 min read
NCERT Notes for Class 8 Science Chapter 5: Conservation of Plants and AnimalsNCERT Notes for Class 8 Science Chapter - 5: Conservation of Plants and Animals: Plants and animals play integral roles in sustaining life on Earth. They contribute to vital ecological processes such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and maintaining the overall health of ecosystems. However, human a
9 min read
Chapter 6 - Reproduction In Animals
Chapter 7- Reaching The Age Of Adolescence
Difference Between Adolescence and PubertyUnderstanding the difference between adolescence and puberty is important for grasping human development. Adolescence refers to the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood, encompassing physical, psychological, and social changes. Puberty, a key aspect of adolescence, involves biological chan
6 min read
Role of Hormones in Initiating Reproductive FunctionReaching adolescence is a critical stage of human development that brings significant physical and emotional changes. One of the most prominent changes that occur during this period is the activation of reproductive function, which is primarily regulated by hormones. Hormones are chemicals that act
7 min read
How Reproduction is Happening in Humans?Humans are sexually reproducing organisms. They produce gametes containing genetic material that form the zygote and develop into offspring. The process of reproduction in humans includes the development of gametes (gametogenesis), which are sperm cells in males and egg cells in females, the transfe
7 min read
HormonesGrowing up is a normal part of life. Adolescence is the stage of life when the body undergoes changes that lead to reproductive maturity. Around age 11, adolescence begins, and it lasts until 18 or 19. Adolescents are also referred to as 'teenagers' because this period encompasses the 'teens' (13 to
7 min read
Role of Hormones in Completing the Life History of Insects and FrogsThe role of hormones in completing the life history of insects and frogs involves regulating developmental stages such as metamorphosis, growth, reproduction, and behaviour. The hormones are chemical messengers that play an important role in the life cycle of insects and frogs.In frogs, the hormone
7 min read
Reaching The Age Of Adolescence - Reproductive HealthAdolescence, derived from the Latin adolescere, which means "to grow up," is a stage of physical and psychological human development that generally occurs between puberty and legal adulthood (age of majority). Adolescence is most closely associated with the adolescent years, though its physical, psy
10 min read
NCERT Notes Science for Class 8 Chapter - 7: Reaching The Age of AdolescenceNCERT Notes for Class 8 Science Chapter - 7: Reaching The Age of Adolescence: Growing up is a natural process. Growth begins from the day one is born. But upon crossing the age of 10 or 11, there is a sudden spurt in growth which becomes noticeable. The changes taking place in the body are part of g
7 min read
Chapter 8 - Force And Pressure
Push and Pull ForceA push force or pull force is a force upon an object arising from the object's or body’s interaction with another object. A push or pull only exists as a result of an interaction, like when a body, an object or a material is either pushed or pulled, which is termed as a force. A force due to action
11 min read
Interaction of ForcesBefore we explore how force can affect the state of motion of a body, let’s first look at what force is. Force is an interaction between two or more bodies that, when unopposed, causes a change in the state of motion of an object.By the definition of force, it is clear that force is something that c
9 min read
Exploring ForcesA force is a push or pull upon a body of any mass resulting from the body's interaction with another body. Whenever there is an interaction between two bodies, there is a force upon each of the bodies. This article will discuss what force is, exploring forces, types of forces, and the effect of forc
5 min read
Change in State of MotionIn science, a push or pull of an entity is identified as a Force. The interaction between two objects arises from the force. Force has both magnitude and direction. The strength of a force is articulated in magnitude. Force brings about an altar in the direction or state of motion of a body. Charact
11 min read
Contact and Non Contact ForcesContact and Non-Contact Forces are the two main types of forces. Contact Force is a force that acts between objects in contact with each other. For example, Contact force can be experienced when an object is sliding on a surface, due to frictional force. However, Non-Contact Force does not require a
7 min read
What is Pressure?Have you ever thought about why a needle is so thin, why fence spikes are pointed, or why a hammer's head is flat? It’s all about pressure. Pressure is the force applied to a specific area. A needle’s sharp tip concentrates the force, allowing it to easily pierce fabric. If it were blunt, the force
7 min read
Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the air above a given point on Earth's surface. It is a crucial aspect of atmospheric science and has various implications for weather, aviation, and everyday life. Atmospheric Pressure is about 1.01325 Pascal at sea level. Our body itself i
13 min read
Chapter 9 - Friction