The Objective-C language is developed on top of C Programming. The operator in Objective-C is the same as the C language operators. It is primarily used in developing iOS and MacOS operating systems and software applications for iOS. Operators are used to forming a mathematical expression using variables. To perform an operation on a variable we used an operator. An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler which operation to perform. For example, c = a + b, here +, = is the operator and a, b, and c are operands. an operator is used to perform operations on operands.
Types of Operators in Objective-C
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators or Comparison operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Assignment Operators
- other/Misc Operators
Arithmetic Operators
To perform arithmetic/mathematical operations on operands. We used Arithmetic Operators. i.e. addition(+), subtraction(-), Multiplication(*), Division(/), etc.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|
| + | Perform the addition of two operands
| int a=5, b=7, c;
c = a + b ; // c=12 |
| – | Perform the subtraction of two operands | int a=5, b=7, c;
c = a – b ; // c=-2 |
| * | Perform the multiplication of two operands
| int a=5, b=7, c;
c = a * b ; // c=35 |
| / | Perform the division operation numerator by the denominator
| int a=20, b=5, c;
c = a / b ; // c=4 |
| % | Perform the division and return the remainder
| int a=20, b=5, c;
c = a % b ; // c=0 |
| ++ | Increment operand value by 1
| int a=5;
a++; // after increment a=6 |
| — | Decrement operand value by 1
| int a=6;
a–; // after decrement a=5 |
Example:
ObjectiveC
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
int n1 = 5, n2 = 3;
NSLog(@"ADDITION = %d\n", (n1+n2));
NSLog(@"SUBTRACTION = %d\n", (n1-n2));
NSLog(@"MULTIPLICATION = %d\n", (n1*n2));
NSLog(@"DIVISION = %d\n", (n1/n2));
NSLog(@"MODULUS = %d\n", (n1%n2));
NSLog(@"INCREMENT = %d\n", n1++);
NSLog(@"DECREMENT = %d\n", n1--);
[pool drain];
return 0;
}
|
Output:
2022-12-10 17:35:46.749 jdoodle[25:25] ADDITION = 8
2022-12-10 17:35:46.750 jdoodle[25:25] SUBTRACTION = 2
2022-12-10 17:35:46.750 jdoodle[25:25] MULTIPLICATION = 15
2022-12-10 17:35:46.750 jdoodle[25:25] DIVISION = 1
2022-12-10 17:35:46.750 jdoodle[25:25] MODULUS = 2
2022-12-10 17:35:46.750 jdoodle[25:25] INCREMENT = 5
2022-12-10 17:35:46.750 jdoodle[25:25] DECREMENT = 6
Relational Operators
Relational operators or Comparison operators are used for the comparison of two values and finding the difference between two values. i.e Equals to ( == ), Greater than ( > ), Less than ( < ) and etc.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|
| == | Comparing the values of two operands are equal or not if equal then the condition becomes true else becomes false. | int a=5,b=7;
(a==b) // false |
| != | Comparing the values of two operands are equal or not if values are not the same, then the condition becomes true else becomes false.
| int a=5, b=7
(A!= B) // True |
| > | Compare the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand. if the greater value, then the condition becomes true else becomes false.
| int a=7,b =5;
(a>b) // true |
| < | Compare the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand. if less value, then the condition becomes true else becomes false.
| int a=5,b=7;
(a<b) // true |
| >= | Compare the value of the left operand to is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand. if a greater or equal value, then the condition becomes true else becomes false. | int a=7,b =7;
(a>=b) // true |
| <= | Compare the value of the left operand to is less than or equal to the value of the right operand; if less or equal value, then the condition becomes true else becomes false.
| int a=5,b=5;
(a<=b) // true |
Example:
ObjectiveC
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
int n1 = 5, n2 = 3;
NSLog(@"Equal = %d\n", (n1==n2));
NSLog(@"NOT Equal = %d\n", (n1!=n2));
NSLog(@"LESS THAN = %d\n", (n1<n2));
NSLog(@"GREATER THAN = %d\n", (n1>n2));
NSLog(@"LESS THAN EQUALS = %d\n", (n1>=n2));
NSLog(@"GREATER THAN EQUALS = %d\n", (n1<=n2));
[pool drain];
return 0;
}
|
Output:
2022-12-06 15:46:26.041 a.out[1072:1072] Equal = 0
2022-12-06 15:46:26.043 a.out[1072:1072] NOT Equal = 1
2022-12-06 15:46:26.043 a.out[1072:1072] LESS THAN = 0
2022-12-06 15:46:26.043 a.out[1072:1072] GREATER THAN = 1
2022-12-06 15:46:26.043 a.out[1072:1072] LESS THAN EQUALS = 1
2022-12-06 15:46:26.043 a.out[1072:1072] GREATER THAN EQUALS = 0
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to perform logical operations on operands. it returns either 0 or 1.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|
| && | If both the conditions are true then the condition becomes true. | (1 && 1) // true
(1 && 0) // false
(0 && 1) // false
(0 && 0) // false |
| || | If any one condition is true out of two conditions then the condition becomes true | (1 || 1) // true
(1 || 0) // true
(0 || 1) // true
(0 || 0) // false |
| ! | If the condition is true it will return false and vice versa. | !(1 && 1) // false
!(1 && 0) // true
!(0 && 1) // true
!(0 && 0) // true |
Example:
ObjectiveC
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
int n1 = 1, n2 = 1;
NSLog(@"LOGICAL AND = %d\n", (n1&&n2));
NSLog(@"LOGICAL OR = %d\n", (n1||n2));
NSLog(@"LOGICAL NOT = %d\n", (!n1));
[pool drain];
return 0;
}
|
Output:
2022-12-06 16:01:31.808 a.out[1514:1514] LOGICAL AND = 1
2022-12-06 16:01:31.812 a.out[1514:1514] LOGICAL OR = 1
2022-12-06 16:01:31.812 a.out[1514:1514] LOGICAL NOT = 0
Bitwise Operators
The bitwise operators are used to perform the operations on the bit level of operands. When we perform bitwise operations, It consists of two digits, either 0 or 1. It is mainly used for reduced heavy mathematical operations.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|
| & | Perform the AND operation between bits of both operands.
| int a=5,b=7;
(a & b) // 0101 i.e. 5 |
| | | Perform the OR operation between bits of both operands.
| int a=5,b=7;
(a | b) // 0111 i.e. 7 |
| ^ | Perform the XOR operation between bits of both operands.
| int a=5,b=7;
(a ^ b) // 0010 2 |
| ~ | Perform the Ones’ complement of the operand (complementing bits).
| int a=5;
~a // 1010 10 |
| << | Shifting bits of the left operand to the left side by the right operand value
| int a=5;
a << 2 // 10100 i.e. 20 |
| >> | Shifting bits of the left operand to the right side by the right operand value.
| a >> 2 // 001 i.e. 1 |
Example:
ObjectiveC
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
int n1 = 5, n2 = 9;
NSLog(@"Bitwise AND(n1&n2) = %d\n", (n1&n2));
NSLog(@"Bitwise OR(n1|n2) = %d\n", (n1|n2));
NSLog(@"LEFT SHIFT(n2<<2) = %d\n", (n2<<2));
NSLog(@"RIGHT SHIFT(n2>>2) = %d\n", (n2>>2));
NSLog(@"XOR(n1^n2) = %d\n", (n1^n2));
NSLog(@"ONCE COMPLIMENT(~n1) = %d\n", (~n1));
[pool drain];
return 0;
}
|
Output:
2022-12-06 16:26:01.001 a.out[1091:1091] Bitwise AND(n1&n2) = 1
2022-12-06 16:26:01.005 a.out[1091:1091] Bitwise OR(n1|n2) = 13
2022-12-06 16:26:01.005 a.out[1091:1091] LEFT SHIFT(n2<<2) = 36
2022-12-06 16:26:01.005 a.out[1091:1091] RIGHT SHIFT(n2>>2) = 2
2022-12-06 16:26:01.005 a.out[1091:1091] XOR(n1^n2) = 12
2022-12-06 16:26:01.005 a.out[1091:1091] ONCE COMPLIMENT(~n1) = -6
Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign value to an operand/variable. The left side is the operand and the right side is the value of that operand which assign using the assignment operator (=).
| Operator | Description |
|---|
| = | Assign values from right-side operands to the left-side operand. |
| += | Perform the addition of the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand. |
| -= | Perform subtraction of the right operand from the left operand and assign the result to the left operand. |
| *= | Perform the multiplication of the right operand with the left operand and assign the result to the left operand. |
| /= | Perform the division of the left operand with the right operand and assign the result to the left operand. |
| %= | Perform the division of the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result i.e. remainder to the left operand. |
| <<= | Left shift & assignment operator. |
| >>= | Right shift & assignment operator. |
| &= | Bitwise AND & assignment operator. |
Example:
ObjectiveC
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
int n1 = 20;
int n2;
n2 = n1;
NSLog(@"ASSIGN(=)= %d\n", n2);
n1 += n2;
NSLog(@"SHORT HAND ADDITION(+=)= %d\n", n1);
n1 -= n2;
NSLog(@"SHORT HAND SUBTRACTION(-=)= %d\n", n1);
n1 *= n2;
NSLog(@"SHORT HAND MULTIPLICATION= %d\n", n1);
n1 /= n2;
NSLog(@"SHORT HAND DIVISION(/=)= %d\n", n1);
n1 = 100;
n1 %= n2;
NSLog(@"n1 MOD n2(%=)= %d\n", n1);
n1 &= 2;
NSLog(@"SHORT HAND BITWISE AND(&=)= %d\n", n1);
n1 ^= 2;
NSLog(@"SHORT HAND XOR(^=)= %d\n", n1);
n1 |= 2;
NSLog(@"SHORT HAND BITWISE OR(|=)= %d\n", n1);
n1 <<= 2;
NSLog(@"SHORT HAND LEFT SHIFT(<<=)= %d\n", n1);
n1 >>= 2;
NSLog(@"SHORT HAND RIGHT SHIFT(>>=)= %d\n", n1);
[pool drain];
return 0;
}
|
Output:
2022-12-06 16:44:09.028 a.out[4481:4481] ASSIGN(=)= 20
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] SHORT HAND ADDITION(+=)= 40
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] SHORT HAND SUBTRACTION(-=)= 20
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] SHORT HAND MULTIPLICATION= 400
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] SHORT HAND DIVISION(/=)= 20
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] n1 MOD n2(%=)= 0
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] SHORT HAND BITWISE ANS(&=)= 0
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] SHORT HAND XOR(^=)= 2
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] SHORT HAND BITWISE OR(|=)= 2
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] SHORT HAND LEFT SHIFT(<<=)= 8
2022-12-06 16:44:09.031 a.out[4481:4481] SHORT HAND RIGHT SHIFT(>>=)= 2
Misc Operators or Special Operators
These operators are special operators provided by the programming language that is used to perform a specific task.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|
| sizeof() | The in-built function returns the size of a variable.
| int a=10;
sizeof(a); // 4byte |
| & | It returns the address of a variable.
| &a // address of a will return |
| * | (asterisks) Used to create pointer variable. | int a=10;
int *b = &a; |
| ?: | Conditional Expression. Alternate of simple if else statement.
| int number1 = 5, number2 = 10, max;
// max = 10
max = (number1 > number2) ? number1 : number2; |
Example:
ObjectiveC
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
int num1 = 7;
int res = 0;
int *ptr;
NSLog(@"Size of num1(int)= %d\n", sizeof(num1));
ptr = &num1;
NSLog(@"num1 = %d\n", num1);
NSLog(@"*ptr = %d\n", *ptr);
int a = 12;
res = (a == 10) ? 1: 0;
NSLog(@"Answer = %d\n", res);
res = (a == 12) ? 1: 0;
NSLog(@"Answer = %d\n", res);
[pool drain];
return 0;
}
|
Output:
2022-12-06 17:05:01.804 a.out[248:248] Size of num1(int)= 4
2022-12-06 17:05:01.805 a.out[248:248] num1 = 7
2022-12-06 17:05:01.805 a.out[248:248] *ptr = 7
2022-12-06 17:05:01.805 a.out[248:248] Answer = 0
2022-12-06 17:05:01.805 a.out[248:248] Answer = 1
Operators Precedence
Operator precedence tells which operation is performed first in an expression according to their priority and Associativity. Associativity is only used when there are two or more operators are present in the same expression. For example, m = 5 – 2 / 2, so here m is assigned with 4, not 1 because the / operator has high precedence than -. So first we divide 2/2 and then subtract 5-1.
All operators with the same precedence have the same associativity. Associativity can be either Left to Right or Right to Left. The following table shows the operator precedence:
| Operator | Associativity |
|---|
| () [] -> . ++ – – () | Left to right |
| + – ! ~ ++ – – (type)* & sizeof() | Right to left |
| * / % | Left to right |
| << >> | Left to right |
| == != | Left to right |
| ^ | | Left to right |
| && || | Left to right |
| ?: | Right to left |
| = += -= *= /= %=>>= <<= &= ^= |= | Right to left |
| , (comma) | Left to right |
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