| Language | JavaScript | Python | Java |
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| Type | Runtime environment | Full-stack framework | Framework / Ecosystem |
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| Architecture | Event-driven, non-blocking I/O | MTV (Model-Template-View) | MVC, layered architecture, microservices support |
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| Performance | High concurrency, non-blocking, fast I/O | Moderate, synchronous by default | High, optimized for enterprise-scale applications |
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| Scalability | Excellent for I/O-heavy apps, microservices | Good, vertical and horizontal scaling possible | Excellent, built for enterprise and cloud-native apps |
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| Built-in Features | Minimal, relies on npm packages | Full-featured: ORM, authentication, admin panel, forms | Rich ecosystem: DI, MVC, security, Spring Boot, Spring Cloud |
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| Popular Use Cases | APIs, real-time apps, microservices, IoT | Web apps, dashboards, admin tools, data-driven apps | Enterprise apps, banking, fintech, large-scale web apps |
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| Deployment & DevOps | Flexible, Node servers, Docker, serverless | WSGI/ASGI servers, Docker, cloud platforms | JVM-based deployment, Spring Boot apps, Kubernetes, cloud-ready |
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