Minimum number of steps required to reach origin from a given point

Given two integers A and B representing coordinates of a point in the first quadrant, the task is to find the minimum number of steps required to reach the origin. All possible moves from a point (i, j) are (i - 1, j), (i, j - 1) or (i, j) (staying at the same position). 
Note: It is not allowed to move in the same direction twice in a row.

Examples:

Input: A = 4, B = 0
Output: 7
Explanation:
Below are the movements from the given points to origin:
(4, 0) ? (3, 0) ? (3, 0)(stays) ? (2, 0) ? (2, 0)(stays) ? (1, 0) ? (1, 0)(stays) ? (0, 0).
Hence, 7 moves are required to reach origin.

Input: A = 3, B = 5
Output: 9
Explanation:
Below are the movements from the given points to origin:
(3, 5) ? (3, 4) ? (2, 4) ? (2, 3) ? (1, 3) ? (1, 2) ? (0, 2) ? (0, 1) ? (0, 1)(stays) ? (0, 0).
Hence, 9 moves are required to reach origin.

Naive Approach: The simplest approach is to recursion. The idea is to recursively consider all possible moves from each point and for each of them, calculate the minimum number of steps required to reach the origin. 
Time Complexity: O(3^{max(A, B)})
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Efficient Approach: To optimize the above approach, the idea is based on the observation that if the absolute difference between the x and y coordinates is 1 or 0, then the minimum number of steps required to reach the origin is (a + b). Otherwise, it takes (2 * abs(a - b) - 1) moves to reach (k, k), where k is the minimum of a, b.

Therefore, the minimum number of steps required to reach origin from (a, b) is equal to = (Steps required to reach (k, k) + Steps required to reach (0, 0) from (k, k)) = (2 * abs(a - b) - 1) + (2 * k)

Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

• Initialize a variable, ans, which stores the minimum number of steps required to reach origin from (a, b).
• If the absolute difference of a and b is 1 or 0, then update ans to (a + b).
• Otherwise:
  • Find the minimum of a, b, and store it in a variable k.
  • Using the formula, update ans = (2 * abs(a - b) - 1) + (2 * k).
• After completing the above steps, print the value of ans as the result.

Below is the implementation for the above approach:

// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to find the minimum moves
// required to reach origin from (a, b)
void findMinMoves(int a, int b)
{
    // Stores the minimum number of moves
    int ans = 0;

    // Check if the absolute
    // difference is 1 or 0
    if (a == b || abs(a - b) == 1) {
        ans = a + b;
    }

    else {

        // Store the minimum of a, b
        int k = min(a, b);

        // Store the maximum of a, b
        int j = max(a, b);

        ans = 2 * k + 2 * (j - k) - 1;
    }

    // Print the answer
    cout << ans;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given co-ordinates
    int a = 3, b = 5;

    // Function Call
    findMinMoves(a, b);

    return 0;
}

// Java program for the above approach
import java.io.*;
class GFG 
{
  
  // Function to find the minimum moves
  // required to reach origin from (a, b)
  static void findMinMoves(int a, int b)
  {

    // Stores the minimum number of moves
    int ans = 0;

    // Check if the absolute
    // difference is 1 or 0
    if (a == b || Math.abs(a - b) == 1)
    {
      ans = a + b;
    }

    else 
    {

      // Store the minimum of a, b
      int k = Math.min(a, b);

      // Store the maximum of a, b
      int j = Math.max(a, b);
      ans = 2 * k + 2 * (j - k) - 1;
    }

    // Print the answer
    System.out.print(ans);
  }

  // Driver Code
  public static void main (String[] args) 
  {
    
    // Given co-ordinates
    int a = 3, b = 5;

    // Function Call
    findMinMoves(a, b);
  }
}

// This code is contributed by Dharanendra L V.

# Python3 program for the above approach

# function to find the minimum moves
# required to reach origin from (a, b)
def findMinMoves(a, b):
  
    # Stores the minimum number of moves
    ans = 0

    # Check if the absolute
    # difference is 1 or 0
    if (a == b or abs(a - b) == 1):
        ans = a + b
    else:
        # Store the minimum of a, b
        k = min(a, b)

        # Store the maximum of a, b
        j = max(a, b)
        ans = 2 * k + 2 * (j - k) - 1

    # Print the answer
    print (ans)

# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
  
    # Given co-ordinates
    a,b = 3, 5

    # Function Call
    findMinMoves(a, b)

    # This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29.

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
class GFG
{

  // Function to find the minimum moves
  // required to reach origin from (a, b)
  static void findMinMoves(int a, int b)
  {

    // Stores the minimum number of moves
    int ans = 0;

    // Check if the absolute
    // difference is 1 or 0
    if (a == b || Math.Abs(a - b) == 1)
    {
      ans = a + b;
    }

    else 
    {

      // Store the minimum of a, b
      int k = Math.Min(a, b);

      // Store the maximum of a, b
      int j = Math.Max(a, b);
      ans = 2 * k + 2 * (j - k) - 1;
    }

    // Print the answer
    Console.Write(ans);
  }

  // Driver Code
  public static void Main()
  {
    // Given co-ordinates
    int a = 3, b = 5;

    // Function Call
    findMinMoves(a, b);
  }
}

// This code is contributed by chitranayal.

<script>

// JavaScript program to implement the above approach

// Function to find the minimum moves
// required to reach origin from (a, b)
function findMinMoves(a, b)
{
    // Stores the minimum number of moves
    let ans = 0;

    // Check if the absolute
    // difference is 1 or 0
    if (a == b || Math.abs(a - b) == 1) {
        ans = a + b;
    }

    else {

        // Store the minimum of a, b
        let k = Math.min(a, b);

        // Store the maximum of a, b
        let j = Math.max(a, b);

        ans = 2 * k + 2 * (j - k) - 1;
    }

    // Print the answer
    document.write(ans);
}


// Driver Code

    // Given co-ordinates
    let a = 3, b = 5;

    // Function Call
    findMinMoves(a, b);

</script>

9

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)