Mathematical Functions in Python | Set 1 (Numeric Functions)

In python a number of mathematical operations can be performed with ease by importing a module named "math" which defines various functions which makes our tasks easier. 1. ceil() :- This function returns the smallest integral value greater than the number. If number is already integer, same number is returned. 2. floor() :- This function returns the greatest integral value smaller than the number. If number is already integer, same number is returned. 

# Python code to demonstrate the working of 
# ceil() and floor() 

# importing "math" for mathematical operations 
import math 

a = 2.3

# returning the ceil of 2.3 
print ("The ceil of 2.3 is : ", end="") 
print (math.ceil(a)) 

# returning the floor of 2.3 
print ("The floor of 2.3 is : ", end="") 
print (math.floor(a)) 

Output:

The ceil of 2.3 is : 3
The floor of 2.3 is : 2

Time Complexity: O(1)

Auxiliary Space: O(1)

3. fabs() :- This function returns the absolute value of the number. 4. factorial() :- This function returns the factorial of the number. An error message is displayed if number is not integral. 

# Python code to demonstrate the working of 
# fabs() and factorial() 

# importing "math" for mathematical operations 
import math 

a = -10

b= 5

# returning the absolute value. 
print ("The absolute value of -10 is : ", end="") 
print (math.fabs(a)) 

# returning the factorial of 5 
print ("The factorial of 5 is : ", end="") 
print (math.factorial(b)) 

Output:

The absolute value of -10 is : 10.0
The factorial of 5 is : 120

Time Complexity: O(b)

Auxiliary Space: O(1)

5. copysign(a, b) :- This function returns the number with the value of 'a' but with the sign of 'b'. The returned value is float type. 6. gcd() :- This function is used to compute the greatest common divisor of 2 numbers mentioned in its arguments. This function works in python 3.5 and above. 

# Python code to demonstrate the working of 
# copysign() and gcd() 

# importing "math" for mathematical operations 
import math 

a = -10
b = 5.5
c = 15
d = 5

# returning the copysigned value. 
print ("The copysigned value of -10 and 5.5 is : ", end="") 
print (math.copysign(5.5, -10)) 

# returning the gcd of 15 and 5 
print ("The gcd of 5 and 15 is : ", end="") 
print (math.gcd(5,15)) 

Output:

The copysigned value of -10 and 5.5 is : -5.5
The gcd of 5 and 15 is : 5

Time Complexity: O(min(c,d))

Auxiliary Space: O(1)