Longest subarray having average greater than or equal to x
Last Updated :
02 May, 2025
Given an array of integers and an integer x. Find the length of maximum size subarray having an average of integers greater than or equal to x.
Examples:
Input : arr[] = {-2, 1, 6, -3}, x = 3
Output : 2
Longest subarray is {1, 6} having average
3.5 greater than x = 3.
Input : arr[] = {2, -3, 3, 2, 1}, x = 2
Output : 3
Longest subarray is {3, 2, 1} having
average 2 equal to x = 2.
A simple solution is to one by one consider each subarray and find its average. If average is greater than or equal to x, then compare length of subarray with maximum length found so far. Time complexity of this solution is O(n2).
An efficient solution is to use binary search and prefix sum. Let the required Longest subarray be arr[i..j] and its length is l = j-i+1. Thus, mathematically it can be written as:
(Σ (arr[i..j]) / l ) ≥ x
==> (Σ (arr[i..j]) / l) – x ≥ 0
==> (Σ (arr[i..j]) – x*l) / l ≥ 0 …(1)
The equation (1) is equivalent to subtracting x from each element of subarray and then taking average of resultant subarray. So the resultant subarray can be obtained by subtracting x from each element of array. Let the updated subarray is arr1. Equation (1) can be further simplified as:
Σ (arr1[i..j]) / l ≥ 0
==> Σ (arr1[i..j]) ≥ 0 …(2)
Equation (2) is simply Longest subarray having sum greater than or equal to zero. The Longest subarray having sum greater than or equal to zero can be found by method discussed in following article:
Longest subarray having sum greater than k.
The step wise algo is:
- Subtract x from each element of array.
- Find Longest subarray having sum greater than or equal to zero in updated array using prefix sum and binary search.
Implementation:
C++
// CPP program to find Longest subarray
// having average greater than or equal
// to x.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// Comparison function used to sort preSum vector.
bool compare(const pair<int, int>& a, const pair<int, int>& b)
{
if (a.first == b.first)
return a.second < b.second;
return a.first < b.first;
}
// Function to find index in preSum vector upto which
// all prefix sum values are less than or equal to val.
int findInd(vector<pair<int, int> >& preSum, int n, int val)
{
// Starting and ending index of search space.
int l = 0;
int h = n - 1;
int mid;
// To store required index value.
int ans = -1;
// If middle value is less than or equal to
// val then index can lie in mid+1..n
// else it lies in 0..mid-1.
while (l <= h) {
mid = (l + h) / 2;
if (preSum[mid].first <= val) {
ans = mid;
l = mid + 1;
}
else
h = mid - 1;
}
return ans;
}
// Function to find Longest subarray having average
// greater than or equal to x.
int LongestSub(int arr[], int n, int x)
{
int i;
// Update array by subtracting x from
// each element.
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
arr[i] -= x;
// Length of Longest subarray.
int maxlen = 0;
// Vector to store pair of prefix sum
// and corresponding ending index value.
vector<pair<int, int> > preSum;
// To store current value of prefix sum.
int sum = 0;
// To store minimum index value in range
// 0..i of preSum vector.
int minInd[n];
// Insert values in preSum vector.
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum = sum + arr[i];
preSum.push_back({ sum, i });
}
sort(preSum.begin(), preSum.end(), compare);
// Update minInd array.
minInd[0] = preSum[0].second;
for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
minInd[i] = min(minInd[i - 1], preSum[i].second);
}
sum = 0;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum = sum + arr[i];
// If sum is greater than or equal to 0,
// then answer is i+1.
if (sum >= 0)
maxlen = i + 1;
// If sum is less than 0, then find if
// there is a prefix array having sum
// that needs to be added to current sum to
// make its value greater than or equal to 0.
// If yes, then compare length of updated
// subarray with maximum length found so far.
else {
int ind = findInd(preSum, n, sum);
if (ind != -1 && minInd[ind] < i)
maxlen = max(maxlen, i - minInd[ind]);
}
}
return maxlen;
}
// Driver code.
int main()
{
int arr[] = { -2, 1, 6, -3 };
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
int x = 3;
cout << LongestSub(arr, n, x);
return 0;
}
// Java program to find Longest subarray
// having average greater than or equal
// to x.
import java.util.*;
// User defined Pair class
class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>
{
public int first, second;
public Pair(int a, int b)
{
first = a;
second = b;
}
// Method to implement Sort for
// Pair objects
@Override
public int compareTo(Pair other)
{
if (this.first == other.first)
return this.second - other.second;
return this.first - other.first;
}
}
class GFG
{
// Function to find index in preSum vector upto which
// all prefix sum values are less than or equal to val.
static int findInd(ArrayList<Pair> preSum, int n, int val)
{
// Starting and ending index of search space.
int l = 0;
int h = n - 1;
int mid;
// To store required index value.
int ans = -1;
// If middle value is less than or equal to
// val then index can lie in mid+1..n
// else it lies in 0..mid-1.
while (l <= h) {
mid = (l + h) / 2;
if (preSum.get(mid).first <= val) {
ans = mid;
l = mid + 1;
}
else
h = mid - 1;
}
return ans;
}
// Function to find Longest subarray having average
// greater than or equal to x.
static int LongestSub(int[] arr, int n, int x)
{
int i;
// Update array by subtracting x from
// each element.
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
arr[i] -= x;
// Length of Longest subarray.
int maxlen = 0;
// Vector to store pair of prefix sum
// and corresponding ending index value.
ArrayList<Pair> preSum = new ArrayList<Pair>();
// To store current value of prefix sum.
int sum = 0;
// To store minimum index value in range
// 0..i of preSum vector.
int[] minInd = new int[n];
// Insert values in preSum vector.
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum = sum + arr[i];
preSum.add(new Pair(sum, i));
}
Collections.sort(preSum);
// Update minInd array.
minInd[0] = preSum.get(0).second;
for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
minInd[i] = Math.min(minInd[i - 1], preSum.get(i).second);
}
sum = 0;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum = sum + arr[i];
// If sum is greater than or equal to 0,
// then answer is i+1.
if (sum >= 0)
maxlen = i + 1;
// If sum is less than 0, then find if
// there is a prefix array having sum
// that needs to be added to current sum to
// make its value greater than or equal to 0.
// If yes, then compare length of updated
// subarray with maximum length found so far.
else {
int ind = findInd(preSum, n, sum);
if (ind != -1 && minInd[ind] < i)
maxlen = Math.max(maxlen, i - minInd[ind]);
}
}
return maxlen;
}
// Driver code.
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int[] arr = { -2, 1, 6, -3 };
int n = arr.length;
int x = 3;
System.out.println(LongestSub(arr, n, x));
}
}
// This code is contributed by phasing17
# Python3 program to find longest subarray
# having average greater than or equal to x
# Function to find index in preSum list of
# tuples upto which all prefix sum values
# are less than or equal to val.
def findInd(preSum, n, val):
# Starting and ending index
# of search space.
l = 0
h = n - 1
# To store required index value
ans = -1
# If middle value is less than or
# equal to val then index can
# lie in mid+1..n else it lies
# in 0..mid-1
while (l <= h):
mid = (l + h) // 2
if preSum[mid][0] <= val:
ans = mid
l = mid + 1
else:
h = mid - 1
return ans
# Function to find Longest subarray
# having average greater than or
# equal to x.
def LongestSub(arr, n, x):
# Update array by subtracting
# x from each element
for i in range(n):
arr[i] -= x
# Length of Longest subarray.
maxlen = 0
# To store current value of
# prefix sum.
total = 0
# To store minimum index value in
# range 0..i of preSum vector.
minInd = [None] * n
# list to store pair of prefix sum
# and corresponding ending index value.
preSum = []
# Insert values in preSum vector
for i in range(n):
total += arr[i]
preSum.append((total, i))
preSum = sorted(preSum)
# Update minInd array.
minInd[0] = preSum[0][1]
for i in range(1, n):
minInd[i] = min(minInd[i - 1],
preSum[i][1])
total = 0
for i in range(n):
total += arr[i]
# If sum is greater than or equal
# to 0, then answer is i+1
if total >= 0:
maxlen = i + 1
# If sum is less than 0, then find if
# there is a prefix array having sum
# that needs to be added to current sum to
# make its value greater than or equal to 0.
# If yes, then compare length of updated
# subarray with maximum length found so far
else:
ind = findInd(preSum, n, total)
if (ind != -1) & (minInd[ind] < i):
maxlen = max(maxlen, i - minInd[ind])
return maxlen
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
arr = [ -2, 1, 6, -3 ]
n = len(arr)
x = 3
print(LongestSub(arr, n, x))
# This code is contributed by Vikas Chitturi
// C# program to find Longest subarray
// having average greater than or equal
// to x.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
// User defined Pair class
class Pair : IComparable<Pair>
{
public int first, second;
public Pair(int a, int b)
{
first = a;
second = b;
}
// Method to implement Sort for
// Pair objects
public int CompareTo(Pair other)
{
if (this.first == other.first)
return this.second - other.second;
return this.first - other.first;
}
}
class GFG
{
// Function to find index in preSum vector upto which
// all prefix sum values are less than or equal to val.
static int findInd(List<Pair> preSum, int n, int val)
{
// Starting and ending index of search space.
int l = 0;
int h = n - 1;
int mid;
// To store required index value.
int ans = -1;
// If middle value is less than or equal to
// val then index can lie in mid+1..n
// else it lies in 0..mid-1.
while (l <= h) {
mid = (l + h) / 2;
if (preSum[mid].first <= val) {
ans = mid;
l = mid + 1;
}
else
h = mid - 1;
}
return ans;
}
// Function to find Longest subarray having average
// greater than or equal to x.
static int LongestSub(int[] arr, int n, int x)
{
int i;
// Update array by subtracting x from
// each element.
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
arr[i] -= x;
// Length of Longest subarray.
int maxlen = 0;
// Vector to store pair of prefix sum
// and corresponding ending index value.
List<Pair> preSum = new List<Pair>();
// To store current value of prefix sum.
int sum = 0;
// To store minimum index value in range
// 0..i of preSum vector.
int[] minInd = new int[n];
// Insert values in preSum vector.
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum = sum + arr[i];
preSum.Add(new Pair(sum, i));
}
preSum.Sort();
// Update minInd array.
minInd[0] = preSum[0].second;
for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
minInd[i] = Math.Min(minInd[i - 1], preSum[i].second);
}
sum = 0;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sum = sum + arr[i];
// If sum is greater than or equal to 0,
// then answer is i+1.
if (sum >= 0)
maxlen = i + 1;
// If sum is less than 0, then find if
// there is a prefix array having sum
// that needs to be added to current sum to
// make its value greater than or equal to 0.
// If yes, then compare length of updated
// subarray with maximum length found so far.
else {
int ind = findInd(preSum, n, sum);
if (ind != -1 && minInd[ind] < i)
maxlen = Math.Max(maxlen, i - minInd[ind]);
}
}
return maxlen;
}
// Driver code.
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] arr = { -2, 1, 6, -3 };
int n = arr.Length;
int x = 3;
Console.WriteLine(LongestSub(arr, n, x));
}
}
// This code is contributed by phasing17
<script>
// JavaScript program to find longest subarray
// having average greater than or equal to x
// Function to find index in preSum list of
// tuples upto which all prefix sum values
// are less than or equal to val.
function findInd(preSum, n, val)
{
// Starting and ending index
// of search space.
let l = 0
let h = n - 1
// To store required index value
let ans = -1
// If middle value is less than or
// equal to val then index can
// lie in mid+1..n else it lies
// in 0..mid-1
while (l <= h){
let mid = Math.floor((l + h)/2);
if(preSum[mid][0] <= val){
ans = mid
l = mid + 1
}
else{
h = mid - 1
}
}
return ans
}
// Function to find Longest subarray
// having average greater than or
// equal to x.
function LongestSub(arr, n, x)
{
// Update array by subtracting
// x from each element
for(let i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
arr[i] -= x
}
// Length of Longest subarray.
let maxlen = 0
// To store current value of
// prefix sum.
let total = 0
// To store minimum index value in
// range 0..i of preSum vector.
let minInd = new Array(n);
// list to store pair of prefix sum
// and corresponding ending index value.
let preSum = []
// Insert values in preSum vector
for(let i=0;i<n;i++){
total += arr[i];
preSum.push([total, i]);
}
preSum.sort();
// Update minInd array.
minInd[0] = preSum[0][1]
for(let i = 1; i < n; i++){
minInd[i] = Math.min(minInd[i - 1],
preSum[i][1]);
}
total = 0;
for(let i=0;i<n;i++){
total += arr[i];
// If sum is greater than or equal
// to 0, then answer is i+1
if(total >= 0){
maxlen = i + 1
}
// If sum is less than 0, then find if
// there is a prefix array having sum
// that needs to be added to current sum to
// make its value greater than or equal to 0.
// If yes, then compare length of updated
// subarray with maximum length found so far
else{
let ind = findInd(preSum, n, total)
if((ind != -1) && (minInd[ind] < i)){
maxlen = Math.max(maxlen, i - minInd[ind]);
}
}
}
return maxlen;
}
// Driver Code
let arr = [ -2, 1, 6, -3 ]
let n = arr.length
let x = 3
document.write(LongestSub(arr, n, x))
// This code is contributed by shinjanpatra
</script>
Complexity Analysis:
- Time Complexity: O(nlogn)
- Auxiliary Space: O(n)
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