How to Setup Timeshift with BTRFS in Fedora?

Setting up Timeshift with BTRFS on Fedora provides a powerful combination for system backups and snapshots. Timeshift is a popular tool used to create and restore system snapshots, and when paired with the BTRFS file system, it can take advantage of BTRFS's built-in snapshot capabilities to make the backup process faster and more efficient.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through how to set up Timeshift with BTRFS on Fedora to ensure your system is backed up and can easily recover from any mishaps.

What is Timeshift?

Timeshift is a system backup tool like Time Machine in Mac OS.

To put it crudely, It allows you to make snapshots of the system along with its configuration and settings. It's a nifty tool if you ever happen to break your system.

Some Core features-

• Having the ability to take automatic snapshots.
• Manual snapshot option.
• Hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, snapshot feature.
• Support for BTRFS file systems.

But on Fedora-based systems it's not as easy as just installing and setting it up, you have to configure a few things here and there while installing the OS itself. This article talks about how to set up timeshift in fedora-based systems.

Fedora uses BTRFS but...

Fedora indeed uses the BTRFS system but Timeshift was created with Ubuntu-based systems in mind and the default sub-volume name layout in those systems starts with "@" i.e. "@" for the root sub-volume and "@home" for the home sub-volume.

Fedora uses BTRFS but doesn't use this naming scheme for its sub-volumes "by default", you have to manually configure the sub-volumes to match the layout compatible with timeshift.

How to set up Timeshift in Fedora?

Now onto the fun part (yay! But this is not Arch). In this section, I will show you how to setup up Timeshift in Fedora with a BTRFS file system.

Step 1: Booting into USB

Boot into the installation media

Step 2: Language

Select language and hit continue.

Step 3: Keyboard Layout

Choose your keyboard layout and time zone on the next screen.

Step 4: Destination

Click on the installation destination

Step 5: Advanced Custom

Click on the radio button titled "Advanced Custom (Blivet-GUI)" and click done.

We can see that we have 25 GB available on our hard disk, we will have to partition this into 3 partitions, i.e. boot partition, EFI partition and root partition which would have our two sub-volumes root and home.

We are not going to create a swap partition, as Fedora uses Zram instead of Swap on disk.

Step 6: EFI Partition

We will first create the EFI partition, for that, click on the plus icon

• Enter the size as 600 MiB
• Select the file system as "EFI system partition"
• Enter the mount point as "/boot/efi"

Step 7: Boot Partition

Now we will create the boot partition. Click on free space and click on the plus icon once again.

• Enter the size as 1024 Mib
• Select the file system as ext4
• Enter the mount point as "/boot"

Step 8: BTRFS Partition

Now we will allocate the remaining space for our BTRFS partition.

• Enter the remaining size
• Select the file system as BTRFS
• Encrypt your hard drive, this is optional but recommended, especially for portable devices like laptops where you always have the risk of your data getting into a third party's hands because of it getting stolen or lost. This also holds true if your laptop ever malfunctions and you give it to repair, encrypting your data will ensure that the technician is unable to access it. You can follow the following steps to encrypt your laptop:
  • Check the "Encrypt" checkbox
  • Leave "Encryption type" and "Sector size" untouched.
  • Enter your passphrase which is strong but easy to remember(you will have to enter each time you boot your computer).
  • Re-enter the passphrase

• Hit OK.

Step 9: Creating Subvolumes

Now we will have to create the BTRFS sub-volumes for root and home.

Creating root subvolume

To create the root subvolume:

• Select the primary BTRFS partition which was created and hit the plus icon.
• Now enter the name as "@"
• And, enter the mount point as "/"

Creating Home subvolume

To create the home subvolume:

• Once again select the BTRFS partition and hit the plus icon.
• Enter name as "@home"
• And mount point as "/home"

Step 10: Almost Done

Click on done and accept all the changes.

Step 11: Let's begin

Install Fedora.

Installing Time Shift

Ok, that was long(sighs), but now we are done with installing Fedora and it's time to install Timeshift.

• Open up the terminal and enter the following command to install time shift on your system.

sudo dnf install timeshift

Configuring Timeshift

Step 1: RSYNC vs BTRFS

Open Time Shift enter your administrative password when prompted and you will be greeted with a screen to choose between BTRFS and RSYNC. Choose BTRFS as we have that as our file system.

Step 2: Choosing a location

Now select the location where you want to save the snapshot, I recommend saving the snapshot on an external device or a secondary, internal hard disk so that you can restore your snapshot in case something were to happen to your primary drive.

Step 3: Snapshot levels

Now select the Snapshot levels, I recommend keeping 4 monthly, 4 weekly and 5 daily, your mileage may vary, and if you tinker a lot with your system then it will serve you well if you keep hourly backups as well and click next.

Step 4: Home snapshot

Now, you will have to choose if you want to have a home snapshot or not. I will advise against it because if you chose to revert back to a snapshot then it will reset your system and the files in your home directory to the previous state and you might lose some of the documents and modifications that you currently have in your system. Now, click next after making your decision.

Step 5: Finish

Now the setup is done and hit "Finish" to exit the wizard.

Getting started with Timeshift in Fedora

Navigating through Timeshift is pretty easy.

Creating Snapshots

To create a snapshot just hit "Create" and it will create a snapshot of your system.

Restoring Snapshots

Step 1: In order to restore a snapshot, you must first select the desired snapshot and then click on "Restore".

Step 2: Now hit "Next" to restore to that snapshot.

Conclusion

By following this guide, you can easily set up Timeshift with BTRFS on Fedora, allowing you to create reliable snapshots of your system. This setup ensures that you can restore your system to a previous state in case of an error or system failure, offering peace of mind for both regular users and system administrators. With Timeshift and BTRFS working together, you have an efficient backup solution for your Fedora system.