Insertion in an empty List in the circular linked list

Last Updated : 08 Aug, 2024

A circular linked list is a type of data structure where each node points to the next one, and the last node connects back to the first, forming a circle. This setup allows you to loop through the list without stopping. Knowing how to insert a node into an empty circular linked list is important in creating circular linked list.

Insertion in an empty List in the circular linked list

To insert a node in empty circular linked list, creates a new node with the given data, sets its next pointer to point to itself, and updates the last pointer to reference this new node.

Insertion-in-an-empty-list-in-circular-linked-list — Insertion in an empty List

Step-by-step approach:

Check if last is not nullptr. If true, return last (the list is not empty).
Otherwise, Create a new node with the provided data.
- Set the new node’s next pointer to point to itself (circular link).
- Update last to point to the new node and return it.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Node{
    int data;
    Node *next;
    Node(int value){
        data = value;
        next = nullptr;
    }
};

// Function to insert a node into an empty circular singly linked list
Node *insertInEmptyList(Node *last, int data){
    if (last != nullptr) return last;
    
    // Create a new node
    Node *newNode = new Node(data);
  
    // Point newNode to itself
    newNode->next = newNode;
  
    // Update last to point to the new node
    last = newNode;
    return last;
}

void printList(Node* last){
    if(last == NULL) return;
  
    // Start from the head node
    Node* head = last->next;
    while (true) {
        cout << head->data << " ";
        head = head->next;
        if (head == last->next) break;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

int main(){
    Node *last = nullptr;

    // Insert a node into the empty list
    last = insertInEmptyList(last, 1);

    // Print the list
    cout << "List after insertion: ";
    printList(last);

    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// Define the Node structure
struct Node {
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};

struct Node* createNode(int value);

// Function to insert a node into an empty
// circular singly linked list
struct Node* insertInEmptyList(struct Node* last, int data) {
    if (last != NULL) return last;

    // Create a new node
    struct Node* newNode = createNode(data);

    // Update last to point to the new node
    last = newNode;
    return last;
}

void printList(struct Node* last) {
    if (last == NULL) return;

    // Start from the head node
    struct Node* head = last->next;
    while (1) {
        printf("%d ", head->data);
        head = head->next;
        if (head == last->next) break;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

struct Node* createNode(int value) {
    struct Node* newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
    newNode->data = value;
    newNode->next = newNode;
    return newNode;
}

int main() {
    struct Node* last = NULL;

    // Insert a node into the empty list
    last = insertInEmptyList(last, 1);

    // Print the list
    printf("List after insertion: ");
    printList(last);

    return 0;
}

Java

class Node {
    int data;
    Node next;

    Node(int value) {
        data = value;
        next = null;
    }
}

public class Main {
    // Function to insert a node into an empty
    // circular singly linked list
    static Node insertInEmptyList(Node last, int data) {
        if (last != null) return last;

        // Create a new node
        Node newNode = new Node(data);

        // Point newNode to itself
        newNode.next = newNode;

        // Update last to point to the new node
        last = newNode;
        return last;
    }

    // Function to print the list
    static void printList(Node last) {
        if (last == null) return;

        // Start from the head node
        Node head = last.next;
        while (true) {
            System.out.print(head.data + " ");
            head = head.next;
            if (head == last.next) break;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Node last = null;

        // Insert a node into the empty list
        last = insertInEmptyList(last, 1);

        // Print the list
        System.out.print("List after insertion: ");
        printList(last);
    }
}

Python

class Node:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.data = value
        self.next = self  # Point to itself

def insertInEmptyList(last, data):
    if last is not None:
        return last
    
    # Create a new node
    new_node = Node(data)
    
    # Update last to point to the new node
    last = new_node
    return last

def printList(last):
    if last is None:
        return
    
    # Start from the head node
    head = last.next
    while True:
        print(head.data, end=" ")
        head = head.next
        if head == last.next:
            break
    print()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    last = None

    # Insert a node into the empty list
    last = insertInEmptyList(last, 1)

    # Print the list
    print("List after insertion: ", end="")
    printList(last)

JavaScript

class Node {
    constructor(value)
    {
        this.data = value;
        this.next = null;
    }
}

function insertInEmptyList(last, data)
{
    if (last !== null)
        return last;

    // Create a new node
    let newNode = new Node(data);

    // Point newNode to itself
    newNode.next = newNode;

    // Update last to point to the new node
    last = newNode;
    return last;
}

function printList(last)
{
    if (last === null)
        return;

    // Start from the head node
    let head = last.next;
    while (true) {
        console.log(head.data);
        head = head.next;
        if (head === last.next)
            break;
    }
}

// Main function

let last = null;

// Insert a node into the empty list
last = insertInEmptyList(last, 1);

// Print the list
console.log("List after insertion:");
printList(last);

Output

List after insertion: 1

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Insertion in an empty List in the circular linked list

harendrakumar123

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