How to SELECT Rows With MAX PARTITION By Another Column in MySQL
Last Updated :
15 Jul, 2024
MySQL is a widely used relational database management system (RDBMS) that provides a robust and scalable platform for managing and organizing data. MySQL is an open-source software developed by Oracle Corporation, that provides features for creating, modifying, and querying databases.
It utilizes Structured Query Language (SQL) to interact with databases, making it a popular choice for web applications and various software systems. MySQL's versatility, reliability, and ease of use make it a preferred solution for developers and organizations seeking efficient data management capabilities.
In this article, you will learn about, How can SELECT rows with MAX(Column value), and PARTITION by another column in MySQL.
Select in MySQL
The SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from one or more tables in a database. It's one of the most fundamental and commonly used SQL commands.
Syntax:
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
ORDER BY column1 ASC
LIMIT 10;
consider the following database,
Select in MySQL databaseThe query to display the information in the database:
SELECT * FROM employees;
Output:
example -1 outputExample 1:
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 57000;
Output:
Example-2 outputExplanation: The SQL query retrieves employee details (employee_id, first_name, last_name, salary) from the "employees" table where the salary is greater than 57000. The output includes records of employees earning a salary higher than 57000.
MAX in MySQL
The MAX() function is an aggregate function used to return the maximum value of a column from a set of rows. It takes a single argument, which is typically the column you want to find the maximum value for.
Syntax:
MAX(expression)
Creating a database to perform some examples for better understanding:
Max in MySQL databaseSELECT MAX(salary) AS max_salary FROM employees;
Output:
example-1 outputExplanation:
The SQL query calculates and outputs the maximum salary (max_salary) from the "employees" table, resulting in a value of 62000, representing the highest salary in the dataset.
Example : Finding Maximum Salary in Sales Department
SELECT MAX(salary) AS max_salary_in_sales FROM employees WHERE department = 'Sales';
Output:
example-2 outputExplanation: The SQL query retrieves the maximum salary (max_salary_in_sales) from the "employees" table for those working in the 'Sales' department, resulting in an output of 59000.
Partition By in MySQL
The PARTITION BY clause is used in conjunction with window functions to divide the result set into partitions to which the function is applied separately. Each partition represents a subset of rows based on the values of one or more columns specified in the PARTITION BY clause.
In MySQL, the PARTITION BY clause is not directly used in the context of a simple SELECT statement like it is in some other database systems such as PostgreSQL or SQL Server. However, it's commonly used in the context of window functions or analytical functions.
Syntax:
SELECT
column1,
column2,
...
window_function(column3) OVER (PARTITION BY partition_column)
FROM
table_name;
Example
consider the above database,
SELECT
department,
employee_name,
salary,
AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY department) AS avg_salary_per_department
FROM
employees;
Output:
Partition by in MySQL database outputNow, when we have learnt what is select and max in mysql , let's see
How to SELECT Rows
To solve above , we have three approaches:
- Subquery with INNER JOIN
- Correlated Subquery
- Window Function (available in MySQL 8.0 and later)
Subquery with INNER JOIN
INNER JOIN and subqueries are powerful ways to get related data under certain conditions. In this article, we will look at how to use INNER QUIRES with subqueries in SQL.
Syntax:
SELECT t1.*
FROM your_table t1
INNER JOIN (
SELECT partition_column, MAX(value_column) AS max_value
FROM your_table
GROUP BY partition_column
) t2 ON t1.partition_column = t2.partition_column AND t1.value_column = t2.max_value;
Example:
SELECT t1.*
FROM students t1
INNER JOIN (
SELECT class, MAX(score) AS max_score
FROM students
GROUP BY class
) t2 ON t1.class = t2.class AND t1.score = t2.max_score;
Output:
Subquery with INNER JOIN outputExplanation: The SQL query retrieves records from the "students" table where each record represents the student with the highest score (max_score) in their respective classes. The result includes details such as class, student ID, name, and score.
Correlated Subquery
Syntax:
SELECT t1.*
FROM your_table t1
WHERE value_column = (
SELECT MAX(value_column)
FROM your_table t2
WHERE t1.partition_column = t2.partition_column
);
Example:
SELECT t1.*
FROM students t1
WHERE score = (
SELECT MAX(score)
FROM students t2
WHERE t1.class = t2.class
);
Output:
Correlated Subquery outputExplanation: The SQL query selects records from the "students" table where each student has the maximum score in their respective class, resulting in a list of top-scoring students in each class.
Window Function
Syntax:
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT *,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY partition_column ORDER BY value_column DESC) AS row_num
FROM your_table
) ranked
WHERE row_num = 1;
Example:
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT *,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY class ORDER BY score DESC) AS row_num
FROM students
) ranked
WHERE row_num = 1;
Output:
Window Function output
Explanation: The SQL query retrieves records from the "students" table, showcasing the students with the highest scores in their respective classes.
Conclusion
In conclusion, when selecting rows with the maximum value of a column partitioned by another column in MySQL, various approaches can be employed, including subqueries with inner joins, correlated subqueries, and window functions. Each approach offers its own advantages and considerations. Subqueries with inner joins provide a straightforward solution and are suitable for versions of MySQL prior to 8.0. Correlated subqueries offer simplicity but may be less efficient for larger datasets. Window functions, available in MySQL 8.0 and later, offer a powerful and efficient way to achieve the desired result, especially when dealing with complex analytical queries. The choice of approach should consider factors such as database schema, data distribution, and MySQL version.
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