JavaScript – Union of Arrays

In JavaScript, finding the union of multiple arrays means combining their elements into a single array with only unique values. Here are several methods to compute the union of JavaScript Arrays

Using Spread Operator with Set – Most Popular

We can use the Set object along with the spread operator to find the union of arrays, as Set automatically removes duplicates.

const a1 = [1, 2, 3];
const a2 = [3, 4, 5];

// Union of arrays
const union = [...new Set([...a1, ...a2])];
console.log(union); 

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

Using push() Method

You can also use push() with the Set for deduplication, you can add all elements to one array and then convert it to a Set to remove duplicates.

const a1 = [1, 2, 3];
const a2 = [3, 4, 5];

// Combine arrays and create union
a1.push(...a2);
const union = [...new Set(a1)];
console.log(union); 

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

Using concat() and filter()

We can use concat() to merge arrays, and filter() with indexOf() can be used to remove duplicates. This method is used for custom filtering.

const a1 = [1, 2, 3];
const a2 = [3, 4, 5];

// Concatenate and filter out duplicates
const union = a1.concat(a2).filter((value, index, arr) 
	=> arr.indexOf(value) === index);
console.log(union); 

Output

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Using reduce() and includes()

With reduce() and includes(), you can manually create the union array without having any duplicates.

const a1 = [1, 2, 3];
const a2 = [3, 4, 5];

// Reduce to create union
const u = a1.concat(a2).reduce((acc, value) => {
    if (!acc.includes(value)) acc.push(value);
    return acc;
}, []);
console.log(u); 

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]

Using Lodash _.union()

Lodash provides the _.union() method, which computes the union of arrays with all elements are unique. This method is efficient and simple to use if Lodash is included in your project.

// Assuming Lodash is available
const a1 = [1, 2, 3];
const a2 = [3, 4, 5];

const u = _.union(a1, a2);
console.log(u); 

Output

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Using Underscore.js _.union()

Like Lodash, Underscore.js also provides a _.union() function. This is another quick option if your project uses Underscore.js.

// Assuming Underscore.js is available
const a1 = [1, 2, 3];
const a2 = [3, 4, 5];

const union = _.union(a1, a2);
console.log(union); 

Output

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Importance of Array Union in JavaScript

Union operations are essential for

• Data Aggregation: Merging datasets without duplicate entries.
• Set Theory Operations: Supporting operations like unions and intersections.
• Optimized Processing: Creating unique collections for efficient data handling.