How to Handle Timeouts in Network Communication in Java?

// Java program to handle Timeouts in Network
// Communication using Socket Timeout
import java.net.*;

// Driver Class
public class SocketTimeoutExample 
{
      // Main Function
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        try {
            // Create a new socket
            Socket socket = new Socket();

            // Define the address and port
            SocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("example.com", 80);

            // Define the timeout in milliseconds
            int timeout = 5000; 

            // Connect the socket to the address with the defined timeout
            socket.connect(address, timeout);

            System.err.println("Connection Success");

            // Close the socket
            socket.close();
        } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) 
        {
         
            System.err.println("Connection timed out");
        } catch (Exception e) 
        {
        
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

// Java program to handle Timeouts in 
// Network Communication using asynchronous
// Communication with Timeout
import java.net.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

// Driver Class
public class AsynchronousTimeoutExample {
       // Main Function
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create a new ExecutorService with a cached thread pool
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        try {
            // Submit a new task to the executor
            Future<Void> future = executor.submit(() -> {
                try {
                    // Create a new socket
                    Socket socket = new Socket();

                    // Define the address and port
                    SocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("example.com", 80);

                    // Define the timeout in milliseconds
                    int timeout = 5000;

                    // Connect the socket to the address with the defined timeout
                    socket.connect(address, timeout);

                    // Close the socket
                    socket.close(); 
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    // Throw a new runtime exception with the caught exception
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
                return null;
            });

            // Wait for the task to complete with a timeout of 5 seconds
            future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS); 
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
           
            System.err.println("Operation timed out");
        } catch (Exception e) {
          
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // Shut down the executor
            executor.shutdown();
        }
    }
}