Find if there is a path between two vertices in a directed graph | Set 2

Last Updated : 30 Jun, 2021

Given a Directed Graph and two vertices in it, check whether there is a path from the first given vertex to second.

Example:

Consider the following Graph:

Input : (u, v) = (1, 3)
Output: Yes
Explanation:
There is a path from 1 to 3, 1 -> 2 -> 3

Input : (u, v) = (3, 6)
Output: No
Explanation:
There is no path from 3 to 6

A BFS or DFS based solution of this problem is discussed here.
Approach: Here we will discuss a Dynamic Programming based solution using Floyd Warshall Algorithm.

Create a boolean 2D matrix mat where mat[i][j] will be true if there is a path from vertex i to j.
For every starting vertex i and ending vertex j iterate over all intermediate vertex k and do check if there is a path for i to j through k then mark mat[i][j] as true.
Finally, check if mat[u][v] is true then return true else return false.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to find if there is a
// path between two vertices in a
// directed graph using Dynamic Programming

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define X 6
#define Z 2

// function to find if there is a
// path between two vertices in a
// directed graph
bool existPath(int V, int edges[X][Z],
               int u, int v)
{
    // dp matrix
    bool mat[V][V];
    memset(mat, false, sizeof(mat));

    // set dp[i][j]=true if there is
    // edge between i to j
    for (int i = 0; i < X; i++)
        mat[edges[i][0]][edges[i][1]] = true;

    // check for all intermediate vertex
    for (int k = 0; k < V; k++) {
        for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < V; j++) {

                mat[i][j] = mat[i][j]
                            || mat[i][k]
                                   && mat[k][j];
            }
        }
    }

    // if vertex is invalid
    if (u >= V || v >= V) {
        return false;
    }

    // if there is a path
    if (mat[u][v])
        return true;
    return false;
}

// Driver function
int main()
{
    int V = 4;
    int edges[X][Z]
        = { { 0, 2 }, { 0, 1 },
            { 1, 2 }, { 2, 3 },
            { 2, 0 }, { 3, 3 } };
    int u = 1, v = 3;

    if (existPath(V, edges, u, v))
        cout << "Yes\n";
    else
        cout << "No\n";
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find if there is a path 
// between two vertices in a directed graph
// using Dynamic Programming
import java.util.*;

class GFG{
    
static final int X = 6;
static final int Z = 2;

// Function to find if there is a
// path between two vertices in a
// directed graph
static boolean existPath(int V, int edges[][],
                         int u, int v)
{
    
    // mat matrix
    boolean [][]mat = new boolean[V][V];

    // set mat[i][j]=true if there is
    // edge between i to j
    for (int i = 0; i < X; i++)
        mat[edges[i][0]][edges[i][1]] = true;

    // Check for all intermediate vertex
    for(int k = 0; k < V; k++) 
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < V; i++) 
        {
            for(int j = 0; j < V; j++)
            {
                mat[i][j] = mat[i][j] || 
                            mat[i][k] &&
                            mat[k][j];
            }
        }
    }

    // If vertex is invalid
    if (u >= V || v >= V)
    {
        return false;
    }

    // If there is a path
    if (mat[u][v])
        return true;
    return false;
}

// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int V = 4;
    int edges[][] = { { 0, 2 }, { 0, 1 },
                      { 1, 2 }, { 2, 3 },
                      { 2, 0 }, { 3, 3 } };
    int u = 1, v = 3;

    if (existPath(V, edges, u, v))
        System.out.print("Yes\n");
    else
        System.out.print("No\n");
}
}

// This code is contributed by Princi Singh

Python3

# Python3 program to find if there
# is a path between two vertices in a
# directed graph using Dynamic Programming
X = 6
Z = 2
 
# Function to find if there is a
# path between two vertices in a
# directed graph
def existPath(V, edges, u, v):
    
    # dp matrix
    mat = [[False for i in range(V)] 
                  for j in range(V)]
 
    # Set dp[i][j]=true if there is
    # edge between i to j
    for i in range(X):
        mat[edges[i][0]][edges[i][1]] = True
 
    # Check for all intermediate vertex
    for k in range(V):
        for i in range(V):
            for j in range(V):
                mat[i][j] = (mat[i][j] or 
                             mat[i][k] and 
                             mat[k][j])
 
    # If vertex is invalid
    if (u >= V or v >= V):
        return False
 
    # If there is a path
    if (mat[u][v]):
        return True
        
    return False

# Driver code 
V = 4
edges = [ [ 0, 2 ], [ 0, 1 ],
          [ 1, 2 ], [ 2, 3 ],
          [ 2, 0 ], [ 3, 3 ] ]
        
u, v = 1, 3

if (existPath(V, edges, u, v)):
    print("Yes")
else:
    print("No")

# This code is contributed by divyeshrabadiya07

// C# program to find if there is a path 
// between two vertices in a directed graph
// using Dynamic Programming
using System;
class GFG{
    
static readonly int X = 6;
static readonly int Z = 2;

// Function to find if there is a
// path between two vertices in a
// directed graph
static bool existPath(int V, int [,]edges,
                      int u, int v)
{
    
    // mat matrix
    bool [,]mat = new bool[V, V];

    // set mat[i,j]=true if there is
    // edge between i to j
    for (int i = 0; i < X; i++)
        mat[edges[i, 0], edges[i, 1]] = true;

    // Check for all intermediate vertex
    for(int k = 0; k < V; k++) 
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < V; i++) 
        {
            for(int j = 0; j < V; j++)
            {
                mat[i, j] = mat[i, j] || 
                            mat[i, k] &&
                            mat[k, j];
            }
        }
    }

    // If vertex is invalid
    if (u >= V || v >= V)
    {
        return false;
    }

    // If there is a path
    if (mat[u, v])
        return true;
    return false;
}

// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int V = 4;
    int [,]edges = { { 0, 2 }, { 0, 1 },
                     { 1, 2 }, { 2, 3 },
                     { 2, 0 }, { 3, 3 } };
    int u = 1, v = 3;

    if (existPath(V, edges, u, v))
        Console.Write("Yes\n");
    else
        Console.Write("No\n");
}
}

// This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991

JavaScript

<script>

// Javascript program to find if there is a path 
// between two vertices in a directed graph
// using Dynamic Programming
    
var X = 6;
var Z = 2;

// Function to find if there is a
// path between two vertices in a
// directed graph
function existPath(V, edges, u, v)
{
    
    // mat matrix
    var mat = Array.from(Array(V), ()=>Array(V));

    // set mat[i,j]=true if there is
    // edge between i to j
    for (var i = 0; i < X; i++)
        mat[edges[i][0]][edges[i][1]] = true;

    // Check for all intermediate vertex
    for(var k = 0; k < V; k++) 
    {
        for(var i = 0; i < V; i++) 
        {
            for(var j = 0; j < V; j++)
            {
                mat[i][j] = mat[i][j] || 
                            mat[i][k] &&
                            mat[k][j];
            }
        }
    }

    // If vertex is invalid
    if (u >= V || v >= V)
    {
        return false;
    }

    // If there is a path
    if (mat[u][v])
        return true;
    return false;
}

// Driver code
var V = 4;
var edges = [ [ 0, 2 ], [ 0, 1 ],
                 [ 1, 2 ], [ 2, 3 ],
                 [ 2, 0 ], [ 3, 3 ] ];
var u = 1, v = 3;
if (existPath(V, edges, u, v))
    document.write("Yes<br>");
else
    document.write("No<br>");

</script>

Output:

Yes

Time Complexity : O ( V³)
Auxiliary Space : O ( V²)

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Find if there is a path between two vertices in a directed graph | Set 2

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