Find frequency of each element in given 3D Array

Last Updated : 24 Mar, 2023

Given a 3D array of size N*M*P consisting only of English alphabet characters, the task is to print the frequency of all the elements in increasing order. If the frequency is the same, print them in lexicographic ordering.

Examples:

Input: N = 3, M = 4, P = 5,
matrix = { { {a, b, c, d, e}, {f, g, h, i, k}, {a, c, d, e, s}, {e, g, e, s, j} },
{ {s, j, r, s, g}, {s, t, u, e, y}, {t, y, g, j, l}, {d, r, g, t, j } },
{ {e, y, r, v, n}, {q, r, y, e, w}, {k, e, u, p, q}, {z, v, a, s, d} } }
Output:
b 1
f 1
h 1
i 1
l 1
n 1
p 1
w 1
z 1
c 2
k 2
q 2
u 2
v 2
a 3
t 3
d 4
j 4
r 4
y 4
g 5
s 6
e 8

Input: N = 1, M = 1, P = 3,
matrix = { { { a, b, a} } } }
Output:
a 2
b 1

Approach: This problem can be solved easily by using Hashing and Sorting.

Create a hash table using map to store the frequency of all the characters in the matrix.
The key in a map is always in sorted order.
Traverse the matrix and increment the frequency of the character at that position.
Push the frequencies in a vector (say v) with their respective characters.
Sort the frequency vector v according to the frequency.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ code to implement the above approach:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to find frequency in 3-D matrix
void findFreq(int X, int Y, int Z,
              vector<vector<vector<char> > >& matrix)
{
    // Initializing unordered map
    unordered_map<char, int> freq;
    for (int i = 0; i < X; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < Y; j++) {
            for (int k = 0; k < Z; k++) {
                freq[(matrix[i][j][k])]++;
            }
        }
    }

    // Store the frequency in vector
    vector<pair<int, char> > v;
    for (auto p : freq) {
        v.push_back({ p.second, p.first });
    }

    // Sort the frequency vector
    sort(v.begin(), v.end());

    for (auto p : v)
        cout << p.second << " " << p.first << endl;
}

// Drivers code
int main()
{
    int X = 3, Y = 4, Z = 5;

    // Declare 3D array of characters
    vector<vector<vector<char> > > matrix = {
        { { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' },
          { 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'k' },
          { 'a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 's' },
          { 'e', 'g', 'e', 's', 'j' } },
        { { 's', 'j', 'r', 's', 'g' },
          { 's', 't', 'u', 'e', 'y' },
          { 't', 'y', 'g', 'j', 'l' },
          { 'd', 'r', 'g', 't', 'j' } },
        { { 'e', 'y', 'r', 'v', 'n' },
          { 'q', 'r', 'y', 'e', 'w' },
          { 'k', 'e', 'u', 'p', 'q' },
          { 'z', 'v', 'a', 's', 'd' } }
    };

    // Function call
    findFreq(X, Y, Z, matrix);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation of the above approach
import java.util.*;

class GFG 
{

  // Function to find frequency in 3-D matrix
  static void findFreq(int X, int Y, int Z,
                       char[][][] matrix)
  {

    // Initializing unordered map
    HashMap<Character, Integer> freq = new HashMap<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < X; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < Y; j++) {
        for (int k = 0; k < Z; k++) {
          if (!freq.containsKey(matrix[i][j][k]))
            freq.put(matrix[i][j][k], 1);
          else
            freq.put(matrix[i][j][k],
                     freq.get(matrix[i][j][k])
                     + 1);
        }
      }
    }

    // Get the size of the freq hashmap
    // to declare a new array
    int size = freq.size();

    // Store the frequency in 2d array v
    int[][] v = new int[size][2];
    int index = 0;

    for (Map.Entry mapElement : freq.entrySet()) {
      v[index][0] = (char)mapElement.getKey();
      v[index][1] = (int)mapElement.getValue();
      index++;
    }

    // Sort the frequency array
    // based on the frequencies
    Arrays.sort(v,
                (a, b) -> Integer.compare(a[1], b[1]));

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      System.out.println((char)v[i][0] + " "
                         + v[i][1]);
    }
  }
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    
    // Drivers code
    int X = 3, Y = 4, Z = 5;

    // Declare 3D array of characters
    char[][][] matrix
      = { { { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' },
           { 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'k' },
           { 'a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 's' },
           { 'e', 'g', 'e', 's', 'j' } },
         { { 's', 'j', 'r', 's', 'g' },
          { 's', 't', 'u', 'e', 'y' },
          { 't', 'y', 'g', 'j', 'l' },
          { 'd', 'r', 'g', 't', 'j' } },
         { { 'e', 'y', 'r', 'v', 'n' },
          { 'q', 'r', 'y', 'e', 'w' },
          { 'k', 'e', 'u', 'p', 'q' },
          { 'z', 'v', 'a', 's', 'd' } } };

    // Function call
    findFreq(X, Y, Z, matrix);
  }
}

// this code is contributed by phasing17

Python3

# Python3 code to implement the above approach

# Function to find  frequency in 3-D matrix
def findFreq(X, Y, Z, matrix):

    # initializing the dictionary
    freq = dict()
    for i in range(X):
        for j in range(Y):
            for k in range(Z):
                if matrix[i][j][k] in freq:
                    freq[(matrix[i][j][k])] += 1
                else:
                    freq[(matrix[i][j][k])] = 1

    # store the frequency in v
    v = []
    for p in freq:
        v.append([freq[p], p])

    # sort the frequency vector
    v.sort()

    for p in v:
        print(p[1], p[0])

# Driver Code
X, Y, Z = 3, 4, 5

# Declare 3D array of characters
matrix = [[['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'],
           ['f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'k'],
           ['a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 's'],
           ['e', 'g', 'e', 's', 'j']],
          [['s', 'j', 'r', 's', 'g'],
           ['s', 't', 'u', 'e', 'y'],
           ['t', 'y', 'g', 'j', 'l'],
           ['d', 'r', 'g', 't', 'j']],
          [['e', 'y', 'r', 'v', 'n'],
           ['q', 'r', 'y', 'e', 'w'],
           ['k', 'e', 'u', 'p', 'q'],
           ['z', 'v', 'a', 's', 'd']]]

# Function Call
findFreq(X, Y, Z, matrix)

# This code is contributed by phasing17

// C# program to implement above approach
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class GFG
{

  // Function to find frequency in 3-D matrix
  static void findFreq(int X, int Y, int Z,
                       char[][][] matrix)
  {

    // Initializing unordered map
    Dictionary<char, int> freq = new Dictionary<char, int>();

    for (int i = 0 ; i < X ; i++) {
      for (int j = 0 ; j < Y ; j++) {
        for (int k = 0 ; k < Z ; k++) {
          if (!freq.ContainsKey(matrix[i][j][k])){
            freq.Add(matrix[i][j][k], 1);
          }else{
            freq[(matrix[i][j][k])] += 1;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // Get the size of the freq hashmap
    // to declare a new array
    int size = freq.Count;

    // Store the frequency in 2d array v
    pair[] v = new pair[size];
    for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i++){
      v[i] = new pair(0, 0);
    }

    int index = 0;
    foreach (KeyValuePair<char, int> mapElement in freq){
      v[index].first = (int)mapElement.Key;
      v[index].second = mapElement.Value;
      index++;
    }

    // Sort the frequency array
    // based on the frequencies
    Array.Sort(v, new Comp());

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      Console.WriteLine((char)v[i].first + " " + v[i].second);
    }
  }

  public static void Main(string[] args){

    // Drivers code
    int X = 3, Y = 4, Z = 5;

    // Declare 3D array of characters
    char[][][] matrix = new char[][][]{
      new char[][]{
        new char[]{ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' },
        new char[]{ 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'k' },
        new char[]{ 'a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 's' },
        new char[]{ 'e', 'g', 'e', 's', 'j' }
      },
      new char[][]{
        new char[]{ 's', 'j', 'r', 's', 'g' },
        new char[]{ 's', 't', 'u', 'e', 'y' },
        new char[]{ 't', 'y', 'g', 'j', 'l' },
        new char[]{ 'd', 'r', 'g', 't', 'j' }
      },
      new char[][]{
        new char[]{ 'e', 'y', 'r', 'v', 'n' },
        new char[]{ 'q', 'r', 'y', 'e', 'w' },
        new char[]{ 'k', 'e', 'u', 'p', 'q' },
        new char[]{ 'z', 'v', 'a', 's', 'd' }
      }
    };

    // Function call
    findFreq(X, Y, Z, matrix);

  }
}

// Class for pair
public class pair{
  public int first;
  public int second;

  // Constructor
  public pair(int f, int s)
  {
    this.first = f;
    this.second = s;
  }
}

class Comp : IComparer<pair>{
  public int Compare(pair a, pair b)
  {
    if(a.second == b.second){
      return a.first-b.first;
    }
    return a.second-b.second;
  }
}

// This code is contributed by subhamgoyal2014.

JavaScript

<script>

// JavaScript implementation of the above approach

// Function to find frequency in 3-D matrix
function findFreq(X, Y, Z,matrix)
{
    // Initializing unordered map
    let freq = new Map();
    for (let i = 0; i < X; i++) {
        for (let j = 0; j < Y; j++) {
            for (let k = 0; k < Z; k++) {
                if(!freq.has(matrix[i][j][k]))
                    freq.set(matrix[i][j][k],1)
                else
                    freq.set(matrix[i][j][k],freq.get(matrix[i][j][k])+1)
            }
        }
    }

    // Store the frequency in vector
    let v = [];
    for (let [p,q] of freq) {
        v.push([q,p]);
    }

    // Sort the frequency vector
    v.sort();

    for (let p of v)
        document.write(`${p[1]} ${p[0]}`,"</br>");
}

// Drivers code

let X = 3, Y = 4, Z = 5;

// Declare 3D array of characters
let matrix = [
        [ [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' ],
          [ 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'k' ],
          [ 'a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 's' ],
          [ 'e', 'g', 'e', 's', 'j' ] ],
        [ [ 's', 'j', 'r', 's', 'g' ],
          [ 's', 't', 'u', 'e', 'y' ],
          [ 't', 'y', 'g', 'j', 'l' ],
          [ 'd', 'r', 'g', 't', 'j' ] ],
        [ [ 'e', 'y', 'r', 'v', 'n' ],
          [ 'q', 'r', 'y', 'e', 'w' ],
          [ 'k', 'e', 'u', 'p', 'q' ],
          [ 'z', 'v', 'a', 's', 'd' ] ]
];

// Function call
findFreq(X, Y, Z, matrix);

// This code is written by
// shinjanpatra

</script>

Output

b 1
f 1
h 1
i 1
l 1
n 1
p 1
w 1
z 1
c 2
k 2
q 2
u 2
v 2
a 3
t 3
d 4
j 4
r 4
y 4
g 5
s 6
e 8

Time Complexity: O(N*M*P)
Auxiliary Space: O(1) As the map will have at most 26 values

Find the sum between given cells of a 3D Array

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Find frequency of each element in given 3D Array

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