Mirror of matrix across diagonal

Last Updated : 12 Feb, 2025

Given a 2-D array of order N x N, print a matrix that is the mirror of the given tree across the diagonal. We need to print the result in a way: swap the values of the triangle above the diagonal with the values of the triangle below it like a mirror image swap. Print the 2-D array obtained in a matrix layout.

Examples:

Input : int mat[][] = {{1 2 4 }
                       {5 9 0}
                       { 3 1 7}}
Output :  1 5 3 
          2 9 1
          4 0 7

Input : mat[][] = {{1  2  3  4 }
                   {5  6  7  8 }
                   {9  10 11 12}
                   {13 14 15 16} }
Output : 1 5 9 13 
         2 6 10 14  
         3 7 11 15 
         4 8 12 16

A simple solution to this problem involves extra space. We traverse all right diagonal (right-to-left) one by one. During the traversal of the diagonal, first, we push all the elements into the stack and then we traverse it again and replace every element of the diagonal with the stack element.

Below is the implementation of the above idea.

C++

// Simple CPP program to find mirror of
// matrix across diagonal.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 100;

void imageSwap(vector<vector<int>> &mat, int n)
{
    // for diagonal which start from at 
    // first row of matrix
    int row = 0;

    // traverse all top right diagonal
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {

        // here we use stack for reversing
        // the element of diagonal
        stack<int> s;
        int i = row, k = j;
        while (i < n && k >= 0) 
            s.push(mat[i++][k--]);
        
        // push all element back to matrix 
        // in reverse order
        i = row, k = j;
        while (i < n && k >= 0) {
            mat[i++][k--] = s.top();
            s.pop();
        }
    }

    // do the same process for all the
    // diagonal which start from last
    // column
    int column = n - 1;
    for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {

        // here we use stack for reversing 
        // the elements of diagonal
        stack<int> s;
        int i = j, k = column;
        while (i < n && k >= 0) 
            s.push(mat[i++][k--]);
        
        // push all element back to matrix 
        // in reverse order
        i = j;
        k = column;
        while (i < n && k >= 0) {
            mat[i++][k--] = s.top();
            s.pop();
        }
    }
}

// Utility function to print a matrix
void printMatrix(vector<vector<int>> &mat, int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            cout << mat[i][j] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
}

// driver program to test above function
int main()
{
    vector<vector<int>> mat = { { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
                               { 5, 6, 7, 8 },
                               { 9, 10, 11, 12 },
                               { 13, 14, 15, 16 } };
    int n = 4;
    imageSwap(mat, n);
    printMatrix(mat, n);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Simple Java program to find mirror of
// matrix across diagonal.

import java.util.*;

class GFG 
{

    static int MAX = 100;

    static void imageSwap(int mat[][], int n) 
    {
        // for diagonal which start from at 
        // first row of matrix
        int row = 0;

        // traverse all top right diagonal
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) 
        {

            // here we use stack for reversing
            // the element of diagonal
            Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<>();
            int i = row, k = j;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                s.push(mat[i++][k--]);
            }

            // push all element back to matrix 
            // in reverse order
            i = row;
            k = j;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                mat[i++][k--] = s.peek();
                s.pop();
            }
        }

        // do the same process for all the
        // diagonal which start from last
        // column
        int column = n - 1;
        for (int j = 1; j < n; j++)
        {

            // here we use stack for reversing 
            // the elements of diagonal
            Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<>();
            int i = j, k = column;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                s.push(mat[i++][k--]);
            }

            // push all element back to matrix 
            // in reverse order
            i = j;
            k = column;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                mat[i++][k--] = s.peek();
                s.pop();
            }
        }
    }

    // Utility function to print a matrix
    static void printMatrix(int mat[][], int n) 
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            {
                System.out.print(mat[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println("");
        }
    }

    // Driver program to test above function
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        int mat[][] = {{1, 2, 3, 4},
        {5, 6, 7, 8},
        {9, 10, 11, 12},
        {13, 14, 15, 16}};
        int n = 4;
        imageSwap(mat, n);
        printMatrix(mat, n);
    }
}

// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji

Python

# Simple Python3 program to find mirror of
# matrix across diagonal.
MAX = 100

def imageSwap(mat, n):
    
    # for diagonal which start from at 
    # first row of matrix
    row = 0
    
    # traverse all top right diagonal
    for j in range(n):
        
        # here we use stack for reversing
        # the element of diagonal
        s = []
        i = row
        k = j
        while (i < n and k >= 0):
            s.append(mat[i][k])
            i += 1
            k -= 1
            
        # push all element back to matrix 
        # in reverse order
        i = row
        k = j
        while (i < n and k >= 0):
            mat[i][k] = s[-1]
            k -= 1
            i += 1
            s.pop()
            
    # do the same process for all the
    # diagonal which start from last
    # column
    column = n - 1
    for j in range(1, n): 
        
        # here we use stack for reversing 
        # the elements of diagonal
        s = []
        i = j
        k = column
        while (i < n and k >= 0):
            s.append(mat[i][k])
            i += 1
            k -= 1
            
        # push all element back to matrix 
        # in reverse order
        i = j
        k = column
        while (i < n and k >= 0):
            mat[i][k] = s[-1]
            i += 1
            k -= 1
            s.pop()

# Utility function to print a matrix
def printMatrix(mat, n):
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
            print(mat[i][j], end=" ")
        print()
        
# Driver code
mat = [[1, 2, 3, 4],[5, 6, 7, 8],
        [9, 10, 11, 12],[13, 14, 15, 16]]
n = 4
imageSwap(mat, n)
printMatrix(mat, n)

# This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10

// Simple C# program to find mirror of
// matrix across diagonal.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

class GFG 
{

    static int MAX = 100;

    static void imageSwap(int [,]mat, int n) 
    {
        // for diagonal which start from at 
        // first row of matrix
        int row = 0;

        // traverse all top right diagonal
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) 
        {

            // here we use stack for reversing
            // the element of diagonal
            Stack<int> s = new Stack<int>();
            int i = row, k = j;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                s.Push(mat[i++,k--]);
            }

            // push all element back to matrix 
            // in reverse order
            i = row;
            k = j;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                mat[i++,k--] = s.Peek();
                s.Pop();
            }
        }

        // do the same process for all the
        // diagonal which start from last
        // column
        int column = n - 1;
        for (int j = 1; j < n; j++)
        {

            // here we use stack for reversing 
            // the elements of diagonal
            Stack<int> s = new Stack<int>();
            int i = j, k = column;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                s.Push(mat[i++,k--]);
            }

            // push all element back to matrix 
            // in reverse order
            i = j;
            k = column;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                mat[i++,k--] = s.Peek();
                s.Pop();
            }
        }
    }

    // Utility function to print a matrix
    static void printMatrix(int [,]mat, int n) 
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            {
                Console.Write(mat[i,j] + " ");
            }
            Console.WriteLine("");
        }
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {

        int [,]mat = {{1, 2, 3, 4},
                    {5, 6, 7, 8},
                    {9, 10, 11, 12},
                    {13, 14, 15, 16}};
        int n = 4;
        imageSwap(mat, n);
        printMatrix(mat, n);
    }
}

/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */

JavaScript

<script>    
    // Simple Javascript program to find mirror of matrix across diagonal.
    
    let MAX = 100;
 
    function imageSwap(mat, n)
    {
        // for diagonal which start from at
        // first row of matrix
        let row = 0;
 
        // traverse all top right diagonal
        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++)
        {
 
            // here we use stack for reversing
            // the element of diagonal
            let s = [];
            let i = row, k = j;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                s.push(mat[i++][k--]);
            }
 
            // push all element back to matrix
            // in reverse order
            i = row;
            k = j;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                mat[i++][k--] = s[s.length - 1];
                s.pop();
            }
        }
 
        // do the same process for all the
        // diagonal which start from last
        // column
        let column = n - 1;
        for (let j = 1; j < n; j++)
        {
 
            // here we use stack for reversing
            // the elements of diagonal
            let s = [];
            let i = j, k = column;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                s.push(mat[i++][k--]);
            }
 
            // push all element back to matrix
            // in reverse order
            i = j;
            k = column;
            while (i < n && k >= 0)
            {
                mat[i++][k--] = s[s.length - 1];
                s.pop();
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Utility function to print a matrix
    function printMatrix(mat, n)
    {
        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            for (let j = 0; j < n; j++)
            {
                document.write(mat[i][j] + " ");
            }
            document.write("</br>");
        }
    }
    
    let mat = [[1, 2, 3, 4],
               [5, 6, 7, 8],
               [9, 10, 11, 12],
               [13, 14, 15, 16]];
    let n = 4;
    imageSwap(mat, n);
    printMatrix(mat, n);
    
</script>

Output:

Time complexity : O(n²)
Auxiliary Space: O(n), as stack is used

An efficient solution to this problem is that if we observe an output matrix, then we notice that we just have to swap (mat[i][j] to mat[j][i]).
Below is the implementation of the above idea.

Implementation:

C++

// Efficient CPP program to find mirror of
// matrix across diagonal.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int MAX = 100;

void imageSwap(vector<vector<int>>&mat, int n)
{
    // traverse a matrix and swap 
    // mat[i][j] with mat[j][i]
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) 
            mat[i][j] = mat[i][j] + mat[j][i] - 
                       (mat[j][i] = mat[i][j]);       
}

// Utility function to print a matrix
void printMatrix(vector<vector<int>> &mat, int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            cout << mat[i][j] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
}

// driver program to test above function
int main()
{
 vector<vector<int>> mat = { { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
                             { 5, 6, 7, 8 },
                             { 9, 10, 11, 12 },
                             { 13, 14, 15, 16 } };
    int n = 4;
    imageSwap(mat, n);
    printMatrix(mat, n);
    return 0;
}

Java

// Efficient Java program to find mirror of
// matrix across diagonal.
import java.io.*;

class GFG {
    
    static int MAX = 100;
    
    static void imageSwap(int mat[][], int n)
    {
        
        // traverse a matrix and swap 
        // mat[i][j] with mat[j][i]
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) 
                mat[i][j] = mat[i][j] + mat[j][i]
                       - (mat[j][i] = mat[i][j]);     
    }
    
    // Utility function to print a matrix
    static void printMatrix(int mat[][], int n)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
                System.out.print( mat[i][j] + " ");
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    
    // driver program to test above function
    public static void main (String[] args) 
    {
        int mat[][] = { { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
                        { 5, 6, 7, 8 },
                        { 9, 10, 11, 12 },
                        { 13, 14, 15, 16 } };
        int n = 4;
        imageSwap(mat, n);
        printMatrix(mat, n);
    }
}

// This code is contributed by anuj_67.

Python

# Efficient Python3 program to find mirror of
# matrix across diagonal.
from builtins import range
MAX = 100;

def imageSwap(mat, n):

    # traverse a matrix and swap
    # mat[i][j] with mat[j][i]
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(i + 1):
            t = mat[i][j];
            mat[i][j] = mat[j][i]
            mat[j][i] = t

# Utility function to print a matrix
def printMatrix(mat, n):
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
            print(mat[i][j], end=" ");
        print();

# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    mat = [1, 2, 3, 4], \
        [5, 6, 7, 8], \
        [9, 10, 11, 12], \
        [13, 14, 15, 16];
    n = 4;
    imageSwap(mat, n);
    printMatrix(mat, n);

# This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

// Efficient C# program to find mirror of
// matrix across diagonal.
using System;
class GFG {
    
    //static int MAX = 100;
    
    static void imageSwap(int [,]mat, int n)
    {
        
        // traverse a matrix and swap 
        // mat[i][j] with mat[j][i]
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) 
                mat[i,j] = mat[i,j] + mat[j,i]
                    - (mat[j,i] = mat[i,j]);     
    }
    
    // Utility function to print a matrix
    static void printMatrix(int [,]mat, int n)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
                Console.Write( mat[i,j] + " ");
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }
    
    // driver program to test above function
    public static void Main () 
    {
        int [,]mat = { { 1, 2, 3, 4 },
                        { 5, 6, 7, 8 },
                        { 9, 10, 11, 12 },
                        { 13, 14, 15, 16 } };
        int n = 4;
        imageSwap(mat, n);
        printMatrix(mat, n);
    }
}

// This code is contributed by anuj_67.

JavaScript

<script>
    // Efficient Javascript program to find mirror of
    // matrix across diagonal.
    
    let MAX = 100;
      
    function imageSwap(mat, n)
    {
          
        // traverse a matrix and swap 
        // mat[i][j] with mat[j][i]
        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (let j = 0; j <= i; j++) 
                mat[i][j] = mat[i][j] + mat[j][i]
                       - (mat[j][i] = mat[i][j]);     
    }
      
    // Utility function to print a matrix
    function printMatrix(mat, n)
    {
        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (let j = 0; j < n; j++)
                document.write(mat[i][j] + " ");
            document.write("</br>");
        }
    }
    
    let mat = [ [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ],
                [ 5, 6, 7, 8 ],
                [ 9, 10, 11, 12 ],
                [ 13, 14, 15, 16 ] ];
    let n = 4;
    imageSwap(mat, n);
    printMatrix(mat, n);
      
</script>

PHP

<?php
// Efficient PHP program to find mirror 
// of matrix across diagonal.

function imageSwap(&$mat, $n)
{
    // traverse a matrix and swap 
    // mat[i][j] with mat[j][i]
    for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++)
        for ($j = 0; $j <= $i; $j++) 
            $mat[$i][$j] = $mat[$i][$j] + $mat[$j][$i] - 
                          ($mat[$j][$i] = $mat[$i][$j]); 
}

// Utility function to print a matrix
function printMatrix(&$mat, $n)
{
    for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++)
    {
        for ($j = 0; $j < $n; $j++)
        {
            echo ($mat[$i][$j]);
            echo (" ");
        }
        echo ("\n");
    }
}

// Driver Code
$mat = array(array(1, 2, 3, 4),
             array(5, 6, 7, 8),
             array(9, 10, 11, 12),
             array(13, 14, 15, 16));
$n = 4;
imageSwap($mat, $n);
printMatrix($mat, $n);

// This code is contributed 
// by Shivi_Aggarwal
?>

Output:

Time complexity : O(n²)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Program for addition of two matrices

Nishant_Singh

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Matrix
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Practice Tags :

Matrix

Mirror of matrix across diagonal

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