Difference between long int and long long int in C/C++

Last Updated : 02 Nov, 2023

All variables use data type during declarations to restrict the type of data to be stored. Therefore, we can say that data types are used to tell the variables the type of data it can store. Whenever a variable is defined in C++, the compiler allocates some memory for that variable based on the data type with which it is declared. Different data types require a different amount of memory.

Integer: The keyword used for integer data types is int. Integers typically require 4 bytes of memory space and range from -2147483648 to 2147483647.

Datatype Modifiers: As the name implies, datatype modifiers are used with the built-in data types to modify the length of data that a particular data type can hold.

Below is a list of ranges along with the memory requirements and format specifiers on the 32-bit GCC compiler.

S. No.	Data Type	Memory (bytes)	Range
1	int	4	-2^31 to 2^31- 1
2	Long int	4	-2^31 to 2^31 – 1
3	Long long int	8	-2^63 to 2^63 – 1

Long long takes the double memory as compared to long. But it can also be different on various systems. Its range depends on the type of application. The guaranteed minimum usable bit sizes for different data types:

char: 8
short:16
int: 16
long: 32
long long: 64

The decreasing order is: long long >=long>=int>=short>=char

Program 1:

In various competitive coding platforms, the constraints are between 10⁷ to 10¹⁸. Below is the program to understand the concept:

C++

// C++ program to implement
// the above approach
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Value of p 10^5
    int p = 100000;
 
    // Value of q 10^5
    int q = 100000;
 
    int result = p * q;
    cout << result << endl;
    return 0;
}

Output

1410065408

As above, the output is not correct as int can’t store a 10¹⁰ value(out of its range). In this case, long long should be used.

Program 2:

Below is the C++ program to demonstrate how converting int to long long affects the output:

C++

// C++ program to implement
// the above approach
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Value of p 10^5
    int p = 100000;
 
    // Value of q 10^5
    int q = 100000;
 
    long long int result = p * q;
    cout << result << endl;
    return 0;
}

Output

1410065408

Explanation: The above program gives the same output even after converting int to long long int because at first, the result is declared as long long. But before assigning the value of multiplication of p and q, it is already overflowed. Now, to prevent the overflow condition, it is required to convert the int result to the long long int before assigning the result value so that the overflow condition does not occur.

Program 3:

Below is the C++ program to implement the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to implement
// the above approach
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Value of p 10^5
    int p = 100000;
 
    // Value of q 10^5
    int q = 100000;
 
    long long int result = (long long int)p * q;
    cout << result << endl;
    return 0;
}

Output

10000000000

Explanation: After this, it gives the correct output, which is 10¹⁰, which can be easily stored into a long long data type as the range is up to 10¹⁸.

Difference between long int and long long int in C/C++ in tabular form:

Feature	long int	long long int
Size	4 bytes on most systems.	8 bytes on most systems.
Syntax	long int x;	long long int x;
Range	-2^31 to 2^31 – 1	-2^63 to 2^63 – 1
Format specifier	%li	%lli
Usage	Used for storing integers with medium range.	Used for storing integers with large range.

Abnormal behavior of floating point and double values

heyy2001

Improve

Article Tags :

Practice Tags :

Difference between long int and long long int in C/C++

C++

C++

C++

Similar Reads

Thank You!

What kind of Experience do you want to share?