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Differences between TCP and UDP

Last Updated : 06 Oct, 2025
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are two core transport layer protocols in computer networking. Below are the differences between them.

Differences between TCP and UDP

Basis Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Type of Service

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. Connection orientation means that the communicating devices should establish a connection before transmitting data and should close the connection after transmitting the data.

UDP is the Datagram-oriented protocol. This is because there is no overhead for opening a connection, maintaining a connection, or terminating a connection. UDP is efficient for broadcast and multicast types of network transmission.

Reliability TCP is reliable as it guarantees the delivery of data to the destination router. The delivery of data to the destination cannot be guaranteed in UDP.
Error checking mechanism

TCP provides extensive error-checking mechanisms. It is because it provides flow control and acknowledgment of data.

UDP has only the basic error-checking mechanism using checksums.
Acknowledgment An acknowledgment segment is present. No acknowledgment segment.
Sequence

Sequencing of data is a feature of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). this means that packets arrive in order at the receiver.

There is no sequencing of data in UDP. If the order is required, it has to be managed by the application layer.
Speed TCP is comparatively slower than UDP. UDP is faster, simpler, and more efficient than TCP.
Retransmission Retransmission of lost packets is possible in TCP, but not in UDP. There is no retransmission of lost packets in the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
Header Length TCP has a (20-60) bytes variable length header. UDP has an 8 bytes fixed-length header.
Weight TCP is heavy-weight. UDP is lightweight.
Handshaking Techniques Uses handshakes such as SYN, ACK, SYN-ACK It's a connectionless protocol i.e. No handshake
Broadcasting TCP doesn't support Broadcasting. UDP supports Broadcasting.
Protocols TCP is used by HTTP, HTTPs , FTP , SMTP and Telnet . UDP is used by DNS , DHCP , TFTP, SNMP , RIP , and VoIP .
Stream Type The TCP connection is a byte stream. UDP connection is a message stream.
Overhead Low but higher than UDP. Very low.
Applications This protocol is primarily utilized in situations when a safe and trustworthy communication procedure is necessary, such as in email, on the web surfing, and in military services. This protocol is used in situations where quick communication is necessary but where dependability is not a concern, such as VoIP, game streaming, video, and music streaming, etc.



TCP VS UDP in Computer Network
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