Check if any level of a perfect Binary Tree forms a Palindrome

Last Updated : 08 Mar, 2022

Given a perfect binary tree consisting of N nodes, the task is to check if the number formed by the nodes in any level of the tree forms a palindrome number or not. The root node is not considered to be a palindrome.
Examples:

Input: Tree[][]:
5

/ \

3 3

/ \ / \

6 2 3 6

Output: Yes
Explanation: 3 and 3 makes a number 33 which is a palindrome

Input: Tree[][]:
6

/ \

3 4

/ \ / \

6 2 1 6

Output: False
Explanation: There is no number formed at any level which is palindrome.

Approach: The task can be solved using a breadth-first search over the tree. Follow the below steps to solve the problem:

Start traversing the tree from the root node
From the next level onwards, maintain the number formed by concatenating all the nodes at that level
Check if it is a palindrome or not

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
struct Node {
    Node* left;
    Node* right;
    int hd;
    int data;
};
 
// Function to create a new node
Node* newNode(int key)
{
    Node* node = new Node();
    node->left = node->right = NULL;
    node->data = key;
    return node;
}
 
// Function to check if the number is
// palindrome or not
bool chkp(int n)
{
    string s = to_string(n);
    string k = s;
    reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
    if (k == s)
        return true;
    return false;
}
 
// Function to find whether any level
// forms a palindromic number
bool chklevel(Node* root)
{
 
    queue<Node*> q;
    q.push(root);
    int k = 1;
    int p = k;
    int n = 0;
 
    // Using breadth-first-search(bfs)
    while (!q.empty()) {
 
        // if new level start
        if (p == 0) {
 
            // If not the first level
            if (k != 1)
 
                // Checking if the number
                // at current level
                // is palindrome
                if (chkp(n)) {
                    return true;
                }
 
            // Entering new level
            k *= 2;
            p = k;
            n = 0;
        }
 
        Node* t = q.front();
        q.pop();
        n = n * 10 + t->data;
        p--;
        if (t->left) {
            q.push(t->left);
        }
        if (t->right) {
            q.push(t->right);
        }
    }
 
    // If number at the last
    // level is palindrome
    if (chkp(n))
        return true;
    return false;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Perfect Binary Tree formation
    Node* root = newNode(5);
    root->left = newNode(3);
    root->right = newNode(3);
    root->left->left = newNode(6);
    root->left->right = newNode(2);
    root->right->right = newNode(6);
    root->right->left = newNode(3);
    if (chklevel(root))
        cout << "Yes";
    else
        cout << "No";
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG{
 
  static class Node {
    Node left;
    Node right;
    int hd;
    int data;
  };
 
  // Function to create a new node
  static Node newNode(int key)
  {
    Node node = new Node();
    node.left = node.right = null;
    node.data = key;
    return node;
  }
  static String reverse(String input) {
    char[] a = input.toCharArray();
    int l, r = a.length - 1;
    for (l = 0; l < r; l++, r--) {
      char temp = a[l];
      a[l] = a[r];
      a[r] = temp;
    }
    return String.valueOf(a);
  }
  // Function to check if the number is
  // palindrome or not
  static boolean chkp(int n)
  {
    String s = String.valueOf(n);
    String k = s;
    s=reverse(s);
    if (k.equals(s))
      return true;
    return false;
  }
 
  // Function to find whether any level
  // forms a palindromic number
  static boolean chklevel(Node root)
  {
 
    Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<>();
    q.add(root);
    int k = 1;
    int p = k;
    int n = 0;
 
    // Using breadth-first-search(bfs)
    while (!q.isEmpty()) {
 
      // if new level start
      if (p == 0) {
 
        // If not the first level
        if (k != 1)
 
          // Checking if the number
          // at current level
          // is palindrome
          if (chkp(n)) {
            return true;
          }
 
        // Entering new level
        k *= 2;
        p = k;
        n = 0;
      }
 
      Node t = q.peek();
      q.remove();
      n = n * 10 + t.data;
      p--;
      if (t.left!=null) {
        q.add(t.left);
      }
      if (t.right!=null) {
        q.add(t.right);
      }
    }
 
    // If number at the last
    // level is palindrome
    if (chkp(n))
      return true;
    return false;
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
     
    // Perfect Binary Tree formation
    Node root = newNode(5);
    root.left = newNode(3);
    root.right = newNode(3);
    root.left.left = newNode(6);
    root.left.right = newNode(2);
    root.right.right = newNode(6);
    root.right.left = newNode(3);
    if (chklevel(root))
      System.out.print("Yes");
    else
      System.out.print("No");
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput

Python3

# Python code for the above approach
class Node:
    def __init__(self, key):
        self.left = None
        self.right = None
        self.hd = 0
        self.data = key
 
# Function to create a  node
 
# Function to check if the number is
# palindrome or not
def chkp(n):
    s = str(n)
    k = s[::-1]
 
    if (k == s):
        return True
    return False
 
# Function to find whether any level
# forms a palindromic number
def chklevel(root):
 
    q = []
    q.append(root)
    k = 1
    p = k
    n = 0
 
    # Using breadth-first-search(bfs)
    while (len(q) != 0):
 
        # if new level start
        if (p == 0):
 
            # If not the first level
            if (k != 1):
 
                # Checking if the number
                # at current level
                # is palindrome
                if (chkp(n)):
                    return True
 
            # Entering new level
            k *= 2
            p = k
            n = 0
 
        t = q[0]
        q.pop(0)
        n = n * 10 + t.data
        p -= 1
        if (t.left != None):
            q.append(t.left)
 
        if (t.right != None):
            q.append(t.right)
 
    # If number at the last
    # level is palindrome
    if (chkp(n)):
        return True
    return False
 
# Driver Code
 
# Perfect Binary Tree formation
root = Node(5)
root.left = Node(3)
root.right = Node(3)
root.left.left = Node(6)
root.left.right = Node(2)
root.right.right = Node(6)
root.right.left = Node(3)
if (chklevel(root)):
    print("Yes")
else:
    print("No")
 
# This code is contributed by Saurabh Jaiswal

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
public class GFG{
 
  class Node {
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
    public int hd;
    public int data;
  };
 
  // Function to create a new node
  static Node newNode(int key)
  {
    Node node = new Node();
    node.left = node.right = null;
    node.data = key;
    return node;
  }
  static String reverse(String input) {
    char[] a = input.ToCharArray();
    int l, r = a.Length - 1;
    for (l = 0; l < r; l++, r--) {
      char temp = a[l];
      a[l] = a[r];
      a[r] = temp;
    }
    return String.Join("",a);
  }
   
  // Function to check if the number is
  // palindrome or not
  static bool chkp(int n)
  {
    String s = String.Join("",n);
    String k = s;
    s=reverse(s);
    if (k.Equals(s))
      return true;
    return false;
  }
 
  // Function to find whether any level
  // forms a palindromic number
  static bool chklevel(Node root)
  {
 
    Queue<Node> q = new Queue<Node>();
    q.Enqueue(root); 
    int k = 1;
    int p = k;
    int n = 0;
 
    // Using breadth-first-search(bfs)
    while (q.Count!=0) {
 
      // if new level start
      if (p == 0) {
 
        // If not the first level
        if (k != 1)
 
          // Checking if the number
          // at current level
          // is palindrome
          if (chkp(n)) {
            return true;
          }
 
        // Entering new level
        k *= 2;
        p = k;
        n = 0;
      }
 
      Node t = q.Peek();
      q.Dequeue();
      n = n * 10 + t.data;
      p--;
      if (t.left!=null) {
        q.Enqueue(t.left);
      }
      if (t.right!=null) {
        q.Enqueue(t.right);
      }
    }
 
    // If number at the last
    // level is palindrome
    if (chkp(n))
      return true;
    return false;
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void Main(String[] args)
  {
     
    // Perfect Binary Tree formation
    Node root = newNode(5);
    root.left = newNode(3);
    root.right = newNode(3);
    root.left.left = newNode(6);
    root.left.right = newNode(2);
    root.right.right = newNode(6);
    root.right.left = newNode(3);
    if (chklevel(root))
      Console.Write("Yes");
    else
      Console.Write("No");
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Javascript

<script>
        // JavaScript code for the above approach 
 
 
        class Node {
            constructor(key) {
                this.left = null;
                this.right = null;
                this.hd = 0;
                this.data = key;
            }
        };
 
        // Function to create a new node
 
 
        // Function to check if the number is
        // palindrome or not
        function chkp(n) {
            let s = (n).toString();
            s = s.split('');
 
            let k = [...s];
            k = k.join('');
            s = s.reverse();
            s = s.join('')
 
            if (k == s)
                return true;
            return false;
        }
 
        // Function to find whether any level
        // forms a palindromic number
        function chklevel(root) {
 
            let q = [];
            q.push(root);
            let k = 1;
            let p = k;
            let n = 0;
 
            // Using breadth-first-search(bfs)
            while (q.length != 0) {
 
                // if new level start
                if (p == 0) {
 
                    // If not the first level
                    if (k != 1)
 
                        // Checking if the number
                        // at current level
                        // is palindrome
                        if (chkp(n)) {
                            return true;
                        }
 
                    // Entering new level
                    k *= 2;
                    p = k;
                    n = 0;
                }
 
                let t = q[0];
                q.shift();
                n = n * 10 + t.data;
                p--;
                if (t.left != null) {
                    q.push(t.left);
                }
                if (t.right != null) {
                    q.push(t.right);
                }
            }
 
            // If number at the last
            // level is palindrome
            if (chkp(n))
                return true;
            return false;
        }
 
        // Driver Code
 
        // Perfect Binary Tree formation
        let root = new Node(5);
        root.left = new Node(3);
        root.right = new Node(3);
        root.left.left = new Node(6);
        root.left.right = new Node(2);
        root.right.right = new Node(6);
        root.right.left = new Node(3);
        if (chklevel(root))
            document.write("Yes");
        else
            document.write("No");
 
 
       // This code is contributed by Potta Lokesh
    </script>

Output

Yes

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)

Count of maximum distinct Rectangles possible with given Perimeter

shreyanshgupta838

Improve

Article Tags :

Practice Tags :

Check if any level of a perfect Binary Tree forms a Palindrome

C++

Java

Python3

C#

Javascript

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