Callbacks and Events in NodeJS

Callbacks and events are fundamental building blocks for asynchronous programming in NodeJS. They're essential for handling operations that might take some time, ensuring your application handles asynchronous operations smoothly.

Callback in NodeJS

In NodeJS, Callbacks are functions passed as arguments to other functions and executed when the task completes. This is how NodeJS handles tasks that take time, like getting data from the internet, without making your program wait.

When an asynchronous function is executed, Node.js does not wait for it to complete. Instead, it moves on to the next task and invokes the callback function once the asynchronous operation finishes.

function fetchData(callback) {
    setTimeout(() => {
        const data = 'Sample Data';
        callback(null, data); 
    }, 1000);
}

fetchData((error, data) => {
    if (error) {
        console.error('Error:', error);
    } else {
        console.log('Data:', data);
    }
});

In this example

• fetchData simulates an asynchronous operation using setTimeout.
• It accepts a callback function to handle the result.
• After 1 second, it calls the callback with null (indicating no error) and the data.
• The callback checks for errors and logs the data if successful.

Output:

Types of Callbacks

1. Synchronous Callback: A callback that is executed immediately within the same function execution.
2. Asynchronous Callback: A callback that is executed after an asynchronous operation completes.

To learn more about callbacks, you can refer to the Article - Callback in NodeJS

Events in NodeJS

In NodeJS, events are actions or occurrences that the application can detect and respond to, such as 'data' or 'error'. The EventEmitter class enables objects to emit events and allows listeners to handle them asynchronously, handling non-blocking operations.

const EventEmitter = require('events');

// Create a new instance of EventEmitter
const eventEmitter = new EventEmitter();

// Register an event listener for the 'greet' event
eventEmitter.on('greet', () => {
    console.log('Hello, welcome to Node.js!');
});

// Emit the 'greet' event
eventEmitter.emit('greet');

In this example

• We use EventEmitter to create something that can send and listen for events.
• eventEmitter.on is how we say "Hey, when the 'greet' event happens, run this code."
• eventEmitter.emit is how we actually make the 'greet' event happen. This triggers the code we set up to run.

Output:

To learn more about events in NodeJS, check out the article - Events in NodeJS

Callbacks vs Events