Calculate Trace of a Matrix in R Programming - tr() Function Last Updated : 15 Jul, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report tr() function in R Language is used to calculate the trace of a matrix. Trace of a matrix is the sum of the values on the main diagonal(upper left to lower right) of the matrix. Syntax: tr(x) Parameters: x: Matrix Example 1: Python3 1== # R program to calculate # trace of a matrix # Loading library library(psych) # Creating a matrix A = matrix( c(6, 1, 1, 4, -2, 5, 2, 8, 7), nrow = 3, ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE ) A # Calling tr() function cat("Trace of A:\n") tr(A) Output: [, 1] [, 2] [, 3] [1, ] 6 1 1 [2, ] 4 -2 5 [3, ] 2 8 7 Trace of A: [1] 11 Example 2: Python3 1== # R program to calculate # trace of a matrix # Loading library library(psych) # Creating a matrix A = matrix(c(1:9), 3, 3) A # Calling tr() function cat("Trace of A:\n") tr(A) Output: [, 1] [, 2] [, 3] [1, ] 1 4 7 [2, ] 2 5 8 [3, ] 3 6 9 Trace of A: [1] 15 Create Quiz Comment N nidhi_biet Follow 0 Improve N nidhi_biet Follow 0 Improve Article Tags : R Language R Matrix-Function Explore R Tutorial | Learn R Programming Language 4 min read IntroductionR Programming Language - Introduction 4 min read Interesting Facts about R Programming Language 4 min read R vs Python 5 min read Environments in R Programming 3 min read Introduction to R Studio 4 min read How to Install R and R Studio? 4 min read Creation and Execution of R File in R Studio 5 min read Clear the Console and the Environment in R Studio 2 min read Hello World in R Programming 2 min read Fundamentals of RBasic Syntax in R Programming 3 min read Comments in R 3 min read R-Operators 5 min read R-Keywords 2 min read R-Data Types 5 min read VariablesR Variables - Creating, Naming and Using Variables in R 5 min read Scope of Variable in R 5 min read Dynamic Scoping in R Programming 5 min read Lexical Scoping in R Programming 4 min read Input/OutputTaking Input from User in R Programming 7 min read Printing Output of an R Program 4 min read Print the Argument to the Screen in R Programming - print() Function 2 min read Control FlowControl Statements in R Programming 4 min read Decision Making in R Programming - if, if-else, if-else-if ladder, nested if-else, and switch 3 min read Switch case in R 2 min read For loop in R 5 min read R - while loop 5 min read R - Repeat loop 2 min read goto statement in R Programming 2 min read Break and Next statements in R 3 min read FunctionsFunctions in R Programming 5 min read Function Arguments in R Programming 4 min read Types of Functions in R Programming 6 min read Recursive Functions in R Programming 4 min read Conversion Functions in R Programming 4 min read Data StructuresData Structures in R Programming 4 min read R Strings 6 min read R-Vectors 4 min read R-Lists 6 min read R - Array 7 min read R-Matrices 10 min read R-Factors 4 min read R-Data Frames 6 min read Object Oriented ProgrammingR-Object Oriented Programming 7 min read Classes in R Programming 3 min read R-Objects 3 min read Encapsulation in R Programming 3 min read Polymorphism in R Programming 6 min read R - Inheritance 7 min read Abstraction in R Programming 3 min read Looping over Objects in R Programming 5 min read S3 class in R Programming 8 min read Explicit Coercion in R Programming 3 min read Error HandlingHandling Errors in R Programming 3 min read Condition Handling in R Programming 5 min read Debugging in R Programming 3 min read Like