Business Studies Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025 Comments Improve Suggest changes Like Article Like Report Business Studies is defined as the area of study that talks about the principles of business, economics and management. It is taught at the secondary level in India as an academic elective. It covers management, marketing, and finance. GeeksforGeeks Business Studies covers every topic, like Business, Commerce, Forms of Business Organisation, Business Services, Business Finance, Social Responsibility, Business Ethics, International Business, Functions of Management, Principles of Management, Marketing, Stock Exchange, Training, Recruiting, Planning, etc.Table of Content Business, Trade, and CommerceForms of Business OrganisationPrivate, Public, and Global EnterprisesBusiness ServicesEmerging Modes of BusinessSocial Responsibilities of Business and Business EthicsFormation of a CompanySources of Business FinanceSmall BusinessInternal TradeInternational BusinessNature and Significance of ManagementPrinciples of ManagementBusiness EnvironmentPlanningOrganisingStaffingDirectingControllingFinancial ManagementFinancial MarketsMarketingConsumer ProtectionCBSE Previous Year Papers (2020)Business Studies Notes for CBSE Class 11thBusiness Studies Notes for CBSE Class 12thBusiness, Trade, and CommerceIntroduction to BusinessDifference between Business, Profession, and EmploymentTrade and Auxiliaries to TradeWhat is Business Risk?Basic Factors for Starting a BusinessTypes of Industries- Primary, Secondary, and TertiaryForms of Business OrganisationForms of Business OrganizationSole Proprietorship | Features of Sole ProprietorshipAdvantages and Disadvantages of Sole ProprietorshipWhat is Joint Hindu Family Business (Hindu Undivided Family Business) ?Advantages and Disadvantages of Joint Hindu Family BusinessAdvantages and Disadvantages of a PartnershipTypes of PartnersCooperative Society – Meaning, Features, and TypesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Cooperative SocietyJoint Stock Company: Meaning, Features, and TypesAdvantages and Disadvantages of a Joint Stock CompanyChoice of Form of Business OrganisationPrivate, Public, and Global EnterprisesPrivate, Public, and Global EnterprisesForms of Organizing Public Sector EnterprisesDifference between Private and Public SectorWhat is Statutory Corporation? | Meaning and FeaturesMerits and Demerits of Statutory CorporationWhat is a Government Company? | Meaning, Features, and SuitabilityMerits and Demerits of Government CompanyWhat is Departmental Undertaking ? | Meaning, features, and SuitabilityMerits and Demerits of Departmental UndertakingChanging Role of Public SectorGovernment Policy towards Public Sector since 1991What are Global Enterprises?Benefits and Types of Joint VenturePublic Private Partnership (PPP) : Meaning, Features, Applications, Advantages and DisadvantagesBusiness ServicesTypes of Business ServicesDifference between Goods and ServicesNature and Types of ServicesTypes of BankingMeaning and Benefits of e-BankingWhat is Insurance? | Functions of InsurancePrinciples of InsuranceTypes of InsuranceLife Insurance: Meaning, Elements, and Types of Life Insurance PoliciesFire Insurance: Meaning, Claim for Loss (Conditions) and Elements of Fire Insurance ContractWhat is Marine Insurance?Difference between Life, Marine, and Fire InsuranceCommunication Services: Postal and Telecom ServicesTypes of General InsuranceWarehousing Services: Meaning, Types and FunctionEmerging Modes of BusinessIntroduction to Emerging Modes of Businesse-Business: Benefits and LimitationsScope of e-Business: B2B Commerce| B2C Commerce|C2C Commerce|Intra B-CommerceWhat is e-commerce? Explain benefits and types of e-commerce.Difference between E-business and Traditional BusinessWhat is an Online Transaction?Types of e-business RisksOutsourcing: Meaning, Features, Scope, Types of OSP, BPOConcern over OutsourcingSocial Responsibilities of Business and Business EthicsSocial Responsibilities of a Business and its NeedTypes of Social Responsibilities of a BusinessBusiness Ethics – Meaning, Benefits and ElementSocial Responsibility towards Different Interest GroupsBusiness and Environmental Protection: Causes and Types of Pollution, Need for Pollution Control and Role of Business in Environment ProtectionFormation of a CompanyFormation of a CompanyPromotion of a Company: Meaning, Documents and Steps InvolvedWho is a Promoter?What is Incorporation?Difference between Articles of Association and Memorandum of AssociationSteps required for raising Funds from PublicOne Person Company: Meaning and CharacteristicsSources of Business FinanceBusiness Finance: Sources and Factors Affecting the Choice of the Source of FundsBusiness Finance: Meaning, Nature, and SignificanceSources of Funds and its ClassificationWhat are the Different Sources of Finance?Retained Earnings: Meaning, Features, Advantages and LimitationsTrade Credit: Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of FactoringLease Financing – Meaning, Advantages and DisadvantagesPublic Deposits: Advantages and DisadvantagesCommercial Paper | Features and TypesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Commercial PaperIssue of Shares | Meaning and Types of SharesEquity Shares : Merits and DemeritsPreference Shares : Types, Merits and DemeritsWhat do you mean by Debenture? Explain its Types, Advantages, and DisadvantagesCommercial Banks: Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Financial InstitutionsInternational Financing: Meaning and Sources of International FinancingFactors Affecting the Choice of the Source of FundsSmall BusinessMSME and Business EntrepreneurshipImportance and Types of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)Internal TradeIntroduction to Internal TradeWhat is Internal Trade?Wholesale Trade and Services of WholesalersServices Offered by WholesalersServices Offered by RetailersDifference between Wholesaler and RetailerTypes of Retailers: Itinerant Retailers and Fixed Shop RetailersWhat are Departmental Stores?What are Chain or Multiple Stores?Difference between Departmental Stores and Multiple StoresMail Order Houses: Meaning, Advantages, and DisadvantagesConsumer Cooperative Stores: Meaning, Advantages, and DisadvantagesSuper Markets - Characteristics, Advantages and DisadvantagesWhat is External Trade?What is GST? Types, Features, Benefits, Input Tax Credit, GST CouncilRole of Commerce and Industry Associations in Promotion of Internal TradeInternational BusinessIntroduction to International BusinessInternational Business: Meaning, Reason, Scope and BenefitsDifference between International Trade and International BusinessDifference between Domestic Business and International BusinessModes of Entry into International BusinessExporting and Importing - Meaning, Advantages and DisadvantagesContract Manufacturing: Meaning, Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Licensing and FranchisingJoint Ventures: Meaning, Advantages and DisadvantagesWholly Owned Subsidiaries: Meaning, Advantages, and DisadvantagesWhat is Export Procedure?Steps in Import ProcedureDocuments required in Import TransactionForeign Trade Promotion Measures and SchemesOrganisational Support in International BusinessInternational Monetary Fund (IMF): Objectives and FunctionsWorld Trade Organisation (WTO): Features, Functions and ObjectivesNature and Significance of ManagementWhat is Management? Concept, Characteristics, Objectives, Importance and FunctionsDifference between Effectiveness and EfficiencyNature of Management as a Science, Art and Profession Coordination – The Essence of Management | Concept, Features and ImportanceDifference between Coordination and CooperationPrinciples of ManagementNature and Significance of Principles of Management14 Principles of Management by Henri FayolDifference between Unity of Command and Unity of DirectionPrinciples of Scientific ManagementTechniques of Scientific ManagementDifference between Time Study and Motion StudyDifference between Fayol and Taylor Theories of ManagementBusiness EnvironmentWhat is Business Environment ? | Meaning and FeaturesImportance of Business EnvironmentDimensions of Business EnvironmentEconomic Environment in IndiaNew Industrial Policy and its impact on the BusinessConcept and Features of DemonetizationPlanningFeatures, Importance and Limitations of PlanningPlanning Process: Concept and StepsTypes of Plans: Standing Plan and Single-use PlanDifference between Standing Plans and Single-Use PlansDifference between Procedures and MethodsDifference between Procedures and RulesDifference between Policies and RulesDifference between Rules and MethodsOrganisingOrganising- Meaning, Importance and ProcessTypes of Organisation StructureDifference between Functional Structure and Divisional StructureFormal and Informal OrganisationDifference between Formal and Informal OrganisationElements and Importance of DelegationDifference between Authority, Responsibility and AccountabilityCentralization and DecentralizationDifference between Centralization and DecentralizationDifference between Delegation and DecentralizationStaffingFeatures and Importance of StaffingStaffing and Human Resource ManagementStaffing ProcessSources of Recruitment (Internal and External: Meaning, Merits and Demerits)Difference between Internal Recruitment and External RecruitmentSteps in Selection ProcessDifference between Recruitment and SelectionImportance of Training and Development to Organisation and EmployeesMethods of Training: On-the-Job Methods and Off-the-Job MethodsDifference between On-the-Job Training Methods and Off-the-Job Training MethodsDifference between Training and DevelopmentDifference between Training, Development and EducationDirectingDirecting: Meaning, Characteristics and ImportancePrinciples and Elements of DirectingImportance of SupervisionFeatures and Importance of MotivationProcess of MotivationMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs TheoryFeatures and Importance of LeadershipTypes of Leadership Styles10 Qualities of a Good LeaderDifference between a Manager and a LeaderNature and Importance of CommunicationElements of Communication ProcessCommunication Channels | Formal and InformalFormal Communication: Meaning, Types, Networks, Merits and DemeritsInformal Communication: Meaning, Networks, Merits and DemeritsBarriers to Effective CommunicationMeasures to improve Communication EffectivenessControllingControlling: Nature, Importance, and LimitationsRelationship between Planning and ControllingProcess of ControllingFinancial ManagementRole and Objectives of Financial ManagementKinds of Financial DecisionsInvestment Decision: Meaning and Factors affecting Investment DecisionFinancing Decision: Meaning and Factors affecting Financing DecisionDividend Decision: Meaning and Factors affecting Dividend DecisionFinancial Planning: Objectives and ImportanceWhat is Capital StructureFactors affecting the choice of Capital StructureWhat is Fixed Capital and Working Capital?Fixed Capital: Meaning, Importance and Factors Affecting Requirement of Fixed Capital Working Capital: Meaning, Types, Operating Cycle and Factors Affecting the Working CapitalFinancial MarketsFinancial Market: Meaning, Functions, and ClassificationInstruments of Money MarketWhat is Capital Market?Difference between Money Market and Capital MarketWhat are the different Methods of Floatation of Securities in Primary Market?Difference between Primary Market and Secondary MarketDepository System: Meaning, Services and ConstituentsWhat is National Stock Exchange of India (NSEI)?What is Over the Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI)?Difference between NSEI and OTCEISecurities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI): Objectives and FunctionsMarketingMarketing: Features and FunctionsDifference between Selling and MarketingMarketing Management PhilosophiesWhat is Marketing Mix?What is Product Mix?Classification of ProductsDifference between Convenience Products, Shopping Products and Speciality ProductsDifference between Consumer Products and Industrial ProductsWhat is Branding?Packaging: Levels, Importance and FunctionsWhat is Labelling?Price Mix: Meaning and Factors Affecting Price DeterminationWhat is Place/Physical Distribution Mix?Types of Distribution ChannelsFactors Determining Choice of Channels of DistributionComponents of Physical DistributionWhat is Promotion Mix?Advertising: Features, Merits and DemeritsObjections to AdvertisingPersonal Selling: Features, Merits and RoleQualities of a Good SalesmanDifference between Advertising and Personal SellingSales Promotion: Merits, Demerits and Activities/ TechniquesWhat is Public Relations?Consumer ProtectionConsumer Protection: Meaning, Importance and MeansConsumer Rights and ResponsibilitiesConsumer Protection Act 1986 v/s Consumer Protection Act 2019Redressal Agencies under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019Remedies available to Consumers under Consumer Protection Act 2019CBSE Previous Year Papers (2020)CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Solved Question Paper-2019 Set 1CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Solved Question Paper 2019 Code (66-2-1)CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Solved Question Paper- 2020 Set 1CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Solved Question Paper- 2020 Set 2Business Studies Notes for CBSE Class 11th The notes contain 11 chapters covering every important topic, like Business, Commerce, Forms of Business Organisation, Business Services, Business Finance, Social Responsibility, Business Ethics, International Business, and many more. These notes are enough for learning basic and crucial knowledge about business studies from scratch. Business Studies Notes for CBSE Class 12thThe notes contain 12 chapters covering every important topic, like Functions of Management, Principles of Management, Marketing, Stock Exchange, Training, Recruiting, Planning, and many more. Comment More infoAdvertise with us S sayebanaushad Follow Improve Article Tags : Business Studies Commerce Tutorials Commerce - 11th Commerce - 12th +1 More Similar Reads Commerce Commerce is concerned with the activities involving taking goods and services from manufacturers and delivering them to users. The basic motive of commerce is ensuring the proper flow of goods and services in the market for the ease of manufacturers and consumers. With the help of commerce, an indiv 6 min read AccountancyCBSE Class 11 Accountancy NotesAccountancy is a practice through which business transactions are recorded, classified, and reported for the proper and successful running of an organization. GeeksforGeeks Class 11 Accountancy Notes have been designed according to the CBSE Syllabus for Class 11. These revision notes consist of deta 8 min read CBSE Class 12 Accountancy NotesAccountancy is a practice through which business transactions are recorded, classified, and reported for the proper and successful running of an organization. GeeksforGeeks Class 12 Accountancy Notes have been designed according to the CBSE Syllabus for Class 12. These revision notes consist of deta 15 min read AccountancyAccountancy is the process of measuring, processing and recording an organization’s financial and non-financial statements. It has a wider scope than Accounting as it is the route to the Accounting process. Accountancy is responsible for prescribing the accounting conventions, principles, and techni 14 min read Business StudiesCBSE Class 11 Business Studies NotesBusiness Studies is the area of study that talks about the principles of business, economics and management. GeeksforGeeks Class 11 Business Studies Notes have been designed according to the CBSE Syllabus for Class 11. These revision notes consist of detailed Chapterwise important topics and concept 9 min read CBSE Class 12 Business Studies NotesBusiness Studies is a study of how to control and manage an organization effectively and efficiently. After providing the basic knowledge about Business Studies in Class 11 Notes, GeeksforGeeks has designed Notes for Class 12 Business Studies according to the CBSE Syllabus. The mentioned below Chapt 9 min read Business StudiesBusiness Studies is defined as the area of study that talks about the principles of business, economics and management. 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