Halakandi & Halas in Historical Perspective: Tracing the Genealogies and Roots of various Clans and Dynasties in Sindh & Indian History

Table of Contents

Author’s Profile

Preface

Chapter One:- Sindhu Kingdom

Chapter Two: Sindh Vs Sindhi Languagea.

a. History of Sindhi Language

b. Antiquity of Sindhi language

c. The Sindhi Script

d. Origin of Sindhi Language after British Rule

Chapter Three: Surname of Tribes & Clans of Sindh

Chapter Four:- Jatt Tribe

a History of Jatts in Sindh

b. Origin of Jatt Name

c. Jatts of Sindh

d. Migration of Jatts from Sindh

e. Major Muslim Clans of Jatts

Chapter Five: Different Genealogy Appendix of Hala Clan

Appendix A - Persian Book, Tuhfatulkiram

Appendix B - Person Book, History of Sindh

Appendix C - Book Antiques of Kutch & Kathiawar

Appendix D - Hand Written Persian Book, Nasabnama Sindh

Appendix E.-.Book of Mirza Kalich Beg Ancient Sindh

Appendix F - Book Janat ul Sindh

Appendix G.-.Book, Zaatten Ji Encyclopedia

Appendix H - Book Clans, People &Tribes in Sindh

Appendix I.- Hand Written Hindi Book by Bhagoomal

(Written in 236 Sanbat)

Chapter Six: – Halakandi

a. Origin of Halakandi

b. Existence of Halakandi

c. Naming of Halakandi

d. Progress of Hala Clan

e. Destruction of Halakandi Town

Chapter Seven: Origin of Hala Clan

a. Origin of Hala Clan

b. Where to link Halas to Halo

c. Further assumptions about the Origin of the Hala Clan

Chapter Eight: Historical Facts about origin of Hala Clan

a. Family Tree of Jadeja Dynasty of Kutch State

b. Ancestry of Bharatpur rulers starting from Yadu by James Tod

c. Genealogy of Satavahanas Dynasty

d. The Andhra rulers:

e. Genealogy as per Andhra Dynasty:

f. Some Assumptions

Chapter Nine: King Haleya / Hala

a. Shunga dynasty and its genealogy

b. Genealogy of Maharaja Haleya / Hala

Chapter Ten:- Origin of Hala New & Hala Old

a. The Names, Hala and Halo as known

b. Origin & History of Hala New Town (Hala Nawan)

c. Origin & History of Hala Old Town (Hala Purana)

d. Education Level

Chapter Eleven: The City of Crafts

Images of Hala Handmade Handicrafts

Chapter Twelve: Sites of Interest

a. Mausoleum of Hazrat Makhdoom Noah

b. Mausoleum of Shah Latif Bhittai

c. Tombs of Khudabad

d. The Fort of Sadga

e. Shrine of Noah Hoathian

Chapter Thirteen: Genealogical History of Halas

a. Origin from Saam & Sammas

b. Genealogy as Per Tuhfatukiram

c. Genealogy as Per Nasabnama Sindh

d. Genealogy as Per Clans, People &Tribes in Sindh

e. Genealogy as Per Antiques of Kutch & Kathiawar

f. Genealogy as Per Batten Ji Encyclopedia

Chapter Fourteen: Halas & Ancestry of Arbabs of Hala

a. Background of Halas of Halakandi

b. Ancestral Tree of Halas (Arbabs) of Hala

Chapter Fifteen: Legend Personalities of Halas (Arbabs)

Photos of Legends of Halas (Arbabs) of Hala Towny

Chapter Sixteen: Hala Mountain

Chapter Seventeen:- Places & Personalities after Name Hala

Chapter Eighteen: Makhdooms of Hala

a. Makhdoom Noah

b. Ancestral Tree of Makhdooms of Hala

Chapter Nighteen: Sufi Saints in Hala Towns

a. Makhdoom Noah

b. Anecdotes of Makhdoom Noah

c. Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai

d. Anecdotes of Shah Latif Bhitta

e. Hazrat Noah Hoathiani

f. Makhdoom Arabi Dahayano

g. Shah Diwano Halai

Chapter Twenty: Military Importance of Hala Town

a. Extracts from book Sindh under Mughals by Mohd Saleem

b. Extracts from book History of Sindh by Mirza Kalich Baig

c. Extracts from book Sir Charles Napier and Sindh by Lambrick

d. Other Extracts

Bibliography

Description Book

Author’s Profile

Munawar Arbab, born on July 1, 1940, in Hala New, is a highly accomplished professional with a diverse background in banking, education, and literature. He is the son of Haji Abdul Ghani Arbab, also known as Mohammad Parial Halo. Arbab’s early education was marked by excellence, as he completed his matriculation in 1956 from M.G. Government High School, Hala New, followed by a B.Sc. from D.J. Science College, Karachi. In 1966, he earned his MBA from the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi.

Banking Career and Professional Achievements

With over 35 years of experience in banking, both domestically and internationally, he held senior positions in Pakistan and Switzerland. His expertise spans a wide range of banking functions, reinforced by his participation in specialized training programs. He completed several prestigious courses under World Bank Training Program, including:

Project Appraisal and Financing from IDA, Dublin, Ireland in August 1987,

Banking and Financial Management from The Business School, City University, London in June 1989

Throughout his career, he has been nominated to important positions in various finance and social organizations, such as:

Member of the Finance Committee, Karachi Chamber of Commerce & Industry (KCC&I) in 1989,

Finance Secretary, Bankers Club, Karachi in 1989,

Vice President, Pak Swiss Cultural Association, Bern, Switzerland in 1991-1992,

Director, Pak Swiss Chamber of Commerce, Zurich, Switzerland in 1992-1993,

Member of the financial committee of the Central Anticorruption Committee of Government of Pakistan, where he conducted multiple high-profile inquiries into financial corruption from 1994 to 1996.

Academic Contributions

Following his retirement from banking, he shifted his focus to education. As a visiting faculty member at several universities in Karachi, he shared his knowledge of banking with MBA students, teaching subjects such as Banking Law & Practice & Commercial Banking. His commitment to nurturing the next generation of bankers has been widely appreciated in academic circles.

Literary and Historical Contributions

In addition to his professional achievements, Munawar Arbab is an accomplished author. His published works include:

Understanding Concepts of Commercial Banking, a comprehensive guide on commercial banking practices,

Mystical Poetry of a Sufi poet, Shah Latif Bhittai, a translation of spiritual and sufism poetry of Shah Latif Bhittai in English,

iii. Sufi Saints of Indus Value which seems like a valuable exploration of the rich spiritual and cultural heritage of the region. The Indus Valley has long been a cradle of Sufi thought, with its saints advocating peace, love, and harmony. Highlighting their lives and teachings not only preserves history but also offers timeless lessons on spirituality and the human connection with the divine.

His efforts to document this is significant for those interested in Sufism, spiritual history, and the cultural fabric of South Asia.

What inspired him to write about the saints of the Indus Valley?

His literary contributions extend to the promotion of Sindhi culture, with a particular focus on the spiritual poetry of Shah Latif Bhittai. Arbab’s dedication lies to translating and preserving the rich heritage of Sindhi culture along with its genealogy.

Preface

I come from Hala New; district Matiari having been born there in the family of Abdul Ghani Arbab alias Muhammad Parial Halo. A long time back, when I was still a teenager my father told me about the origin of our clan some say we are of Samaat origin, others say we are of Arab origin, others say we have migrated from Thatta and other still say we are a branch of Jaat.

Although my father was an educated man being the first one to have passed matriculation examinations from both Hala New and Old, but he knew little of the origin of our clan except to hear sayings and fairy tales with no concrete authentication. During the discussion, he asked if anybody from our clan can come forward to work on it, to which I offered myself with the promise that I would endeavor to accomplish your wish. Thus, I undertook to take this challenge as a mission for the reasons:

a). Desire of my loving father,

b). As my father’s name reflects, I come from the Hala clan of Hala; so, I myself had the pure quest to know myself, my ancestors, and my clan (Hala tribe).

After completing of my education i.e. matric from Govt. high School Hala New, B.Sc. from D.J. Science College, Karachi, and M.B.A from Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, I joined banking career. During the next period of my busy 40 years of professional job career both at the domestic and international levels, usual living affairs to family life, children’s education/marriages, and business, I could hardly give attention to this project. After retirement, I wrote the following books:

i. Spiritual Poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai,

ii. Understanding Concepts of Commercial Banking.

I had never forgotten my father’s wish, and when I got the opportunity I started putting my efforts into accomplishing it. While writing these pages I have consulted many books in different libraries such as The British Library (London), Advocate Khalid Ishaque Library, Sindh University, Institute of Sindhology, Ghulam Hyder Library (Hala New), Qazi Shaukat Library, Pir Jhando Sharif Library, and many more. I also consulted and obtained guidance from many educated and learned people who specialize in having written books on the History, People, Tribes, and Clans of Sindh.

However, I would suggest the readers to first keep in mind the genealogy of the Sammat tribes of Sindh, who are the descendants of the Jatt samma tribe. Historically the Samma are the descendants of Raja Haspat or Raja Samon or Raja Saam, and thus it is pertinent to record that the ancestors of the Samaa tribe belonged to Hinduism or Buddhism. So as Hala is a sammat clan, their ancestors also fall in that category. Readers will observe and appreciate that while searching my ancestors, I have vigored myself to discover the last link of my ancestor’s genealogical origin though they may be Hindu or Budh or Jain.

I am thankful to my family, my son, Kashif Munawar, and to Qazi Manzoor Qureshi, who went through to edit the book, and. I also thank to late Qazi Shaukat of Hala Old, Soz Halai, Prof. Ghulam Mohammad Lakho, Late Ahmad Ali Abbasi, Ghulam Rasool Bhan of Tando Bago, Dr. Lal Mohammad Naich without whose assistance, and support this task could not have been possibly achieved.

Munawar Arbab (Halo)

[email protected]

Chapter One:- Sindhu Kingdom

Sindh history before conquering Sindh by Mohammadan forces in712 AD

Brahmin dynast,y also known as Chach dynasty, (632– 712 CE)

The dynasty was founded by a Brahmin named Chach of Arore after he married the widow of Rai Sahasi II and usurped the Buddhist Rai Dynasty. His claim was further secured by the killing of Rai Sahasi II's brother, the known rulers of the Brahmin dynasty are Chach (632– c. 671), Chandar (671– c. 679) and Dahir (679 –. 712). This dynasty ended when it was conquered by Mohammedan forces under the command of General Mohammad Bin Qasim in 712 CE.

The Rai dynasty (489–632 AD)

What is known about the dynasty comes from the Chach Nama; The Rais reigned for a period of 144 years.  hey allegedly had familial ties with other rulers of South Asia including Kashmir, Kabul, Rajasthan, Gujarat etc. The origin of their earlier kings/raja origins remains unknown. But the known kings in history (Chachnama) are Rai Diwaji, Rai Sahiras I, and Rai Sahasi who ruled for 144 years

Hind Sasanian Dynasty (262-484 CE)

Hind was the name of a southeastern Sasanian province lying near the Indus River. The boundaries of the province are obscure. The Austrian historian and numismatist Nikolaus Schindel has suggested that the province may have corresponded to the Sindh region. According to the modern historian C. J. Brunner, the province possibly included whenever jurisdiction was established the areas of the Indus River, including the southern part of Punjab.

The Sasanians toppled the Parthian Empire in 224 CE, and eastern Parthian territories were probably captured under Ardashir I (224-240 CE), the founder of the Sasanian Empire (the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th–8th centuries AD) and his son Shapur I (240-272 CE). In 484 CE, the Sasanian Emperor Peroz I was defeated by the Hephthalites and had to cede the area to Bactria to them. Around the same time, the Sasanian Empire probably also had to cede the territory of Zabulistan to the Nezak Huns. Sassanid Empire consisted today’s Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Iran, Tajikistan and Uzbeskis

Rāṇāditya Satya reads as Raṇa Datasatya (480 CE)

He was