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    Pneumatics: Driving Precision and Power in Robotics Science
    Pneumatics: Driving Precision and Power in Robotics Science
    Pneumatics: Driving Precision and Power in Robotics Science
    Ebook272 pages3 hoursRobotics Science

    Pneumatics: Driving Precision and Power in Robotics Science

    By Fouad Sabry

    ()

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    About this ebook

    In an era where automation and robotics shape our industries, understanding the fundamentals of pneumatics is essential. This book serves as a comprehensive guide to pneumatic systems, vital for engineers, students, and enthusiasts alike. With detailed insights into each component and their interconnections, readers will appreciate the significance of pneumatic technology in modern robotics. Invest in your knowledge and skills to stay ahead in this rapidly evolving field— the benefits of this book far exceed its cost.


    Chapters Brief Overview:


    1: Pneumatics: Explore the basics of pneumatic systems and their role in automation.


    2: Valve: Understand the function of valves in controlling airflow and pressure.


    3: Air compressor: Discover how air compressors generate and supply pressurized air.


    4: Actuator: Learn about actuators and their importance in converting energy into motion.


    5: Fluid power: Examine the principles of fluid power systems in mechanical applications.


    6: Compressor: Delve into different types of compressors and their operational efficiencies.


    7: Hydropneumatic suspension: Analyze the integration of pneumatics and hydraulics in suspensions.


    8: Hydraulic accumulator: Understand the purpose and function of hydraulic accumulators.


    9: Working fluid: Learn about the characteristics and selection of working fluids in pneumatics.


    10: Automobile accessory power: Explore how pneumatics enhance automotive functionality.


    11: Hydraulic machinery: Investigate the role of pneumatic systems in hydraulic machinery.


    12: Hydraulic brake: Discover the mechanics behind hydraulic brakes in various vehicles.


    13: Hydropneumatic device: Learn about devices combining hydraulic and pneumatic principles.


    14: Pneumatic artificial muscles: Examine the innovation of artificial muscles powered by air.


    15: Pneumatic cylinder: Understand the design and operation of pneumatic cylinders.


    16: Air brake (road vehicle): Delve into the functionality of air brakes in road transport.


    17: Pneumatic circuit: Explore the design and operation of pneumatic circuits in systems.


    18: Valve actuator: Learn how valve actuators enhance the control of pneumatic systems.


    19: Telescopic cylinder: Discover the applications and benefits of telescopic cylinders.


    20: Shuttle valve: Understand the purpose of shuttle valves in directing fluid flow.


    21: Rotary actuator: Explore rotary actuators and their pivotal role in machinery.


    Embrace the knowledge contained within this book and unlock the potential of pneumatic systems in robotics science. Ideal for professionals and students, this resource will enhance your understanding and practical skills, ensuring you are wellprepared for the challenges of tomorrow.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherOne Billion Knowledgeable
    Release dateJan 21, 2025
    Pneumatics: Driving Precision and Power in Robotics Science

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      Book preview

      Pneumatics - Fouad Sabry

      Chapter 1: Pneumatics

      Pneumatics (from Greek πνεῦμα pneuma ‘wind, breath’) is a branch of engineering that makes use of gas or pressurized air.

      Compressed air or other inert gases are often used to provide the power for pneumatic systems that are used in industrial settings. Cylinders, air motors, pneumatic actuators, and other pneumatic devices get their power from a compressor that is positioned in the middle and is driven by electricity. When a pneumatic system that is controlled by manual or automated solenoid valves offers a cheaper, more flexible, or safer alternative to electric motors and hydraulic actuators, the choice is made to use the pneumatic system.

      There are numerous uses for pneumatics in disciplines such as dentistry, building, and mining, amongst other fields.

      Buses and lorries are equipped with air brakes.

      There are air brakes on the trains.

      Air compressors

      Engines driven by air for vehicles that use pneumatic propulsion

      Barostat systems, which are used in neurogastroenterology as well as in the field of electrical research

      The process of cable jetting is a method for installing cables in ducts.

      Dental drill

      Engines that run on compressed air and vehicles that use compressed air

      Reloading using a gas-powered mechanism

      The pneumatic anti-aircraft weapon known as the Holman Projector

      HVAC control systems

      Inflatable structures

      Lego pneumatics may be used to construct models that are pneumatic.

      Pipe organ

      Electro-pneumatic activity

      Tubular-pneumatic motion

      Player piano

      Pneumatic actuator

      Pneumatic air guns

      Pneumatic bladder

      Pneumatic cylinder

      Pneumatic Launchers are a variant of the potato gun.

      Pneumatic mail systems

      Pneumatic motor

      Pneumatic tire

      Pneumatic tools:

      Jackhammer that is used by road workers

      Pneumatic nailgun

      Pressure regulator

      Pressure sensor

      Pressure switch

      Launched roller coaster

      Vacuum pump

      Vacuum sewer

      Compressed air is used in pneumatic systems found in permanent installations such as factories because it is possible to generate an endless supply of compressed air by compressing ambient air. In most cases, moisture is removed from the air, and a minute amount of oil is supplied at the compressor in order to both protect against corrosion and lubricate the moving parts.

      Users of factory-plumbed pneumatic power do not need to be concerned about the leaking of dangerous substances since the gas is often merely air. Asphyxiation may occur through the inhalation of any compressed gas other than air, including nitrogen, which accounts up 78 percent of the air we breathe. Compressed oxygen, which accounts for around 21 percent of air, can not induce asphyxiation; yet, it is not employed in pneumatically-powered equipment since it poses a risk of fire, is more costly, and does not provide any performance advantages over air. Nitrogen, which is often referred to as OFN (oxygen-free nitrogen) when supplied in cylinders, is one example of an additional compressed gas that poses an asphyxiation risk and may be used in systems that are either smaller or stand-alone.

      Portable pneumatic tools and small vehicles, such as Robot Wars machines and other hobbyist applications, are often powered by compressed carbon dioxide. This is due to the fact that containers designed to hold it, such as soda stream canisters and fire extinguishers, are readily available. Additionally, the phase change between liquid and gas makes it possible to obtain a larger volume of compressed gas from a lighter container than compressed air requires. Carbon dioxide is a gas that may cause suffocation and poses a risk of freezing if it is not evacuated correctly.

      Pneumatics may be dated back to the first century, when the ancient Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria wrote about his inventions that were propelled by steam or the wind. He is credited as being the first person to describe the use of air pressure to move gas.

      Otto von Guericke, a German scientist who lived from 1602 to 1686, was the one to further develop the theory. He was the inventor of the vacuum pump, which is a device that can remove air or gas from the vessel that it is linked to. He gave a demonstration of the vacuum pump that could be used to separate the pairs of copper hemispheres by using air pressures. Pneumatics is a discipline that has seen significant development throughout the course of its history. Small portable gadgets have given way to massive machines including a number of components, each of which performs a distinct purpose.

      Pneumatics and hydraulics are two examples of how fluid power may be put to use. In pneumatics, a readily compressible gas like air or another appropriate pure gas is used, while in hydraulics, a comparatively incompressible liquid medium like oil is utilized. The majority of pneumatic applications in industry operate at pressures ranging from roughly 80 to 100 pounds per square inch (550 to 690 kPa). The typical pressure range for hydraulics applications is between 1,000 and 5,000 psi (6.9 and 34.5 MPa), however in certain cases, the pressure may even approach 10,000 psi (69 MPa).

      The ease with which machines may be constructed using common cylinders and other components, as well as the ease with which they can be controlled with a simple on-off switch, are both factors that contribute to their widespread use.

      Reliability: In general, pneumatic systems have long operational lifetimes and need very little maintenance. Due to the fact that gas may be compressed, the risk of shock damage to equipment is reduced. In hydraulics, the fluid directly transmits force, while gas is responsible for absorbing excessive force. Since compressed gas can be stored, even if electrical power is lost, machines may continue to function for a period of time.

      Safety—In comparison to hydraulic oil, there is a much reduced risk of starting a fire. Typically, newer computers are safe to overload up to a particular threshold.

      A liquid does not take in any of the energy that is delivered to it.

      Because of its incompressibility, it is capable of transporting far more weight and generating significantly more force.

      Because the hydraulic working fluid is, for all intents and purposes, incompressible, there is very little spring action. When the flow of hydraulic fluid is stopped, even the tiniest movement of the load is enough to relieve the pressure on the load. It is not necessary to bleed out pressured air in order to remove the pressure that is being applied to the load.

      Exceptionally quick to respond in comparison to pneumatics.

      Power generation that is superior than pneumatics.

      Can can serve a multitude of functions all at once: transfer of power, lubrication, and cooling of moving parts.

      Pneumatic logic systems, sometimes referred to as air logic control, are used on occasion for the purpose of managing industrial operations. These systems are composed of fundamental logic units like as:

      And Units

      Or Units

      Units Called Relay or Booster

      Latching Units

      'Timer' Units

      Amplification devices based on fluidics that include no moving elements other than the air itself

      Pneumatic logic is a control system that is both dependable and useful for use in industrial operations. Due to the smaller size, cheaper cost, higher accuracy, and more powerful features of digital controls, these older control systems have been completely replaced in recent years by electronic control systems in new installations. This has occurred throughout the course of the last several years. There is still a place for pneumatic devices wherein upgrading costs or safety issues are more important.

      {End Chapter 1}

      Chapter 2: Valve

      In order to regulate, direct, or control the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries), a valve is a device or natural object that may open, close, or partially obstruct numerous passages. This allows the valve to regulate, direct, or control the flow of the fluid. Valves are officially considered to be fittings; nonetheless, they are typically evaluated as a distinct category. Fluid moves in the opposite direction of pressure when a valve is open, moving from greater pressure to lower pressure. The name originates from the Latin word valva, which refers to the moving component of a door. This word is derived from the verb volvere, which means to turn or roll.

      The simplest and most ancient type of valve is a flap that is freely hinged and swings down to block the passage of fluid (gas or liquid) in one direction. However, when the flow is traveling in the other direction, the flap is forced up by the flow itself. Due to the fact that it restricts or checks the flow in one direction, this type of valve is known as a check valve. Control valves of the modern period can be used to adjust pressure or flow downstream, and they are programmed to function on complex automation systems.

      There are a variety of applications for valves, including the regulation of water for irrigation, the control of processes in industrial settings, and the regulation of water pressure and on/off control in household settings, such as in dishwashing machines, laundry washers, and faucets. In addition, the military and the transportation industry both make use of valves. Whereas valves are referred to as dampers in HVAC ductwork and other near-atmospheric air flows, dampers are the correct term. Nevertheless, valves are utilized in compressed air systems, with ball valves being the most prevalent sort of valve present.

      The use of valves can be found in practically every industrial operation, including the processing of water and sewage, mining, the generation of power, the processing of oil, gas, and petroleum, the manufacturing of food, the manufacturing of chemicals and plastics, and a great deal of other industries.

      People in industrialized nations use valves in their day-to-day life. These valves include plumbing valves, which include taps for tap water, gas control valves on stoves, small valves fitted to washing machines and dishwashers, safety devices fitted to hot water systems, and poppet valves within automobile engines.

      In the natural world, there are valves. For instance, there are one-way valves in veins that regulate blood circulation. Additionally, there are heart valves that regulate the flow of blood inside the chambers of the heart and ensure that the correct pumping activity is

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