Digital Transformation Lessons from the Pandemic

Digital Transformation Lessons from the Pandemic

Digital Transformation Lessons from the Pandemic

Dandak Kaniyar

Digital Transformation Lessons from the Pandemic

Dandak Kaniyar

ISBN - 9789361522154

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Preface

The development of mobile devices, cloud solutions, corporate social media, and Internet applications through the Internet of Things (IoT) extends physical to include the connection between commercial and digital. As a result, more and more speed, complexity, and variable data (big data) are stored, and specific tools for data analysis are increasingly leading to digital transformation.

In addition to the transformation of IT supply, the introduction of such disruptive tools and technologies also poses additional challenges for companies that are being promoted to create new business models that consider and use increasing digitalization.

In order to demonstrate this interrelationship between business and digital, this book focuses on the related concepts of digitalization. Use digital technology to improve business, create new revenue and create value opportunities. Therefore, digitization enables companies to change their business models and value chains by using disruptive technologies and digital data in the digital economy.

Should provide practical tools and frameworks to help managers deal with digital challenges to understand and master this type of business transformation. This book places special emphasis on economies in transition, which face major concerns and challenges related to emergencies and additional global pressures. Digitization and digital transformation currently represent both opportunities for these economies, as well as risks in meeting the challenges of globalization.

This book aims to:

●Identify the latest trends, business opportunities, and challenges related to digitalization.

●Define concepts related to business transformation through digitalization.

●Share useful experiences and best practices for coping with the challenges of new technologies.

●Propose new theories and empirical frameworks on the subject.

●Determine the organizational, economic, social, social, and ecological impact of the new digital transformation.

Content

01. The Role of Emerging Technologies for Combating COVID-19 Pandemic

1.1 Artificial Intelligence 1

1.2 Blockchain 4

1.3 OpenSource Technologies 7

1.4 TeleHealth Technologies 11

1.5 Three-dimensional printing 14

1.6 Gene-editing technologies 18

1.7 Nanotechnology 21

1.8 Synthetic Biology 25

1.9 Drones 28

1.10 Robots 31

1.11 Summary 35

1.12 Questions 35

02. 3D Printing Supports COVID-19 Pandemic Control

2.1 Additive Manufacturing 39

2.2 3D Printing 48

2.3 Covid19 58

2.4 Pandemic 63

2.5 PPE 72

2.6 Medical Devices 91

2.7 Summary 99

03. Cyber Security in the Age of Covid-19

3.1 Cyber Security Paradigm Shifts 104

3.2 Recent accidents and statistical data on

3.3 Main security challenges for transport

3.4 Action Plan to Provide Logistics 4.0 123

3.5 Ciberereberia Road To Cybermanity 131

3.6 Summary 140

3.7 Questions 140

04. The Truth About 5G and Covid-19: Basics, Analysis, And Opportunities

4.1 Introduction 144

4.2 5G-based Covid19 healthcare use cases 153

4.3 Supply Chain Management for Healthcare 158

4.4 Self-Isolation and Contact Tracing 168

4.5 Implementation challenges 189

4.6 5G Deployment and limited connectivity

4.7 Societal Issues and Human Factor 196

4.8 Conformity configuration with restrictions 199

4.9 Summary 201

4.10 Questions 202

05. Technology Roadmap: The Big Pivot and Emerging Trends in a Post-Covid World

5.1 Introduction 206

5.2 New Reliance on Digital Solutions During

5.3 The case of digital transformation in crisis 209

5.3 Roadmap technology 211

5.4 Adaptation Path 216

5.5 Bayesian Network 220

5.6 Risk and Uncertainty 230

5.7 Summary 243

5.8 Questions 244

Glossary 247

Index255

Chapter 1. The Role of Emerging Technologies for Combating COVID-19 Pandemic

1.1 Artificial Intelligence

The analysis saved lives by changing the way the disease was tracked and managed. The international community currently concentrates on the 20192020 Coronavirus (Covid19) pandemic, first identified in Wuhan, China. As it spreads and threatens global closure, international organizations and scientists use artificial intelligence (AI) to track infectious diseases in real-time and predict where the virus will appear next. You can develop an effective response. On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) received the first report of suspected coronavirus disease (Covid19) in Wuhan. Amid concerns that the global response was split and uncoordinated, on January 30, 2020, the WHO declared this outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Public Health (PHEIC) in response to the International Health Regulations (IHR). A warning of a new coronavirus spreading across China was raised by the AI system more than a week before official information for infectious diseases was released by international organizations. Health monitoring start-ups have used natural language processing and machine learning to accurately predict the spread of Covid19. During these personalities, decisions are urgently neglected and often made in the context of scientific uncertainty, fear, distrust, social and institutional turmoil. How can AI technology manage these types of global health emergencies without disrupting basic values and human rights protection?

1.1.1 Potential Impact and Development

In the case of Covid19, AI mainly detects visual signs of Covid19 on computed tomography (CT), lung scan images to detect if people are infected with the new coronavirus. Use wearable sensors to monitor changes in body temperature in real-time. It provides an open-source data platform for tracking the spread of the disease. AI can process vast amounts of unstructured d-text data to predict the number of potential new cases in each region, and which types of populations are most at risk, and to evaluate and optimize strategies to control epidemic spread. Other AI applications could be from drone sterilization of delivery wards of medicines by drones, searching approved medicine databases to find medicines that can even be done with Covid19.

AI technology, we have devised a new molecule that could function as a potential constraint and shorten the time it takes to predict the RNA secondary structure. A set of risk assessment algorithms for Covid19 for use in healthcare settings have been developed, including the key behavioral algorithms that must be performed to manage contact with probable or confirmed cases of Covid19, developed by the European Center for Disease Control and Prevention. . Certain AI applications apply machine learning techniques to mine social media information, track the words to be sensory or vigilant, and identify online sources that are considered credible to fight against what is called information demikku to generate fake news about the disease. You can search. Facebook, Google, Twitter, and TikTok are working with WHO to identify and disclose false information about Covid-19. The emergency response management of public health, in the name of the urgency of the situation, violates an individual’s right to privacy, and indiscriminate movement may take the form of a domestic containment strategy of legitimate processes or restrictive measures, including medical inspections without notice.

In the case of Covid19, AI applications such as an AI-based fever detection system that uses facial recognition to track people who are not wearing a mask in public places and digital platforms, as well as recent cases of processing data collected from mobile networks, are being tracked. The move is contributing to the strict enforcement of deterrence measures in custody with the aim of deterring their occurrence for an indefinite period of time. Chinese Internet search giant Baidu has developed a system using infrared and facial recognition technology to search for and take pictures of more than 200 people per minute at Beijing’s Qinghe Railway Station. Moscow authorities are using automatic facial recognition technology to scan video from surveillance cameras and confirm recent arrivals from China, which have been placed under quarantine for fear of Covid19 infection. Finally, Chinese authorities deploy drones to patrol public places, conduct thermal imaging and track people who violate quarantine rules. The effectiveness of these AI applications depends not only on their technological capabilities but also on how human controllers and AI developers monitor their implementation paths in accordance with established algorithmic standards, legal principles, and ethical safeguards.

Fig 1.1 Artificial intelligence in covid-19

1.1.2 Anticipatory Policy Making

As a governance system, WHO’s enforcement tools are limited, and its surveillance system relies entirely on it s willingness to meet the country’s diligent reporting requirements. However, reporting compliance is still low, and in the absence of adequate resources and financial support, there are questions about the effectiveness of the main legal framework of the ability of LMICs to meet IHR obligations and the essential capabilities required by the state. To prevent, detect and rapidly respond to threats to public health. However, AI technology could allow the WHO to operate on the WHO’s right to receive reports from sources outside of the country, especially if it contradicts reports provided by states that challenge a country’s monopoly of information management. Developing vaccines and pharmaceuticals in response to public health emergencies also presents certain legal and ethical challenges. The European Commission and the European Medicines Agency have introduced procedures to accelerate the evaluation and approval of vaccines for use in public health emergencies, either through marketing approval of pandemic vaccines or through emergency procedures.

The EMA has recently activated plans to manage emerging health threats, and the Commission and the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) hastily appealed for proposals regarding the development of treatments and diagnostics to combat Covid19 infection.

The Paragraph 6 system provided by the Convention on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) allows countries to import cheaper generics produced under compulsory licenses if the pharmaceuticals cannot be manufactured in their own country. Adoption of measures to counter the potential health impacts of intellectual property protection and sharing the preliminary investigation results with all stakeholders who support it is integration for epidemic aimed at making the merits of the investigation available to local residents. It is an important element of a global alert and response system in excessive delay. AI’s ability to quickly search large databases and process large amounts of medical data should radically accelerate the development of drugs to fight Covid19, but it also calls into question the bias of algorithms considered as criteria to be used in the selection of relevant datasets. I raise it. Most public health systems cannot gather the data needed to train algorithms that reflect the needs of local residents and take into account local patterns of practice to ensure equity and fairness. Public health emergencies can result in severe social disruption, expanding public health capabilities and limiting personal information protection and information self-determination, so policymakers can rationalize the ethics of crisis management policies. It is important to consider. Although the Syracuse Principles can allow restrictions or damage to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), it is ethically justified to detain people in the event of a fatal illness in an emergency. In all cases, use minimal liberty infringement options to achieve public health goals. Ensure proper ethical oversight and cooperation, and be affected or affected, on WHO guidelines for managing ethical issues during the outbreak of infectious diseases and ethical issues in global health emergency studies. It can help prevent the social stigma of people who are perceived as being sick.

1.2 Blockchain

Corona 19 is highly contagious, so there is an urgent need to find a suitable solution from virus infection to speed up detection and prevention of virus spread to vaccine development. Blockchain technology has recently emerged as a core technology in an important area of epidemic management. Blockchain applications can provide a powerful, transparent, and inexpensive way to facilitate effective decision-making, which can lead to rapid response to these kinds of emergencies. In this pandemic, blockchain could be an important part of global support for coronavirus by tracking the spread of disease, managing insurance payments, and maintaining the sustainability of healthcare supply chain donation tracking pathways.

The blockchain application can monitor the disease outbreak over time by creating a ledger that is secure and updated hundreds of times per day. In addition, the use of blockchain improves diagnosis accuracy, therapeutic effectiveness, rapid separation of case clusters, simplified drug supply chains and drug tracking, medical data management, and disease symptom patterns are specified. Furthermore, when real-time incoming data is released in large quantities, such as the virus outbreak, blockchain reduces uncertainty, provides computational trust, and provides an automated platform for recording and exchanging consistent factual information among multiple parties.

Beyond the value of blockchain as a monitoring and tracking tool for medical data, health authorities are using permissioned blockchain systems to solve interoperability issues in healthcare and ensure clinical credibility while facilitating data storage and sharing among researchers in clinical trials can promote Clinical data collection and reporting. In order for the application of blockchain to add added value to public health emergencies compared to traditional surveillance mechanisms, it makes extensive use of cryptographic properties along with decentralized peer participation to improve security, compliance, durability, consensus-selective privacy must have timing.

Fig 1.2 How Blockchain technology works

1.2.1 Potential Impacts and Developing

Several blockchain technologies have been launched to use encrypted data and records to track transactions, solve the problems posed by the Covid19 crisis, and provide innovative solutions to the problems associated with this great disruption. First, in tracking donations, blockchain allows donors to monitor where funds are needed, receive notifications when donations are received, and track donations opened for treatment of people infected with coronavirus in the Wuhan area. XiangHu Bao, an AntFinancial online mutual aid platform, is a blockchain-based collective claims sharing platform that handles coronavirus insurance claims as well as reduces office processing (thus, the platform can process transactions without humans, reducing the risk of infection by face-to-face contact can participate) as well as by allowing all stakeholders to monitor the entire process. The borderless nature of Covid19 and the global shortage of masks will require smarter, planned collaborations to address vulnerabilities in supply chains. Blockchain is offering a variety of solutions in this regard. Given the lack of masks, a blockchain-based platform has been released to help users track medical supplies’ demand and supply chain and solve problems with managing, allocating, and donating relief supplies.

Review, record, and track the demand, supply, and logistics of infectious disease prevention materials. One blockchain support tracker associated with onset data tracking has a special dashboard that tracks global infectious diseases, mortality, and recovery in real-time, allowing all parts of shared information to be manipulated or altered. Make sure there is no Singapore-based blockchain company, the Algorand Foundation, recently called IReportCovid, which allows oil- and asymptomatic users to create surveys and anonymously report virus information directly. The application has been released In Hangzhou; a program has been developed on WeChat that can generate a QR code to allow residents to enter the gated community based on the personal information collected, encrypted, and stored on a blockchain-based cloud server in China. In Xi’an, northwestern part of the country, Shaanxi Province has recently launched an online consultation and review system. Blockchain can safely manage health records and ensure interoperability without compromising security and patient privacy.

Other blockchain-based applications help government agencies track patients and suspected new cases, allowing doctors to analyze patient symptoms, monitor diagnostic data in real-time, and integrate patient medical history data. These applications will create incentives to track all healthcare needs, specify gaps in healthcare supply chain management, and create rewards in the form of tokens issued on the blockchain platform for citizens who comply with the rules of containment and social distancing. It reflects the power of blockchain.

Fig 1.3 Power of blockchain

1.2.2 Anticipatory Policy Making

In an interconnected world facing serious interoperability challenges, blockchain technology can contribute to a powerful epidemic alert system. However, since blockchain is still in its early stages of development, some legal questions may not yet be answered. Who should be in charge of the data? Who has access to it? How should I identify patients and health organizations in the database? Who is spying on the blockchain? Where are the servers, and what kind of digital and physical controls are there? There are certain restrictions on applying blockchain technology in an emergency. This is related to cost in computing power, lack of integration with traditional systems, open traits that can be responsible in environments where privacy requirements are harsh, energy-intensive traits, and non-scalability. The vulnerability of the blockchain system in 51% of attacks is another major challenge, as the Argentine government’s blockchain-based official bulletin website, where the coronavirus falsehood was disseminated, was recently hacked.

Immediate restrictions on personal information protection due to the urgent need for sensitive medical characteristics and location data from governments and train algorithms to track disease spread and radio waves. Will it affect blockchain applications as well? Recently, the Human Medicines Committee (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency has invested in a large multicenter, manifold clinical trial to generate sound evidence for the treatment of Covid19 Encouraged to integrate. Blockchain technology with built-in interoperability, protection of patient personal information, transparency, and data integrity shortens clinical trial dates in the context of clinical trials, reliability, security, and transparency. You can take important steps towards reproducibility. Blockchain has been proposed to consider immutable archival, automated protocol changes and direct connections with stakeholders, multiple sites, EU-wide ethical review for collaborative clinical research. You can actually promote it.

This type of intensive ethics review process is needed to meet the critical need for strong data to determine whether some studies and reversal drugs are safe and effective in treating Covid19. That is. These centralized EU-level ethical reviews relate to all Fund-supported activities within the Horizon 2020 program and support the participation of the H2020 Code and its ethical provisions. Not in a legal position to provide the ethical approval required by EU regulations for clinical trials, this procedure has been simplified over the years and is thoroughly reliable considering ethical and cultural peculiarities. Acts as a model for subtle ethical control. In a constructive and operational manner, the many Member States and some EU institutions have set up ethical review procedures and mechanisms based on an essentially dynamic model.

Against this background, legal issues and future access terms for the consent already provided by the patient need to be modified in connection with storing patient data on the public blockchain. Furthermore, in a rapidly evolving situation, key authorities require businesses to share useful data for virus tracking or use individual phone tracking to warn users not to contact anyone infected with Covid19. In these situations, applying blockchain technology depends on your ability to facilitate the data sharing process without compromising the user’s personal information and work immutability.

1.3 OpenSource Technologies

During a disease outbreak, rapid data sharing is important as it better understands the causes and spread of infections and serves as the basis for effective prevention, treatment, and management. The low-cost dissemination of data and the ability of information technology to enable collaboration have led to the establishment of multiple repositories and information technology platforms for data sharing. Most of these data collection activities are coordinated by international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

At the same time, the number of bottom-up open data initiatives open source projects is also growing, facilitating access to research data and scientific publications and sharing blueprints to manufacture critical medical devices such as ventilators and face shields. On January 8, 2020, the first genome of the 2019nCoV virus, which is characteristic of the fastest new pathogen in history, was placed in an open database, opening the way for scientists worldwide to start developing a treatment. Or allowing vaccine labs to develop the necessary diagnostics in a very limited time.

Publishing this data was the first and most important data-sharing effort that helped scientists grow live viruses and build images of how the virus spreads. Since then, public health agencies and universities worldwide have publicly shared more than 183 SARSCoV2 mutant sequences as part of a monumental effort to develop an effective vaccine against this new virus. The most important efforts to prevent and monitor the spread of disease are the dashboards that are very important to decision-makers, open science that shares information and resources, and the continuation of open data and open-source platforms. Based on a growing ecosystem. For example, public health authorities, universities, and laboratory tests are publishing genomic data for Covid19 specimens at an unprecedented rate, and WHO provides daily status reports with new issues and more than 30 major publications. In addition, the company has agreed to make all Covid 19 related publications readily accessible in the following regions: A public repository for publicly disseminating public health responses.

Major publishers, including Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley Online Library, Emerald, and Oxford University Press, have launched major open-access resource pages. In the realm of data sharing, open-source technologies can push a variety of important concepts to the fore, including access to information, open standards that all stakeholders can contribute to, and rapid prototyping that can lead to rapid discovery. In this regard, several initiatives are being developed worldwide to develop new low-cost, open-source designs that address everything from ventilators to face shields.

1.3.1 Potential Impacts and Development

An open-source analytical tool to study the outbreak of the Covid19 coronavirus will contribute to the immediate sharing of collective intelligence about the virus and the generation of bottom-up insights that can inform decision-making in a cooperative and accessible manner, test equipment, and ventilation. It also helped to solve the shortage of facilities. In response to concerns about a shortage of test components to test for Covid19, Just One Giant Lab has developed an open-source coronavirus testing method that shares designs to make it easy to create accredited laboratory test kits.

Next Strain is an open-source application that collects all data from around the world and centralizes it in one place in the form of a genome tree from a lab that tracks the evolution of viruses and bacteria and is sequencing the SARSCoV2 genome. Researchers are also sharing new discoveries about the genomic profile of viruses through open-source publications and aquaculture sites such as BioRxiv and Chinaxiv.

1.4 open source technologies

Currently, seven open-source hardware projects are trying to fight Covid19 in various ways, including scale-up of Covid19 testing, design of Open Lung low-resource ventilator for rapid development, and simulation of protein dynamics, including protein folding process and protein motion. Open source products are also being developed by various national authorities around the world. The Israeli government recently launched the Shield open-source application that collects location data from a user’s phone to determine whether a user is likely infected with the Covid19 coronavirus. The Singapore GovernmentTechnology Agency has decided to provide the open-source community with a protocol that powers the TraceTogether contact tracking application. There is also an open-source Covid19 library of resources for DIY engineering activities and the Hackaday project that develops open source technologies, the GoFundMe DIY Ventilation Project, and the Open Source Ventilation Blueprint, a group aimed at addressing the challenges of Covid19 through the OpenAir project. One of the most important businesses is OpenCovid19. It is developing and sharing an open-source methodology for community-driven steps to safely test for the presence of viruses.

DeepMind recently conducted structural predictions of the SARSCoV2 under-studied protein that is freely available to the research community. Meanwhile, Alibaba is developing an open-source platform to track the spread of Covid19 and helping health authorities prevent and prepare for new cases.