CDL Study Guide 2025-2026 Complete Review for the Commercial Driver’s License Exam with Practice Tests, In-Depth Answer Explanations, and Essential Tips for Passing on Your First Try

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents...............................................................

Introduction...................................................................

Overview of CDL Classes (Class A, B, and C)......................................

Types of Commercial Vehicles..................................................

CDL Endorsements and Restrictions..............................................

Study Tips and Test-Taking Strategies.............................................

Chapter 1: CDL Licensing Process.................................................

Requirements for Obtaining a CDL...............................................

Medical and Background Check Requirements......................................

Medical Examination Requirements............................................

Background Check Requirements for Specific Endorsements.........................

Maintaining Compliance with Medical and Background Requirements.................

How to Prepare for the CDL Written and Skills Tests.................................

Understanding the CDL Written Test............................................

Preparing for the Written Test.................................................

Understanding the CDL Skills Test.............................................

Preparing for the Skills Test...................................................

Additional Tips for Success...................................................

State-Specific Requirements and Procedures........................................

CDL Application Procedures..................................................

Written and Skills Testing Requirements.........................................

State-Specific Endorsement and Restriction Procedures.............................

Medical Certification and Background Checks....................................

Testing and Renewal Procedures...............................................

Fees and Additional State Requirements.........................................

Staying Updated on State Regulations...........................................

Chapter 2: General Knowledge....................................................

Vehicle Control and Safety.....................................................

Steering Techniques and Control...............................................

Braking Systems and Safe Braking Techniques....................................

Shifting Gears and Transmission Control........................................

Defensive Driving and Hazard Awareness........................................

Managing Speed and Stopping Distance.........................................

Pre-Trip and Post-Trip Inspections.............................................

Handling Emergencies.......................................................

Night Driving and Adverse Weather Conditions...................................

Hazard Awareness............................................................

Understanding the Nature of Hazards...........................................

Blind Spots and No-Zones....................................................

Weather and Road Conditions.................................................

Defensive Driving and Anticipating Other Drivers.................................

Handling Sudden Obstacles and Emergency Situations..............................

Interacting with Pedestrians, Cyclists, and Motorcyclists............................

Road Surface and Terrain Hazards..............................................

Staying Alert and Managing Fatigue............................................

Hazard Awareness as a Daily Practice...........................................

Road Signs and Markings.......................................................

Types of Road Signs.........................................................

Special Road Signs for Commercial Drivers......................................

Understanding Road Markings.................................................

Safety Zones and Pavement Markings for Specific Conditions........................

Signaling Changes and Communicating with Other Drivers..........................

Staying Informed and Updated on Road Signage Regulations........................

Rules of the Road for Commercial Drivers.........................................

Speed Limits and Adjusting Speed for Conditions.................................

Following Distance and Space Management......................................

Proper Lane Usage and Lane Discipline.........................................

Obeying Weight Limits and Bridge Clearances....................................

Signaling and Communicating with Other Drivers.................................

Yielding the Right of Way....................................................

Observing Rest Breaks and Hours of Service.....................................

Parking and Idling Regulations................................................

Alcohol and Drug Use Regulations.............................................

Defensive Driving Techniques.................................................

Staying Informed of Local and Federal Regulations................................

Chapter 3: Air Brakes............................................................

Air Brake System Components..................................................

Air Compressor............................................................

Air Storage Tanks...........................................................

Foot Valve (Brake Pedal).....................................................

Brake Chambers............................................................

Slack Adjusters.............................................................

S-Cam or Disc Brake Mechanism..............................................

Spring Brakes (Emergency and Parking Brakes)...................................

Air Dryer.................................................................

Governor..................................................................

Safety Valve...............................................................

Low-Pressure Warning Device.................................................

Application Pressure Gauge...................................................

Dual Air Brake Systems........................................................

Components of a Dual Air Brake System........................................

How the Dual Air Brake System Works.........................................

Advantages of a Dual Air Brake System.........................................

Maintenance Considerations..................................................

Air Brake Inspections and Tests..................................................

Key Components of the Air Brake System to Inspect...............................

Air Brake Inspection Procedures...............................................

Air Brake Testing Procedure During CDL Road Tests..............................

Common Air Brake System Issues and Troubleshooting...............................

1. Air Leaks...............................................................

2. Insufficient Air Pressure....................................................

3. Air Brake Chamber Problems...............................................

4. Compressor Failure.......................................................

5. Spring Brake Malfunctions..................................................

6. Brake Fade or Insufficient Braking Power......................................

7. Faulty or Malfunctioning Valves.............................................

Chapter 4: Combination Vehicles..................................................

Coupling and Uncoupling.......................................................

Coupling a Combination Vehicle...............................................

Uncoupling a Combination Vehicle.............................................

Safety Precautions During Coupling and Uncoupling...............................

Inspecting Combination Vehicles.................................................

Pre-Trip Inspection Overview.................................................

Step-by-Step Inspection Process...............................................

Importance of Regular Inspections..............................................

Driving Techniques for Combination Vehicles......................................

Understanding the Vehicle’s Dynamics..........................................

Turning Techniques.........................................................

Backing Up a Combination Vehicle.............................................

Lane Changes and Merging...................................................

Speed Control and Braking...................................................

Driving in Adverse Conditions.................................................

Safe Following Distance......................................................

Parking and Stopping........................................................

Preventing Rollovers and Skids..................................................

Preventing Rollovers........................................................

Preventing Skids............................................................

Chapter 5: Hazardous Materials (HazMat Endorsement).................................

Hazard Classifications and Placards...............................................

HazMat Classification System.................................................

Placards and Labeling........................................................

Understanding Hazardous Materials Endorsement (HazMat Endorsement)..............

Handling and Transporting Hazardous Materials.....................................

Handling Hazardous Materials.................................................

Transporting Hazardous Materials..............................................

4. Security of Hazardous Materials.............................................

Emergency Response and Incident Reporting.......................................

Emergency Response Procedures...............................................

Spill Containment and Hazardous Material Specific Procedures.......................

Incident Reporting..........................................................

HazMat Safety and Security Protocols.............................................

HazMat Safety Protocols.....................................................

HazMat Security Protocols....................................................

Chapter 6: Passenger Transport (Passenger Endorsement)...............................

Passenger Safety and Regulations................................................

Passenger Safety Regulations..................................................

Regulations Governing Passenger Transport......................................

Best Practices for Passenger Safety.............................................

Loading and Unloading Passengers...............................................

Pre-Loading Preparation......................................................

Loading Passengers Safely....................................................

Handling Difficult Situations During Loading.....................................

Unloading Passengers Safely..................................................

Special Considerations for School Buses.........................................

Safety Reminders During Loading and Unloading.................................

School Bus Safety Regulations..................................................

Key School Bus Safety Regulations.............................................

Emergency Procedures for Passenger Vehicles......................................

1. General Emergency Procedures..............................................

2. Medical Emergencies......................................................

3. Vehicle Breakdown or Mechanical Failure.....................................

4. Fire Emergencies.........................................................

5. Accident or Collision......................................................

6. Severe Weather...........................................................

Chapter 7: Tank Vehicles.........................................................

Unique Handling Characteristics.................................................

1. Load Movement and Sloshing...............................................

2. Weight Distribution and Handling............................................

3. Higher Risk of Rollovers...................................................

4. Increased Stopping Distance................................................

5. Special Driving Conditions.................................................

Inspecting Tank Vehicles.......................................................

Pre-Trip Inspection..........................................................

Post-Trip Inspection.........................................................

Annual or Periodic Inspections................................................

Common Issues Identified During Inspections....................................

Surge Effects and Safety Measures...............................................

What Are Surge Effects?.....................................................

Impact of Surge on Vehicle Handling...........................................

Safety Measures to Manage Surge Effects........................................

Loading and Unloading Techniques...............................................

General Principles for Loading and Unloading....................................

Loading Techniques for Tank Vehicles..........................................

Unloading Techniques for Tank Vehicles........................................

Chapter 8: Doubles and Triples....................................................

Coupling and Uncoupling Double and Triple Trailers.................................

Coupling Double and Triple Trailers............................................

Uncoupling Double and Triple Trailers..........................................

Safety Considerations........................................................

Maneuvering Techniques.......................................................

General Considerations for Maneuvering Doubles and Triples........................

Turning with Doubles and Triples..............................................

Reversing with Doubles and Triples............................................

Navigating Narrow Spaces....................................................

Handling Downhill and Uphill Grades...........................................

Preventing Jackknifing and Loss of Control......................................

Checking Trailer Connection and Alignment........................................

Steps for Checking Trailer Connection..........................................

Trailer Alignment Check.....................................................

Test the Connection.........................................................

Road Safety Tips for Doubles and Triples..........................................

1. Know Your Vehicle’s Dimensions and Weight..................................

2. Maintain a Safe Following Distance..........................................

3. Practice Safe Turning......................................................

4. Manage Lane Changes with Extra Caution.....................................

5. Use Extra Caution on Hills and Steep Grades...................................

6. Be Mindful of Side Winds and Crosswinds.....................................

7. Regularly Inspect and Maintain Your Equipment................................

8. Stay Alert and Avoid Fatigue................................................

9. Know When to Pull Over...................................................

10. Adjust to Local Road Conditions............................................

Chapter 9: Pre-Trip Vehicle Inspection..............................................

Comprehensive Pre-Trip Checklist...............................................

Inspection of Engine, Brakes, and Electrical Systems.................................

Engine Inspection...........................................................

Brake Inspection............................................................

Electrical System Inspection..................................................

Identifying Potential Mechanical Issues............................................

Engine Problems............................................................

Brake System Problems......................................................

Suspension and Steering Problems..............................................

Transmission Issues.........................................................

Electrical System Problems...................................................

Tire Issues.................................................................

State-Specific Inspection Requirements............................................

Overview of State-Specific Inspections..........................................

Types of State-Specific Inspections.............................................

Key Areas of State-Specific Inspection Requirements...............................

Variations in Inspection Stations and Processes....................................

Consequences of Non-Compliance.............................................

Chapter 10: Safe Driving Techniques...............................................

Controlling Speed and Managing Space...........................................

Controlling Speed...........................................................

Managing Space............................................................

The Importance of Defensive Driving...........................................

Defensive Driving for Commercial Vehicles........................................

What is Defensive Driving?...................................................

Key Elements of Defensive Driving for Commercial Vehicles........................

Adverse Conditions and Emergency Situations......................................

Adverse Conditions.........................................................

Emergency Situations........................................................

Distracted Driving and Fatigue Management........................................

Distracted Driving..........................................................

Fatigue Management........................................................

Chapter 11: Updated CDL Regulations and Requirements...............................

New Rules and Changes in CDL Testing...........................................

Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) Requirements................................

Changes in the Written Knowledge Test.........................................

Skills Test Modifications.....................................................

Medical Certification and Health Standards.......................................

Drug and Alcohol Testing....................................................

Entry-Level Driver Training (ELDT) Updates.....................................

Technology Integration in CDL Testing.........................................

DOT and FMCSA Updates.....................................................

1. DOT and FMCSA New Regulations..........................................

2. Technology Integration and Digital Innovations.................................

3. Safety Enhancements and Compliance Updates.................................

4. Environmental and Fuel Efficiency Regulations.................................

5. Hours of Service (HOS) Updates.............................................

6. Driver Qualification and Medical Requirements.................................

Hours of Service and Electronic Logging Devices (ELD)..............................

Hours of Service (HOS) Regulations............................................

Electronic Logging Devices (ELD).............................................

Drug and Alcohol Testing Policies................................................

Purpose of Drug and Alcohol Testing...........................................

FMCSA Drug and Alcohol Testing Regulations...................................

Substances Tested...........................................................

Testing Methods............................................................

Consequences of Violating Drug and Alcohol Testing Regulations....................

Employer Responsibilities....................................................

Chapter 12: Practice Tests and Answer Keys..........................................

Full-Length Practice Exams.....................................................

1. What is the maximum allowable Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) for a commercial driver?......

2. When performing a pre-trip inspection on a truck, what is the most crucial factor to check when inspecting the air brake system?......

3. In the event of a brake failure while driving a commercial vehicle, which action should you take first?......

4. What is the primary purpose of a CDL holder's medical examination?................

5. If you are driving a combination vehicle and the trailer begins to swing wide on a turn, what is the best action to take?......

6. What is the function of the governor in the air brake system?.......................

7. What is the maximum length allowed for a single trailer in a combination vehicle under federal law?......

8. What should you do if you are driving a tanker and experience surge effects while turning?......

9. What is the maximum number of hours a commercial driver can drive within a 14-hour period according to Hours of Service (HOS) regulations?......

10. During a pre-trip inspection, you notice that your truck’s tires are below the minimum tread depth. What action should you take?......

11. What should you do if your vehicle begins to skid while driving on wet roads?........

12. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of cargo shift in a commercial vehicle?

13. When driving a combination vehicle, which of the following is NOT true regarding your stopping distance?......

14. What is the recommended way to handle a situation when your vehicle’s air brakes start to lose air pressure?......

15. When should you use your vehicle’s hazard lights?..............................

16. What should you do before changing lanes in a commercial vehicle?................

17. When should you conduct an air brake leak test during the pre-trip inspection?........

18. What is the maximum allowable weight per axle for a commercial vehicle under federal guidelines?......

19. What is the recommended distance you should maintain behind the vehicle ahead when driving in heavy rain?......

20. When driving on a multi-lane road, which lane is generally the safest for a commercial driver to use?......

21. How often should you check your vehicle’s tires during a pre-trip inspection?........

22. If your truck starts to jackknife, what is the correct action to take?..................

23. What should you do if your cargo load shifts during transport?....................

24. What is the correct procedure if you need to park your commercial vehicle on the side of the road at night?......

25. When driving in fog, which of the following is the best practice?...................

26. What is the maximum load that can be legally carried on a single axle according to the federal axle weight limits?......

27. What is the recommended action if you experience a tire blowout while driving a commercial vehicle?......

28. What is the proper way to check your vehicle’s hydraulic brake fluid?..............

29. What is a no-zone when driving a commercial vehicle?........................

30. How can you determine if your truck is overloaded during a pre-trip inspection?......

31. What should you do if you are involved in a minor accident while driving a commercial vehicle?......

32. What is the primary function of the engine brake in a commercial vehicle?...........

33. Which of the following is the correct procedure if your vehicle is involved in a fire?...

34. What does a diamond-shaped warning sign with a yellow background indicate?.......

35. What should you do if your vehicle’s ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) warning light comes on?......

36. What should you do when driving on a slippery road in winter conditions?...........

37. When should you use your vehicle's air horn?..................................

38. When approaching a construction zone with workers present, you should:...........

39. What is the main function of the air compressor in the air brake system?.............

40. When driving a combination vehicle, why should you avoid sudden sharp turns?......

41. What should you do if you experience brake fade while driving downhill?...........

42. What does the term gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) refer to?................

43. What is the best way to check the brake system during a pre-trip inspection?.........

44. What should you do if you are driving and experience a tire blowout?...............

45. When is it permissible to use your vehicle's horn?...............................

46. What should you do if you approach a school bus with its red lights flashing?........

47. What is the purpose of the clutch brake in a commercial vehicle?..................

48. When driving a vehicle with a manual transmission, which action should be avoided to prevent stalling?......

49. What is the maximum allowable weight for a standard commercial vehicle's load without exceeding federal limits?......

50. What should you do if you need to drive in foggy conditions?.....................

51. What is the best way to prevent a vehicle from jackknifing?.......................

52. When should you check your vehicle's cargo securement?........................

53. What is the proper response if you approach an intersection with a malfunctioning traffic light?......

54. How do you perform a brake test during a pre-trip inspection?.....................

55. What does the Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) refer to?..............

56. What is the purpose of the yellow diamond-shaped road sign?...................

57. When making a right turn, which of the following is the best way to avoid swinging into another lane?......

58. How should you handle a situation when you need to back up your commercial vehicle?

59. What should you do if you experience brake fade while driving downhill?...........

60. Which of the following is a key sign of fatigue while driving?.....................

61. What is the primary reason for performing a pre-trip inspection?...................

62. When driving through a construction zone, what should you do?...................

63. Which of the following is true about tire pressure?..............................

64. How should you handle a situation when you are driving in heavy rain?.............

65. What should you do if your vehicle starts hydroplaning?.........................

66. Which of the following is the most important factor when driving a vehicle with a heavy load?......

67. If you are driving through an area where wildlife is common, what should you do?....

68. When driving at night, how can you best prevent fatigue?........................

69. What is the proper method to check the oil level in your vehicle?..................

70. If you are driving a commercial vehicle and you become sleepy, what should you do?..

71. How should you approach a sharp curve on a mountain road?.....................

72. When should you use your vehicle’s air brakes?................................

73. How can you determine the weight distribution of a load?........................

74. What is the best way to prevent a vehicle from rolling when parked on a slope?.......

75. What should you do if you need to stop quickly but avoid a collision?...............

76. Which of the following actions should you take before changing lanes?.............

77. What should you do if your vehicle’s brake system warning light comes on?.........

78. When driving a commercial vehicle with a manual transmission, what should you do if the engine begins to overheat?......

79. How can you best prevent a tire blowout while driving?..........................

80. What is the proper procedure for crossing railroad tracks?........................

81. What is the purpose of using the four-second rule while driving?.................

82. What is the correct way to handle a skid on a slippery road?......................

83. When should you use your vehicle’s emergency flashers?........................

84. What should you do if your vehicle starts to skid on ice?.........................

85. What is the first step when preparing to drive in a foggy environment?..............

86. What is the purpose of a vehicle’s air suspension system?........................

87. How do you properly secure a load in a commercial vehicle?......................

88. When driving in mountainous terrain, which of the following is the best practice?.....

89. What should you do if you are driving a commercial vehicle and a tire blows out?.....

90. Which of the following can cause driver fatigue?...............................

91. When should you use your vehicle’s retarder system?............................

92. What does the term overloading mean in relation to commercial vehicles?.........

93. How should you react when your vehicle is about to skid on wet roads?.............

94. What is the most important thing to check when inspecting your vehicle’s tires before starting a trip?......

95. When driving through a work zone, what should you do to stay safe?...............

96. How can you identify when a load has shifted in the cargo area?...................

97. What is the purpose of using a fire extinguisher on your vehicle?...................

98. What should you do if you encounter a traffic signal that is not working?............

99. How can you prevent your vehicle’s brakes from overheating during long downhill descents?......

100. How should you handle a situation where your truck is involved in a crash or accident?

101. Which of the following is true about cargo securement regulations?...............

102. When should you use the parking brake on a commercial vehicle?.................

103. What is the primary reason for inspecting your vehicle’s exhaust system?...........

104. When are you allowed to use your vehicle’s horn?.............................

105. When should you avoid using the engine brakes (jake brakes)?...................

106. How often should you check your vehicle’s fluid levels?........................

107. What is the correct action if your vehicle’s ABS warning light comes on?...........

108. When should you adjust the vehicle’s mirrors?................................

109. What does the term hydroplaning refer to?..................................

110. What is the best way to drive around curves on slippery roads?...................

111. What should you do if you are driving a commercial vehicle and you experience a tire blowout?......

112. What should you do if you find yourself driving in foggy conditions?..............

113. What is the best method for checking whether your brakes are working correctly during a pre-trip inspection?......

114. How often should you inspect your vehicle’s lights during your pre-trip inspection?...

115. What should you do if you see a vehicle in your rearview mirror approaching rapidly while you are driving a commercial vehicle?......

116. What is the proper way to handle a blind spot while driving a large commercial vehicle?......

117. What should you do if you experience a steering failure while driving?.............

118. What is the correct way to secure hazardous materials during transportation?........

119. What is the proper technique for making a wide turn with a large vehicle?..........

120. How should you adjust your driving when encountering a sudden heavy rainstorm?...

121. What should you do if you are driving a commercial vehicle and your brakes fail?....

122. How do you prevent your vehicle from overheating?...........................

123. What should you do if you are driving on a slick road and begin to skid?...........

124. What is the most important factor to consider when driving through a tunnel?.......

125. What is the best action to take if you are driving and you hear the sound of a siren from an emergency vehicle approaching?......

126. When driving on a highway, how far in advance should you signal before making a lane change?......

127. What is the best way to handle a situation where your load is shifting during transport?

128. What should you do when you see a Yield sign on the road while driving a commercial vehicle?......

129. If your vehicle’s brakes start to fade, what should you do?.......................

130. What is the recommended technique for driving on an icy road?..................

131. What is the first step when preparing to transport hazardous materials?.............

132. What should you do if you are driving a commercial vehicle and you begin to experience fatigue?......

133. What is the proper procedure when stopping at a railroad crossing?................

134. What should you do if you are driving a commercial vehicle and you are forced to brake suddenly?......

135. What is the best way to avoid hydroplaning on wet roads?.......................

136. How often should you inspect your vehicle’s air brake system?...................

137. What is the correct way to drive through a construction zone?....................

138. What should you do when you are driving and you see a No U-Turn sign?........

139. How should you respond if you are driving a commercial vehicle and you need to pull over for an emergency?......

140. What is the recommended method for dealing with a large puddle or flooded section of the road?......

141. How should you handle a situation when another driver is tailgating you?...........

142. When should you use the engine brake on a downhill grade?.....................

143. How should you position your vehicle when you are approaching a sharp curve?.....

144. What is the correct action when driving on a road with patches of ice?.............

145. What is the best way to handle a situation where your vehicle is hydroplaning?......

146. What is the minimum tread depth for tires on a commercial vehicle?...............

147. When should you perform a post-trip inspection?..............................

148. What should you do if you experience brake failure while driving downhill?........

149. What is the correct procedure when backing up a commercial vehicle?.............

150. What does the acronym CMV stand for in relation to commercial driving?........

151. Which of the following is an example of a hazardous materials (HAZMAT) emergency?......

152. How should you handle a situation where you are driving and notice your engine temperature is rising rapidly?......

153. What is the purpose of the pre-trip inspection?................................

154. When driving through a construction zone, what is the best course of action?........

155. What does the 12-Second Rule refer to?....................................

156. What is the purpose of anti-lock brakes (ABS) on commercial vehicles?............

157. When you are driving a truck with a full trailer, what is the primary consideration for maintaining control?......

158. How can you avoid rollovers when driving a commercial vehicle?.................

159. What should you do if your vehicle starts to hydroplane?........................

160. What is the proper technique for making a right turn in a commercial vehicle?.......

161. How should you respond if you feel your vehicle starting to skid?.................

162. What should you do before driving a commercial vehicle on the highway?..........

163. Which of the following is true about using your vehicle’s horn?..................

164. What is the purpose of using hazard lights when parked on the side of the road?......

165. What should you do if you are driving in fog?.................................

166. What is the maximum allowed height for a commercial vehicle in the U.S. without a permit?......

167. What should you do when driving in a construction zone with workers present?......

168. How do you prevent jackknifing when driving a commercial vehicle?............

169. What should you do if you encounter an aggressive driver while on the road?........

170. What is the function of the air compressor in a commercial vehicle's air brake system?......

171. What should you do if your vehicle starts to drift off the road due to a tire blowout?...

172. Which of the following is NOT a required part of a vehicle's pre-trip inspection?.....

173. How should you approach a turn when driving a commercial vehicle with a heavy load?......

174. When driving a commercial vehicle, what is the best way to ensure good visibility?...

175. What is the proper way to signal when changing lanes in a commercial vehicle?......

176. What is the danger of overloading a commercial vehicle?......................

177. What is the purpose of the load block in securing cargo on a commercial vehicle?...

178. How should you handle an intersection with a stop sign when driving a commercial vehicle?......

179. What should you do if a tire bursts while you are driving a commercial vehicle?.....

180. When driving on a multi-lane highway, how should you manage lane changes in a commercial vehicle?......

181. How should you handle driving during strong winds with a commercial vehicle?.....

182. What is the minimum tread depth required on commercial vehicle tires?............

183. What should you do when approaching a school bus with flashing lights?...........

184. What should you do if a vehicle is tailgating you on the highway?.................

185. When driving a commercial vehicle, what is the proper way to approach a railroad crossing?......

186. When should you use your engine brake while driving a commercial vehicle?.......

187. What is the first thing you should do when you realize your brakes are failing?......

188. When should you use your low beams when driving at night?....................

189. How far in advance should you signal before making a turn?.....................

190. What should you do if your vehicle's air pressure gauge shows low air pressure?.....

191. What is the best way to prevent a rollover when driving a commercial vehicle?......

192. What is the minimum distance you should keep from a vehicle when following it at high speeds?......

193. What is the purpose of the weight distribution in securing cargo?................

194. When should you check your tire pressure on a commercial vehicle?...............

195. When are you required to stop at a railroad crossing?...........................

196. How do you maintain a proper space cushion around your vehicle?..............

197. What is the maximum weight that a single axle can carry on a commercial vehicle without a permit?......

198. How should you handle a situation where your vehicle's brakes are overheating?.....

199. What should you do if you are driving on a wet road and the rear wheels of your vehicle start to skid?......

200. What is the best way to avoid a collision when approaching a vehicle that suddenly stops in front of you?......

201. What should you do when you experience a hydroplane while driving?...........

202. When is it safe to use the vehicle's horn?.....................................

203. What should you do if your vehicle begins to skid on ice?.......................

204. What is the most important factor to consider when driving a commercial vehicle in a mountainous area?......

205. When driving a commercial vehicle, how should you handle a blind intersection?....

206. When should you activate your hazard lights?.................................

207. What is the maximum legal width for a commercial vehicle without a permit?.......

208. What should you do if your commercial vehicle's tire blows out?..................

209. What is the recommended action when driving in snow or icy conditions?..........

210. What should you do if you are involved in a collision with another vehicle while driving a commercial vehicle?......

211. When driving through an area with a posted weight limit, what should you do if your vehicle exceeds that limit?......

212. What should you do if your vehicle begins to hydroplane?.......................

213. What should you do if you notice a vehicle tailgating you?......................

214. What is the main purpose of the air pressure governor in a commercial vehicle's braking system?......

215. How should you approach a sharp curve in the road when driving a commercial vehicle?......

216. What should you do if you have to drive in an area with a lot of pedestrian traffic?....

217. How often should you inspect your commercial vehicle's tires?...................

218. What is the primary reason for requiring a pre-trip inspection for commercial vehicles?

219. What is the best way to approach an emergency situation involving a hazardous material spill?......

220. How should you handle driving in low visibility conditions, such as fog or heavy rain?

221. When is it necessary to inspect your vehicle's brake system?.....................

222. What is the proper way to use a retarder in