Bots and Bods: How Robots and Humans Work, from the Inside Out

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Andrews McMeel Publishing

a division of Andrews McMeel Universal

1130 Walnut Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64106

www.andrewsmcmeel.com

ISBN 978-1-5248-6936-6

Library of Congress Control Number: 2020947821

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Introduction

chapter 1: BODY BASICS

Almost Human

Baby Bods

Bony Bits

Outer Layers

Arms and Shoulders

Hands and Fingers

Robots Making Things

Legs and Feet

Head and Neck

Chest and Back

Part Bod, Part Bot

Tiny but Mighty

chapter 2: GET MOVING

Muscles and Motors

Sending Signals

Security Bots

Power and Energy

What a Waste

Walking and Running

Fastest Bots and Bods

Bot Travel

chapter 3: SEEING AND SENSING

Fingers and Touch

Eyes and Vision

Robots in the Home

Ears and Hearing

Keeping Balanced

Voice and Speech

Taste and Smell

Robots in Space

chapter 4: THINKING AND FEELING

Brains of All Kinds

How Brains Work

Doctor Bot

Mind and Memory

Getting Emotional

Who’s the Smartest?

Bot Explorers

Bodiless Bots

Bots and Us—the Future

Answers

Index

Picture Credits

Introduction

What is a robot? Is it a kind of metal person with flashing lights, making beeping noises and talking in a funny voice? That could be a robot. But it’s only part of the story. Some bots look like people, but many don’t. They come in all different shapes, colors, and sizes, from the gigantic to the microscopic. Some even look like animals, such as insects, fish, lizards, and dogs.

In 1920, a Czech writer named Karel Čapek first used the word robot in a play. In his language, it meant forced labor. The robots in the play were humanlike machines built to do hard work. In the end, they rebelled against their human masters. Robots started to appear in movies after that, and scientists began to build machines that they called robots. In the 1960s, the first robots were created to work in factories—and the bot world has been growing ever since.

A robot is basically a machine designed by humans that’s programmed to carry out jobs that a person might normally do—or find impossible to do. Robots are built to do things better than humans, and for longer. They make life easier and safer for people by doing dangerous, boring, and dirty tasks. Bots can do exactly the same things day in and day out. They never get tired and always do what they are told. Not many humans can match that!

Because robots do lots of jobs that humans might do, they often copy what the human body does. A person needs energy to do anything, from breathing to hitting a home run. A robot needs energy, too, to carry out its tasks. Humans and robots both have to move around to get anything done, and each has different mechanisms for doing that. Anything a person does relies on information gathered by their senses, such as seeing, hearing, and tasting. A bot also has to know what’s going on around it and needs sensors to pick up the signals. In a human, all of this is controlled by the amazing brain. Robots have nothing as advanced as that to tell them what to do, but they try their best with the computers and other devices that engineers give them!

In this book, you’ll find all the things that humans and robots can do in the same way, and where and how they are different. First, you’ll get to know the basic features of human bodies and how they are copied in bots. Then you’ll see how movement happens, how the world is seen and sensed, and how humans and robots think it all through. Throughout each chapter are interesting examples that point toward a future when bots will be helping bods more than ever.

think about this...

You’ll find Think About This boxes on some of the pages that ask interesting questions about bots and bods. You can find the Answers here.

Almost Human

Robots in movies often walk, talk, and even have feelings. In real life, things are different—but bots are getting closer to bods all the time!

A humanoid robot looks quite a lot like a human but also like a machine. It might even say hello!

Some robots look a lot like us. They have arms, hands, legs, feet, and heads but are made of metal and plastic. We can still tell they are machines. These bots are called humanoids. If a robot looks completely human, it’s called an android—or a cyborg if part of its body is human and the rest is a machine. If androids and cyborgs sound a bit scary, don’t worry! You’ll find them only in sci-fi books or movies!

There are also robots that don’t look much like us but that carry out human tasks, like helping people in a hospital, making cars in a factory, or keeping places safe. They can move around, pick up and carry objects, and use tools. These working robots are often quicker at doing what we do, and they