THE ORTHODONTIC ROADMAP: GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSIONS

Copyright © 2023 Prof. Dr. Ahmad M.A. Ismail. All rights reserved.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic,

electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information

storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief

quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

www.partridgepublishing.com/singapore

Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book

may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work

are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the

publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

ISBN

978-1-5437-7476-4 (sc)

978-1-5437-7475-7 (hc)

978-1-5437-7474-0 (e)

08/22/2023

THE ORTHODONTIC ROADMAP

GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ORTHODONTIC MALOCCLUSIONS

Prof.Dr. Ahmad M.A. Ismail

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT/ CONTRIBUTORS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

THE MAP

Management Of Class I Malocclusion With Crowding

Management Of Class I Malocclusion With Spacing

CHAPTER I / CLASS I - EARLY AGE

Crowding

Mild Crowding

Moderate Crowding

Severe Crowding

Openbite

Anterior Open Bite With Mild Crowding

Anterior Open Bite With Moderate Crowding

Anterior Open Bite With Severe Crowding

Posterior Open Bite With Mild Crowding

Deepbite

Deep Bite Without Crowding

Deep Bite With Mild & Moderate Crowding

Deep Bite With Severe Crowding

Crossbite

Anterior Single Tooth

Multiple Teeth

Anterior Crossbite With Mild Crowding

Anterior Crossbite With Moderate Crowding

Anterior Crossbite With Severe Crowding

Posterior Crossbite

Posterior Crossbite With Mild Crowding

Posterior Crossbite With Moderate Crowding

Posterior Crossbite With Severe Crowding

Anterior Crossbite With Deepbite

Posterior Crossbite With Deepbite

Posterior Crossbite With Openbite

Posterior Crossbite With Openbite + Mild/Moderate Crowding

Posterior Crossbite With Openbite + Severe Crowding

CHAPTER II / CLASS I - MIDDLE AGE

Crowding

Mild Crowding

Moderate Crowding

Severe Crowding

Openbite

Anterior Open Bite And Crowding

Posterior Open Bite And Crowding

Deepbite

Deepbite With Mild & Moderate Crowding

Deepbite With Severe Crowding

Crossbite

Anterior Crossbite With Crowding (Mild + Moderate)

Posterior Crossbite

Posterior Crossbite With Deepbite

Posterior Crossbite With Openbite & With Mild, Moderate And Severe Crowding

Spacing

CHAPTER III / CLASS I – ADULT

Crowding

Mild Crowding

Moderate Crowding

Severe Crowding

Openbite

Anterior Openbite With Severe Crowding

Deepbite

Deepbite And Crowding

Crossbite

Anterior Crossbite With Crowding

Posterior Crossbite With Crowding

Posterior Crossbite With Anterior Openbite

Crossbite With Deep Bite

Spacing

CHAPTER IV / CLASS II - EARLY AGE

Crowding

No Crowding

Mild Crowding

Moderate Crowding

Severe Crowding

Crossbite

Crossbite With Mild & Moderate Crowding

Crossbite With Severe Crowding

Openbite

Openbite With Mild Crowding

Openbite With Moderate Crowding

Openbite With Severe Crowding

Deepbite

Deep Bite And Anterior Crossbite

Deep Bite And Posterior Crossbite

CHAPTER V / CLASS II - MIDDLE AGE

Crowding

Mild And Moderate Crowding

Severe Crowding

Severe Crowding With Severe Overjet

Openbite

Openbite With Mild & Moderate Crowding

Open Bite With Severe Crowding

Deepbite

Deepbite With Mild & Moderate Crowding

Deepbite With Severe Crowding

Crossbite

Crossbite With Mild & Moderate Crowding

Crossbite With Severe Crowding

Crossbite With Openbite & With The Crowding

Crossbite With Deepbite & With Mild, Moderate And Severe Crowding

CHAPTER VI / CLASS II – ADULT

Crowding

Severe Crowding

Mild & Moderate Crowding

Open Bite

Deepbite

Crossbite

Posterior Crossbite

Crowding

Crossbite And Deep Bite

Crossbite And Openbite

CHAPTER VII / CLASS III- EARLY AGE

Crowding

Mild/Moderate Crowding

Severe Crowding

Openbite

Deepbite

Crossbite

CHAPTER VIII / CLASS III - MIDDLE AGE

Crowding

Openbite

Deepbite

Crossbite

Crossbite With Moderate Crowding

CHAPTER IX / CLASS III – ADULT

Crowding

Mild & Moderate Crowding

Severe Crowding

Openbite

Deepbite

Deepbite With Crossbite

Deepbite With Crowding

Crossbite

CHAPTER X / ANCHORAGE

Dental Anchorage

Wire Bending Anchorage

Devices

CHAPTER XI / RETENTION

Removable Appliances

CHAPTER XII / SUMMARY

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT/ CONTRIBUTORS

I am extremely grateful to all my colleagues and residents in the department of orthodontics for their help and motivation to make this book possible.

I would like to particularly thank my resident orthodontist.

Batch of 2021 (fall)

Raghda El-Zoheiry, Amna Ali, Yara Abazaid and Fuoad Kawaf

Batch of 2022 (fall)

Dina Alkindi, Racha Alniazi, Eman Alabdouli, Alyaa Alhmoudi

Batch of 2023 (spring)

Jensyll Rodrigues, Maei Al Ali, Reem Al Hashmi, Mariam Alsamman, Omar Alaskari, Sondos Awad

Batch of 2023 (fall)

Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Emmanouil Evangelopoulos, Ghazwan Al-falahi, Sharon George, Sina Kazemmousavi

PREFACE

This book has been primarily written for the benefit of the postgraduate orthodontic student but may well be an appropriate refresher for the orthodontic specialist. This book aims to help guide the clinician to the correct diagnosis & treatment plan for every malocclusion that an orthodontist may be faced with.

INTRODUCTION

Every orthodontist requires a guideline in order to establish a correct diagnosis, and thereby allowing for the development of the most effective and efficient treatment. Due to the rapid development of dental and orthodontic technology over the last few decades, there are a multitude of new and old techniques that could be used for the various malocclusions. For this reason, proper diagnosis is essential in order to make the correct treatment choices, not only in terms of appliances, but even more so for the ideal timing of treatment. Treating patients using the correct appliance at the correct time will lead to effective and efficient treatment and will aid in the next important phase- retention. Depending on the specific case, the malocclusion, and the age of the patient, we may decide to stage the treatment in phases, thus taking advantage of the vital factor of growth which can influence the treatment outcome. For the above reasons, using our humble 40 years of experience, we will attempt to classify the treatment according to age and malocclusion and discuss the best ways to deal with each as far as the treatment modalities are concerned.

This chart serves as a reminder about the growth pattern in for Boys & Girls (figure 1 and 2)

Fig.1

The growth chart allows us to decide the exact age for the correct treatment and appliances used to deal

with the malocclusion of each patient, whether male or female. (Phase one, Phase two or Phase three)