Key technologies for NG-PON2 system

Key technologies for

NG-PON2 system

To my family

Contents

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Active and Passive Optical Networks

Active Optical Network (AON)

Passive Optical Network (PON)

The PON Standards Overview

Broadband PON Standard

Gigabit PON Standard

Ethernet PON Standard

Next Generation PON (NG-PON) standards

NG-PON2

CHAPTER TWO

FTTH (Fiber To The Home)

PON Architectures

Time Division Multiplexing PON (TDM-PON)

Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON (WDM-PON)

Hybrid Architectures

Wavelength Division Multiplexing/Time Division Multiplexing PON (WDM/TDM-PON)

Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON (TWDM-PON)

CHAPTER THREE

NG-PON2 Architecture

NGPON2 Description

Optical Line Terminal (OLT)

Optical Distribution Network (ODN)

Optical Network Unit (ONU)

CHAPTER FOUR

Wavelength Plans for NG-PON2

Performance and Design parameters

Bit Error Rate (BER)

Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR)

Received Optical Power (ROP)

Distance

Q-factor

Three plan options for TWDM architecture

Summary

CHAPTER FIVE

Sample results

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Over the past decade, there had been a rapid global growth in Internet usage with a corresponding increase in Internet traffic volume. With recent technological advances and insights, this trend is expected to develop in the future. Most daily routine activities encompass a repeated use of the bandwidth demanding applications. Thus, high capacity networks are required to support the enormous bandwidth requirements, due to the increased number of internet users for a new online application. The key technology to achieve high-capacity network infrastructures, which are able to cope with this exponential increase in global traffic volume is optical fiber communication.

    The increased usage of high bandwidth-demanding services  such  as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP),  live  video  streaming as well as  peer  to  peer passage of information led to a proportional increment in consumers’ demand for  bandwidth that has high-speed fiber connections, to the homes as well as premises.  The demand of residential subscribers is first mile access solutions that offers high bandwidth and media rich services. Meanwhile, there is high demand for broadband infrastructure by corporate by which they can access their LAN to the internet backbone. In order to meet this bandwidth demand, Fiber-To-The-x (FTTx) had emerged, delivering high speed ultra-fast broadband in order to achieve the requirement of next-generation multiplay service applications.

A lot of broadband access technologies are in existence nowadays, examples like copper based digital subscriber loop (DSL), wireless and fiber access. However, the fiber access is seen to be the feasible technology for the future access networks. Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) is the future proofing technology present ultra-high bandwidth and long reach transmission. Many network architectures have been developed, e.g., point-to-point (P2P), active optical network (AON) and passive optical network (PON). Due to the low deployment cost and resource efficiency, PON is considered as the most promising solution. PON is further classified into three types on the basis of two different technologies which are time-division multiplexing (TDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). The three types of PON which are based on this classification include TDM PON, WDM PON and hybrid WDM/TDM PON.

In supporting numerous services simultaneously, optical fiber networks are the most preferred due to its remarkably high bandwidths offer compared to conventional access technology such as twisted pair copper wires or coaxial cables. FTTH is a transfer of information signal over the optical fiber from the operator’s switching equipment to the home or business premises. This method is relatively new, fast growing, and provides the highest bandwidth to end users, hence enabling more robust internet services.

The transmission allows the delivery of triple play services which are data, voice and video. FTTH-PON architectures can support an Ethernet connection over a specific PON protocol standard. Currently, PON standards in use are Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) or Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GEPON).

PONs is now installed in a lot of countries so