Cognitive Competence and Reading/Writing Development in Canada and the World

Copyright © 2021 by Sumar Yousef Ghizan. 828504

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

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Rev. date: 03/26/2021

CONTENTS

Acknowledgment

Dedication

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE, THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND STUDY DESIGN

References

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I do acknowledge every person, educational institution, leader, supporter, friends, and family members also (old and new) colleagues- whether from the same field of my study also from other disciplines- who contributed to the success of the data collection, data analysis and most importantly, reaching the results, expected and the unintentional results that was as of even more important than the expected ones and more useful also applicable. I would like to thank the federal government of Canada for and the province of Ontario who supported my studies financially and were monitoring my progress all the way through. I am truly thankful to the city of Windsor, the current mayor and the previous one who always developed the atmosphere and the surrounding environment where most of the academic work conducted in the one of the most prestigious universities in Ontario and beautiful cities in Ontario and Canada especially the river side where meditation and great ideas generated.

I also would like to thank the current University of Windsor President. Dr. Robert Gordon and President Dr. Allan Wildeman who provided the best environments where I can work on my research and provided all facilities, and places to help conduct and finish this study until it reached its conclusions. I would like to thank also all the great leaders who kept charging and feeding me with actions and words of encouragements and support from all over the world whose visions inspired many people, students and educators as well especially in developing the teaching/ learning process and all types of support for science and progress of the human beings in general, Lerners in particular. Thank you from deep inside my heart. Also, I would like to thank the people I saw while my traveling. I do apologize from anyone who might have heard any word from me that indicated that I was busy or incidents when I was rushing. Please forgive me for the limitation of time. Some findings were not expected at all like out of the norm or unpredictable unexpected at all but eventually very valuable and significant at the same time. Thus I am very grateful to all and every individual, institution, leaders, organizations and units who contributed and played a significant role to make this study possible. My publication team who are always of a great support and available around the clock in many time zones, all efforts and contributions are highly appreciated.

DEDICATION

T his book is dedicated to my beloved family and great friends who kept encouraging me all the time. I am very grateful to the great and wonderful support. Also to students and colleagues who kept encouraging and motivating me as a scholar and author of this book. I think it will benefit as many individuals as possible inside and outside the borders of North America. I wish it will evoke development all over the world in various fields mainly reading and writing for all native speakers of the language, EF, as well as ESL. Whatever that language might be.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

W e can read, thus we, as a result, can write in Canada and all over the world. The precesses consist of two skills that are connected to each other and one is an input to the other. Thus it is can be considered as a true revelation in the field as reading is not only a skill but also a strategy, language acquisition strategy to develop writing skills. This puts reading in a new higher level in acquisition and competence and makes it the most important skills in acquiring a competence and first stage of learning before any other skills. It is primary and important. Other skills comes next and they are important but the most important skill and the first one is reading. The researcher is classifying knowledge into two classifications, the know and the unknown, and through reading the unknown can be revealed and unlocked and once it becomes known, life changes accordingly.

So any learner, before knowing, s/he is something different while after knowing, s/he starts to show changes in his cognitive competence and that is the most important thing, cognitive competence development. Before this person starts writing, the change has occurred and his awareness scope has widened and included things were not there before the process of gaining knowledge. From here the importance of questions is focused on. As through questions, answers can enlightens and reach revelation and knowledge can be obtained. Data collections can occur though a questionnaire, results based on the answers can help the researcher reach his/her conclusions.Thus we can conclude that truth might be revealed through reading and comprehension questions. Tests are also important, and there is a difference between learners who study with evaluation and students who do not go through evaluations’ processes or questions. When the learner knows, s/he will be asked, s/he can get prepared but without evaluation, many learning strategies will be posed and that is an obstacle in the face of educators. For instance, Pre and post advancer is not activated if the evaluation process is not in activation mode.

It is important to state that this is one of the longest studies that it took a lot of time, efforts and finance in order to accomplish adequately and successfully. It was one of the most challenging, energy consuming, and one of the most dangerous studies of the researcher life time as the researcher was in the middle of the storm, educational processes starting from implementing learning objectives until reaching outcomes, and fortunately the study concluded with great accomplishments on the individual level as well as collaboratively until it came up with great results and valuable outcomes as it revealed a magnificent data not possible to be reached unless constructed in real life experiences day- by day experimental data collection and close observation, strong memory, scope and sequence strategies’ implementation, close observation for both the curricula income and outcomes for the purpose of higher value which is achieving the curricula objectives and meeting the learning standards of education in a very highly advanced and strongest educational systems in our currently era, the 21st century, mainly 2021.

It was conducted in one of the countries that is considered one of the most developed countries in the world that care for educating individuals including all categories and various age ranges also the location chosen by the researcher, in the middle of a native- speakers of the language, under the supervision and leadership of the most prestigious educational institutions in Canada. The time spent to have this study completed is a lot, in addition to the amount of efforts and budget that was contributed to accomplish this study is beyond calculation. Deep true gratitude for all who contributed to this study until the results was concluded and a lot of appreciation to individual and collective efforts paid for conducting this long, expensive and very demanding study that took years until we could reach findings that we can use them to generalize results and reach its (the study) conclusions.

The unexpected unintentional results and conclusions were as of a great value as the intentional outcomes the study could reveal. I have never read or seen and witnessed such a massive study that touched almost all learners and all educational institutions all over the world. The results was fruitful literally speaking and the change is vast it included every country, every nation and almost all learners and educators. Some educational systems faced greta challenges to adapt to the latest changes the study proposed although the sample of the study, though very big, but limited local and international as well but in comparison with the generalization it proposed, might be considered very massive in its impact and resolutions.

The participants of the study included volunteers and others who has the duty of meeting the standards and achieving educational objectives on their shoulders. Many leaders in the field of education and other related field of the study were closely or remotely involved as well. Decision makers were observing and had a close distance of both the income and outcome of the study revealed findings. Still it is important to say that it was really a very vital study that included so many people and the findings may touch the future of learning/ teaching processes. The changes allowed many educational systems to evolve in order to cope