C++ Programming Language: Simple, Short, and Straightforward Way of Learning C++ Programming

C++ Programming Language: Simple, Short, and Straightforward Way of Learning C++ Programming

Copyright 2016 - KDP Edition

Sherwyn Allibang

Edition License Notes

This book is authorized for your own personal use. This book may not be re-sold or offered away to other individuals. Much thanks to you for regarding the diligent work of the author.

Introduction

This book is for absolute beginners with or without prior knowledge in programming, as this book uses Simple words, Short sentences, and Straightforward paragraphs. The triple S way of learning C++ programming. C++ (pronounced as cee plus plus) is a general-purpose programming language. The main object of C++ is to add object-orientation to its predecessor C language. C++ has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing facilities for low-level memory manipulation. There are also other useful features added to C++ such as inheritance and polymorphism. The topics covered in this book includes brief introduction to C++ programming, variables, data types, control structures, functions, pointers, and file management of external files. This book starts its discussion from short history to installation of the needed software resource and a step by step screen shots of how to write C++ programming code, compile and execute C++ programs. It presents graphical representation of algorithms for simpler learning. This book is packed with working and running C++ program samples and after reading this book, the reader would be able to develop and create C++ language programs based particularly from problems given in computer science courses, hence, adopting to other programming language will be a lot easier. This book is your initial step in your programming career.

TO GOD BE ALL THE GLORY!

The resources used in this book are:

> Personal Computer running Windows 7 Operating System

> Dev-C++ available at http://bloodshed.net

Other Operating Systems can also be used and you may also ought to use other C++ compilers or IDE.

NOTE: All links provided in this book are updated occasionally. If a link becomes unavailable, email me at [email protected]

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement

Dedication

Chapter 1 - Starting C++ Language Programming

Brief history of C++

Reasons to use C++

Beginning to Program in C++ Language

Installing the Dev-C++ for Windows

Installing compiler for Linux

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 2 - Our First C++ Program

Definition of programming terms

The components of a C++ program

Writing, compiling, and running our first program using Dev-C++ for Windows

Correcting errors

Writing, compiling, and running our first program with Linux

Compiling and running the program on Linux

Statements

Null Statements

White spaces

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 3 - Storing Data: Variables and Data Types in C++

Variable

Variable Declaration and definition

Scope of variables

Constants

Keywords

typedef declarations

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 4 - Fundamentals of Input And Output in C++

Displaying text on-screen

Accepting user input

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 5 - Arrays and Strings in C++

Array

Single-Dimensional

Multi-Dimensional Array

The C-Style Character String

Declaring and defining a string

Defining a string using input functions

C Strings' pre-defined functions in C++

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 6 - Mathematical Operations in C++

Expressions

Operators

Assignment Operator

Mathematical Operators

Binary

Unary

Mathematical operators precedence level and parentheses

Relational Operators

Logical Operators

Type Casting

Pre-defined Mathematical Functions

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 7 - Conditional Statements in C++

The if() statement

Single-alternative

Dual-alternative

Multiple-alternative

Nested if() statement

The switch() statement

Things to consider in conditional statement:

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 8 - Looping Statements in C++

What is a Loop?

Counter-controlled loop

Nested for() loop statement

Condition-controlled loop

Pre-test loop

Post-test loop

The Infinite Loop

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 9 - User-Defined Functions in C++ Language

User-defined function

User-defined function prototype

User-defined function definition

Calling a user-defined function

Things to consider in functions

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 10 - User-Defined Data Types in C++

Structures

Declaring a structure

Defining a structure

Accessing Structure Members

Compound declaration and definition of structure

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 11 - Classes in C++

What is a class?

Creating New Types

Classes and Members

Declaring of a Class in C++

Definition of a Class member method(s) in C++

Defining an Object of a class

Accessing Class Members

Private versus public access controls

Constructor and destructor

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 12 - Exception Handling in C++

What is exceptions?

How Exceptions Are Used

The basic steps in using exceptions

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 13 - Pointer in C++

Pointers in C++

Pointer Declaration

How pointers works?

Pointer Arithmetic

Self-assessment questions

Chapter 14 - File Management in C++

C++ Files and Streams

Opening a File

Closing a File

Writing to a File

Reading from a File

Self-assessment questions

Answers to self-assessment questions

Ending Notes

Disclaimer

About the Author

Acknowledgements

The author wishes to express his heartfelt gratitude to the Almighty God for His grace, wisdom, and guidance and for giving the author the determination to write this book. This book would not have been possible without the support and help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this material. The author offer his regards and blessings to all of those who supported him in any respect during the completion of this book.

Dedication

The author dedicates this book to the ALMIGHTY GOD.

This book is also dedicated to Dennis Ritchie for giving the author the tools to program and to Bill Gates for giving the author the reasons to program.

Chapter 1 - Starting C++ Language Programming

This chapter presents a brief overview of C++ programming. C++ was designed with a basis toward system programming with high performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design highlights. This chapter presents the things needed in starting C++ programming.

Brief history of C++

The C++ programming language has a history path in 1979. Bjarne Stroustrup, a Danish computer scientist, is working with the language called Simula, which is a language principally intended for simulations. The Simula 67 language underpins object-oriented programming paradigm. Stroustup started working with C with classes. C is considered as middle-level language which has the power of Low-level language but has high-level language features and C is considered as the predecessor of C++. Bjarne Stroustrup, at Bell Labs designed C++ in the early 80s, as an object oriented language based on the C language, which powered pretty much all systems software since its creation in 1972. The first C with Classes compiler was called Cfront, which was derived from a C compiler called CPre. C++'s goal is to add object-oriented programming into C language. The ++ operator in the C language is an operator for incrementing a variable, which gives some insight into how Stroustrup regarded the language. In 1985, Stroustrup's reference to the language entitled The C++ Programming Language was published.

Reasons to use C++

To start with, C++ is highly recommended for beginning programmers in starting their programming career because C++ covers both procedural and object-oriented programming approach. Once someone learned the concepts behind programming language with C++, adopting or migrating to other programming language will be a lot easier whether it's object-oriented or procedural-oriented programming, as most of the things needed are pretty similar.

C++ has been around a while and it has solved several industry challenges considering that it is also the primary language that drives the mobile experience today. In addition to high performance server and middleware, C++ is a great choice for client side development on the two most popular mobile platforms Android and iOS and the two most popular desktop platforms, Windows and Mac OS X. With the recent introduction of developer tools that enable, among other things, visual design for clients, middleware, and server side apps; C++ is extremely productive and really makes it a great choice for modern app development, so learning the basics of C++ will make someone be competitive in the industry's stiff competition.

This book will bring the world of C++ programming closer to you.

Beginning to Program in C++ Language

All the C++ programs are written into text files with extension .cpp for example hello.cpp, where .cpp is the extension file name. These text files are called source files. The source files contains the C++ source codes and will later be transformed into a running executable file. The program development cycle of C++ language are:

1. Write the source codes into a text editor (ex: notepad) to create the source file.

2. Compile the source file to create the object file.

3. The object file is link into an executable (ex: .exe for windows) file.

4. Run the program and see the result.

Based from the program development cycle of C++, notice that there are several things needed which includes a text editor, a compiler, and a linker. The good news is that, for Windows users, there is a software that comprises the three. It is called Dev-C++ which is available at http://bloodshed.net and for the download direct link at http://bloodshed-dev-c.en.softonic.com/download.

Dev-C++ is a C++ source code editor, a compiler, and a linker. All the things needed in creating a C program.

Note: You may ought to use other compilers as the sample codes in