The Elements of Blowpipe Analysis

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Frederick Hutton Getman

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Title: The Elements of Blowpipe Analysis

Author: Frederick Hutton Getman

Release Date: June 25, 2010 [EBook #32974]

Language: English

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THE ELEMENTS OF BLOWPIPE ANALYSIS

THE

ELEMENTS OF BLOWPIPE

ANALYSIS

BY

FREDERICK HUTTON GETMAN, F.C.S.

INSTRUCTOR IN CHEMISTRY IN THE STAMFORD HIGH SCHOOL

New York

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD.

1899

All rights reserved

Copyright, 1899,

By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.

Norwood Press

J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith

Norwood Mass. U.S.A.

PREFACE

These few pages are intended to serve a twofold purpose,—to give the student a general outline of Blowpipe Analysis, and to introduce him to the methods of Determinative Mineralogy.

Every effort has been made to simplify details so that the book may be used in both High Schools and Colleges.

Tables for systematic examination have been intentionally omitted, for in the author's estimation these tend to dull the student's power of observation, and to make him place little value upon minute details.

The alphabetic arrangement has been followed for the sake of convenience when referring to the book.

The last chapter is not intended to serve as a key to determining the minerals therein described, but rather it is added to give the student exercise in Blowpipe Analysis, and at the same time to point out the methods of Determinative Mineralogy.

Finally, the author would acknowledge his indebtedness to the following works: Manual of Qualitative Analysis, Fresenius; Qualitative Chemical Analysis, Venable; Roscoe and Schorlemmer's Treatise on Chemistry; Foye's Hand-Book of Mineralogy; Dana's Mineralogy; Kobell's Tafeln zur Bestimmung der Mineralien; etc.

Frederick Hutton Getman.

Stamford, Conn.,

Feb. 22, 1899.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

PAGE

Apparatus and Reagents 1-7

CHAPTER II

General Outline of Blowpipe Analysis 8

Definitions 9

Examination on Charcoal Alone 10

Examination on Charcoal with Sodium Carbonate 13

Examination in Tube with Sodium Carbonate and Charcoal 15

Examination on Platinum Wire 16

Examination in Borax Bead 17

Examination with Cobalt Nitrate 20

CHAPTER III

General Reactions for the Detection of the Metallic Elements in Simple Compounds 22

Aluminum 23

Antimony 24

Arsenic 25

Bismuth 25

Cadmium 26

Chromium 26

Cobalt 27

Copper 28

Iron 28

Lead 29

Manganese 30

Mercury 30

Nickel 31

Silver 32

Tin 32

Zinc 33

The Alkali Metals 34

Ammonium 34

Potassium 35

Sodium 35

Lithium 36

The Alkaline Earths 36

Barium 36

Calcium 37

Strontium 37

The Acid Elements 37

Borates 37

Bromides 38

Chlorides 38

Fluorides 38

Iodides 39

Nitrates 39

Phosphates 40

Silicates 40

Sulphides 41

CHAPTER IV

Behavior of Some of the Principal Ores before the Blowpipe 43

Ores of Antimony 46

Ores of Arsenic 47

Ores of Bismuth 48

Ores of Chromium 49

Ores of Cobalt 50

Ores of Copper 52

Ores of Iron 57

Ores of Lead 60

Ores of Manganese 63

Ores of Mercury 64

Ores of Nickel 65

Ores of Silver 66

Ores of Tin 69

Ores of Zinc 70

COMPARATIVE TABLES

I. Colors of Coatings on Charcoal 73

II. Flame Colorations 73

III. Colors of Borax Beads in oxidizing Flame 74

IV. Colors of Borax Beads in reducing Flame 75

V. Colors of Microcosmic Salt Beads in oxidizing Flame 76

VI. Colors of Microcosmic Salt Beads in reducing Flame 77