Memory Studies

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk features in a number of texts, especially in connection with his political activity as president of Czechoslovakia, or his activities during the First World War. In fact, there are only a few significant texts that give a biographical summary of T. G. Masaryk's lifelong work. In the Czech post-1989 environment, these are, in particular, the texts by Stanislav Polák and Jaroslav Opat, published at the turn of the millennium, but prepared in part during the dissent era. Notably, Polák's extensive, seven-volume work, T. G. Masaryk. Towards Ideal and Truth, however, shifts from the genre of scientific biography to that of apology, a defence of Masaryk's actions as moral in all circumstances. This study draws attention to the blending of the scientific biography of prominent Czech political personalities with their "hagiography," an uncritical defence which subsequently permeates historical thinking and the interpretation of Czech history as a whole.

Despite its idiosyncratic features, the experience of the Greek crisis of the 2010s was decisively shaped by discourses articulated at the global, European, and national levels. While numerous sociological accounts have explored the spatio-temporal continuities and discontinuities of the crisis, few scholars have employed the concept of trauma to make sense of what changed and what remained the same, before and after the default. From a psychosocial perspective, this is a missed opportunity, not least because trauma is a boundary and thus enigmatic concept that, rather than typifying change, seeks to illuminate the interconnections between past and present, self and other, memory and practice. Drawing on 91 life story interviews conducted between 2020 and 2023, the paper examines the trauma of the Greek crisis, with a particular focus on its often-overlooked class-related manifestations.

Background/aim Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Increased oxidative stress has been shown to be a prominent and early feature in AD. Medicinal plants with antioxidant activities have been used traditionally in the treatment of several human diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effects of aqueous infusions of Boswellia serrata on AD induced in rats. Materials and methods Ninety adult male Sprague Dawley rats were enrolled in this study and were divided into 9 groups (ten each). Groups 1-5 for the protective study, 6-9 for the therapeutic study as follows: 1st group: negative control group in which rats were given daily oral dose of 1ml tab water, 2nd group: induction of animal model mimicking AD by daily oral administration of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) to rats in a dose of 17 mg/kg for 4 successive weeks; 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups: rats were orally given rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg/day), Boswell...

A Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG) 1998-2000 között kiemelt kutatási programul az alteritás és identitás témáját választotta, melyben huszonkét német tudományos mûhely, tanszék vett részt, száz-százötven kutatóval. Az egyik mûhely a freiburgi egyetem Történelmi Szemináriumában mûködött két német, egy osztrák, egy szlovák és egy magyar történésszel, valamint egy szociológussal (ez utóbbi én lennék). A kutatási program-mivel rengeteg diszciplínát és kutatót ölelt fel-szükségképp az azonosság és másság legtágabb fogalmára törekedett, a hangsúlyt a két fogalom konstruálásának társadalom-és mentalitástörténeti folyamataira helyezte, módszertanilag pedig kifejezetten forszírozta az interdiszciplináris kutatást. A magunk részérõl az vizsgáltuk, hogy az I. világháborút lezáró békeszerzõdések nyomán keletkezõ új országhatár milyen másságképeket, identitásformákat és identitáspolitikákat hozott létre a "frontier"-en, vagyis a határ közvetlen közelében élõ helyi közösségekben. Kiválasztott kisrégióink, illetve városaink, melyek az osztrák-magyar és a szlovák-magyar határ mentén húzódnak, 1920 elõtt a történelmi Magyarországhoz tartoztak, majd az utódállamokhoz kerültek. Közös vonása e településeknek és térségeknek az is, hogy népességük etnikailag vegyes volt, ezen belül azonban uralkodó helyzetet foglalt el az egyik etnikum. Abból indultunk ki, hogy az ún. "trianoni" határok megvonása-mivel azok általában nem a korábbi közigazgatási, gazdasági és etnikai választóvonalakat testesítették meg-azonnali és gyökeres változásokat hozott a helyiek mindennapi életében.

Durante la última década, España e Hispanoamérica han experimentado una importante evolución del empoderamiento político de la mujer que ha quedado patente en el incremento de los cargos de proyección pública ocupados por estas. Este trabajo se basa en la importancia de la prensa de referencia para la configuración de la imagen social de las políticas y su capacidad para transmitir la perspectiva de género. Se plantea, por tanto, un análisis comparativo sobre la cobertura mediática en la prensa de Argentina, Chile, España y México del nombramiento de tres políticas como las primeras ministras de Defensa en sus países y que, de hecho, forman parte de un reducido grupo de mujeres que ha desarrollado dicha responsabilidad en el mundo. Mediante un análisis de frames, se estudia la evolución diacrónica de la presencia de valores de género en la prensa iberoamericana y española desde el año 2002 al 2008.

Detroit is widely known as the Motor City, but it has also given rise to some of the world's most important urban social movements. Edited by Linda Campbell, Andrew Newman, Sara Safransky, and Tim Stallmann, A People's Atlas of Detroit narrates the lived experiences of people engaged in political battles central to Detroit's future and that of urban America. This interdisciplinary volume features contributions by over fifty figures from movement-building efforts in Detroit, including activists, farmers, students, educators, scholars, not-for-profit and city government workers, and members of neighborhood block clubs. Developed from a community-based participatory project, the book speaks to the challenges of fighting for land and housing justice, food sovereignty, economic democracy, accountable governance, and the right to the city. A People's Atlas of Detroit weaves together maps, poetry, interviews, photographs, essays, and stories to critique status quo urban governance while elucidating radical visions for change. By drawing upon the collective analyses of Detroiters engaged in the front lines of struggle, A People's Atlas of Detroit argues that it is only by confronting racial injustice head-on that communities can overcome the depths of economic and ecological crises afflicting cities today. This innovative collection builds bridges between multiple areas of social activism as well as current scholarship in geography, anthropology, history, and urban studies to inspire communities in Detroit and other cities towards transformative change.

Chiquinquirá 15 de mayo (2023) reconstructs a traumatic Colombian event using only archival television footage. Though the event occurred, the widely shared memory of its live broadcast is false-no such transmission exists. The film becomes a case study in how collective memory forms around emotionally-credible but fabricated images. Drawing on film theory, memory studies, and archival critique, this essay examines the mythopoetic function of audiovisual media. It argues that moving images do not record reality but generate the sensation of truth. In post-conflict contexts, wherein video is used as legal evidence, such affective mechanisms reveal deep epistemological instability.

This chapter brings together several inscriptions from late antique Asia Minor with erased pagan content, resembling, yet distinct from, the better-studied erasures stemming from damnatio memoriae. These rasurae tell us much about the process of reading and evaluation in the early centuries of Christian dominance. In attempting to define this phenomenon, I juxtapose a series of potential labels for these erasures (“unofficial” vs “official,” “religious” vs “political,” and “non-damnatio” vs “damnatio”), ultimately arguing that we should rather consider them as part of a broader, transcultural habit of destroying inscribed writing. Doing so brings to the fore the fundamental differences between the treatment of inscriptions and statues in Late Antiquity.

Опыт рабОты с истОрическОй средОй через сайт-специфические перфОрмативные практики Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются возможности и особенности работы через сайт-специфический танец с историей места и с индивидуальной памятью. Материалом для анализа служат собственные творческие работы автора статьи, реализованные с 2017 по 2020 г. в Москве. Они разделены в соответствии с тремя форматами: танцевальные экскурсии в центре города, «домашние лаборатории», посвященные типовому жилью и пространству собственного дома, и арт-исследование Басманного района. Автор рассматривает работы в русле перформативных исследований, стремится объединить взгляд теоретика и практика, позицию наблюдателя, автора и участника. Проанализировано, как в каждом случае происходит работа с наследием, как место и его история раскрываются через танец. Материал сравнивается с жанром авторской городской экскурсии как самым популярным сайт-специфическим способом знакомиться с историей города. Продемонстрировано, какие новые возможности дает обращение к телесности в дополнение к вербальной коммуникации; какие части истории возможно «перевести» на язык танца и перформанса и как по сравнению с экскурсией меняется взаимоотношение участников с местом и друг с другом. Ключевые слова: интерпретация, наследие, партиципация, перформативные исследования, повседневная историческая культура, сайт-специфические перформативные практики, сайт-специфический танец, телесная память, экскурсии, практика как исследование Для цитирования: Кондратьева С. А. Между экскурсией и танцем: опыт работы с исторической средой через сайт-специфические перформативные практики // Шаги / Steps.

The mainstream literature on Turanism defines the term as an essentially expansionist and irredentist movement that aims at unifying all Turkic populations. This article challenges this presupposition, arguing that the Turanist imagination has multiple usages. A considerable number of Turkish nationalist intellectuals of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in fact, approached it as a modern political concept within the confines of solidarity and sovereignty. They regarded the general idea of nationalism as a universal concept to which everyone could make an equal claim, including non-Turks in the Ottoman Empire. This translates to mean that Turanism is not necessarily territorial expansionism, nor must it go hand in hand with racist/expansionist claims. Neither should it be understood as the hegemony of Turkey's Turks over other Turks. It rather strives for a Turkist internationalism in which Turks negotiate with each other to maximize their sovereign interests. Seen in that light, Turanism is not a mystical idea, and it refers to modern practical/political concepts such as independence, territorial integrity, national sovereignty, and self-determination.

Dans cette journée d’études, nous cherchons à penser le rôle des créations littéraires et artistiques dans des situations de violence extrême. Certaines de ces œuvres tendent, évidemment, à restituer l’événement du terrible en mots, en objets ou en images, dans un souci de fidélité aux faits, afin de contrer la négation et l’oubli. D’autres reconfigurent l’événement à travers la fiction, l’esthétique ou la poésie, accordant ainsi un rôle fondamental à l’imagination dans l’intelligibilité de la violence extrême comme dans la résistance à son emprise. Par le travail de l’imagination, d’autres œuvres cherchent encore à produire une désidentification avec le réel de l’anéantissement, ce qui revient à envisager un devenir-autre des survivants et des disparus, et à reconfigurer le monde naufragé par un travail de création du possible, là où tout semble détruit.

In order to test the extent to which the above-mentioned shift toward cosmopolitan memory that began in the 1980s applied to war museums, we selected institutions that opened and/or remade their permanent exhibitions after 1990, were located in different parts of Europe, varied in size and number of visitors, and dealt with World War I and/or World War II. We selected the following museums: the Kobarid Museum/Slovenia (1990), the Historial of the Great War in Péronne/France (1992), Oskar Schindler's Factory in Kraków/Poland (2010), the Military History Museum of the Bundeswehr in Dresden/Germany (2011), and the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst/Germany (1993, new exhibition 2013). WP4 aimed to provide comprehensive descriptions of the selected museums and exhibitions, as well as of the process and context of their establishment and reception by visitors. A detailed analysis of the permanent exhibitions, informed by Clifford Geertz's (1973) ethnographical method of "thick description, " took into account the selection and arrangement of objects, the textual level and design of the exhibitions, as well as their sensual appeal . To ensure the coherence and balance of our comparative study, we also organized field trips to the museums as a whole team. In parallel, we examined the history and origins of each museum through archival and press research in addition to conducting interviews with directors, curators, scientific advisers, and other agents involved in the museum-making process. We identified the museums' main stakeholders, reconstructed the circumstances of their establishment and/or the set-up of new exhibitions, and traced the controversies marking the planning stages and thereafter. We also examined public responses to the exhibitions and how these institutions fit into regional, national, and transnational memory discourses. At each site, researchers conducted 30 to 50 semi-structured interviews with visitors and documented visitor books. Additionally, in two museums we piloted an image-based tablet questionnaire. A number of questions were addressed: How does the public engage with the dominant message and memory regime? To what extent do visitors agree with this message? Do the visitors feel empathy with former enemies and/or other emotions? Do visitors reflect critically on war-making? The full analysis of the material from the visitor studies is still underway. Here, we present some preliminary results.

En este artículo analizamos la interacción de jóvenes nacidos en postdictadura con dos lugares de memoria; Londres 38 y Villa Grimaldi, ambos ex centros de tortura de la dictadura chilena (1973)(1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990). A partir del análisis del registro audiovisual de esta interacción, señalamos que la experiencia posibilita el despliegue y articulación de conocimientos, emociones, percepciones, imaginación y memorias, tensionando las disputas por la significación del pasado reciente entre las generaciones según su acercamiento a este pasado. Reflexionamos finalmente acerca de la relevancia de posicionar a los jóvenes como constructores de las memorias del pasado reciente.

Studies on Chilean memory sites have focused on the spaces created to remember the human rights abuses carried out during the dictatorship. However, the ways in which people experience and appropriate these readings of the past have received scarce attention. In this article, we explore how individuals who were not victims of human rights abuses experience two memory sites in Santiago, Chile: Villa Grimaldi and Londres 38. Following the premise that memory emerges as a product of semiotic and material assembling materialized in the interaction between sites and visitors, we analyze the relationship between the memory sites’ suggested readings of the past and the experiences of the public. We argue that this experience allows visitors to connect past atrocities with broader social discourses circulating in Chile in the form of abstract knowledge. This requires visitors to assume a position in relation to different historical accounts, allowing specific reconfigurations of collective ...

The culture of many indigenous communities in Ghana revolves around persons, (often warriors) who either led them to war or to their current settlements. These historical figures otherwise known as Cultural Heroes have greatly influenced the initiation of festivals and other cultural activities of the people in their honour. In this regard, consideration is given to such ones like Tweneboa Kodua who sacrificed his life so that Asantes could win their war of independence (Agyekum, 2013);  Ansa Sasraku of the Akwapims, Amenfi of Asebu and the great Fante Trio Obumankoma, Oson and Odapagyan. These historical figures have been given special places in the histories of their communities thereby affecting cultural systems in one way or other.Most of these heroes have aroused the interest of biographers, historians and critics who among other things, analyze the genealogies of communities and acknowledge their heroism. Beyond the reverence however, are there possibilities to use their rich ...

La reflexión se adentra en la naturaleza de nuestras lagunas mentales cotidianas y profundas, desde olvidos triviales —como dónde dejamos el auto o el nombre de alguien— hasta fenómenos extremos como el zapói o la amnesia. Se analiza cómo, gracias a los avances científicos desde el siglo XVII hasta hoy, entendemos que la memoria guarda huella física en el encéfalo y se distingue entre memoria implícita y explícita, así como entre corto y largo plazo. También se reconoce que eventos como el alcoholismo o el deterioro neurológico pueden causar alteraciones cognitivas profundas, derivadas más del cuerpo que de un alma inmaterial.

No dia 28 de maio, por ocasião do Dia Mundial de África, teve lugar em Genebra o Colóquio Internacional do Gengibre Literário, realizado sob a égide das autoridades suíças, da União Africana, da Francofonia e do Senegal, no qual foram debatidas questões relativas às reparações dos colonialismos, nas suas dimensões jurídica, política e simbólica. O ano de 2025, proclamado pela União Africana como o "Ano da Justiça para Africanos e Pessoas de Ascendência Africana por meio de Reparações", oferece um contexto particularmente propício a esta reflexão, que o caso de Portugal ilustra de forma especialmente elucidativa. Com efeito, em 2024, o Presidente Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa reconheceu publicamente a responsabilidade histórica dePortugal nos crimes coloniais-um gesto até então impensável, que abriu caminho a uma eventual reparação. Mas como traduzir esse reconhecimento em factos concretos, e sobretudo, em direito?

My paper presents claims concerning the developments in the discourse
of Holocaust memory in the Hungarian socialist period in the ‘60s. My
research assumes that, although the official politics of memory in
Hungary did not allow for open social processing of the trauma, it can
be concluded that from the late 1950s and 1960s onwards there were
clear signs of a breaking of silence, of a remembering of the victims, of
reflection on the presence of the haunting past. It is my argument that
the trials of the 1960s - the Eichmann trial or the Auschwitz trials as
global events - may have influenced the Hungarian cultural sphere, just
as the political impact of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war may have had a
decisive influence on the shaping of Jewish memory. The present study
is about the encouraged form of Jewish communal memory – the Claims
Conference grant for cultural reconstruction, exhibition, and book
publishing (from 1958) -, on the other hand, about the forms of memory
revived in the literary public between 1960 and 1967, and finally about a
person - Erzsi Szenes - through whom we can illustrate the particularities
and discontinuities of Jewish memory in the 1960s.

In reconsolidation studies, memories are typically retrieved by an exposure to a single conditioned stimulus (CS). We have previously demonstrated that reconsolidation processes are CS-selective, suggesting that memories retrieved by the CS exposure are discrete and reconsolidate separately. Here, using a compound stimulus in which two distinct CSs are concomitantly paired with the same aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), we show in rats that reexposure to one of the components of the compound CS triggers extinction or reconsolidation of the other component. This suggests that the original training conditions play a critical role in memory retrieval and reconsolidation.

Durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira, quem se posicionava contra o regime era considerado inimigo. Nessa época, Peter Ho Peng era um líder estudantil de esquerda, tendo sido perseguido, preso e torturado. Natural de Hong Kong, ingressou no país aos dois anos de idade, e adquiriu a nacionalidade brasileira pelas leis da época. A despeito disso, foi submetido a Inquérito Policial de Expulsão e, mesmo arquivado, foi forçado a entregar seus documentos brasileiros e a deixar o Brasil, sem direito a retorno, tornando-se apátrida. Quase quarenta anos depois, em razão da atuação da Comissão de Anistia, sua cidadania foi restituída e obteve reparação econômica. Durante esse tempo, o tratamento dos estrangeiros no Brasil não evoluiu ao ritmo da proteção internacional dos direitos humanos, de forma que ainda existem casos de apatria na atualidade.

TODOS OS DIREITOS RESERVADOS. Proibida a reprodução total ou parcial deste livro ou de quaisquer umas de suas partes, por qualquer meio ou processo, sem a prévia autorização do Editor. A violação dos direitos autorais é punível como crime e passível de indenizações diversas. Justiça de transição nos 25 anos da Constituição de 1988 / Emílio Peluso Neder Meyer, Marcelo Andrade Cattoni de Oliveira (organização). 2ed. ampliada -Belo Horizonte : Initia Via, 2014.

Caros colegas do Grupo da ANPEPP, G ostaria de ter me encontrado com vocês no Rio para trocar as primeiras versões de nossas cartas, bem como de compartilhar as vicissitudes da falta de hábito em escrevê-las... As formas de comunicação de necessidade imediata, mediadas pelas novas tecnologias, e a formatação dos textos acadêmicos parecem contribuir para o esvaziamento, enquanto pesquisadores em ciências humanas, do ato da escrita para além da comunicação e da informação. Li as primeiras versões das cartas discutidas na ocasião, bem como a ata enviada por Danilo e Solange. Muitos de vocês falaram como é penoso, custoso novamente exercitar uma escrita mais próxima do gênero textual da carta do que de artigos, relatórios, capítulos de livros nos moldes tradicionais. Talvez por não estar presente, antes de trazer para vocês as minhas inquietações nos (des)caminhos das pesquisas que ando fazendo, senti necessidade de partilhar com vocês as minhas impressões da ata e das primeiras versões das cartas enviadas e lidas no encontro. As leituras me remeteram a um texto-conferência de Gilles Deleuze de que gosto muito: "O ato de criação". Falando para estudantes de cinema, o filósofo adverte que as artes, dentre elas o cinema, não têm como objetivo comunicar ou informar. A informação pretende uma compreensão única, pois é, em última instância, palavras de ordem. O filósofo chega a compará-las com declarações de polícia. Deleuze diz que o ato de criação, a obra de arte está mais próxima da resistência do que da comunicação. Creio que a ideia de escrevermos cartas para colegas, amigos, alunos, jovens pesquisadores, aposta, de certa forma, na tentativa de trazer um pouco de criação para a academia (bem sei que não sou artista...); ser uma resistência aos modos determinantes atualmente onde impera a informação; exercitar uma escrita mais livre, porém não menos rigorosa na tarefa de compartilhar alguns processos de pesquisa.

The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice (c. 1603/04) by William Shakespeare, focusing on the controversies stemming from the clash of cultures and races, between colonizers and the colonized, has in recent decades become the subject of postcolonial criticism through the analysis of power and discourse dynamics. Although commonly described as a drama about jealousy, racism plays a central role in the plot:  “it is because Othello is a Moor that he and Desdemona must elope; it is because Othello has internalised the racial abuse to which he is constantly subjected that he falls for Iago’s intrigue" (Kiluanji Kia Henda).
Held in 2013 in one of the iconic ballrooms of Casa do Alentejo (Alverca Palace) in Lisbon, The Fate of Othello - a series of photographs that extends the Self-Portrait as a White Man project that Kiluanji Kia Henda initiated in 2010 in Venice - offers us an alternative interpretation of the theatrical play Othello. In five acts, the Angolan artist stages an Othello against a backdrop with Rococo resonances, sometimes seated on the stage completely bare with a defiant purpose, at times advancing towards the audience, at times confronting typical female mythological beings of decorative (and erotic) eighteenth-century iconography, until he ends up reduced to a mere "piece" of a banquet for the consumption of the audience that surrounds him in that magnificent ballroom.
Addressing the relationships between “Tragedy” and the” tragic” in contemporary artistic creation, this essay examines how, from a decolonial perspective, Kia Henda unmasks processes of omission and silencing inherent in the strict connections between Eurocentric vision, economic colonialism, racial prejudice, and the sexualization of the non-European.

This article examines the divergent historical views espoused by Russian and Ukrainian societies and their representatives on topics such as the 1932-1933 famine, Stalinism, and the post-World War II Soviet Union. We draw on an original online survey, conducted simultaneously in January 2021 in Ukraine and Russia, to provide an in-depth analysis of views on history in Ukraine and Russia before the 2022 invasion. In Russia, we illustrate how little contestation there is of official narratives. This may signal the existence of an integrated mnemonic community after a decade of state-curated historical narratives, but it might also imply that Russian society is disengaged from history. In pre-2022 Ukraine, meanwhile, we identify persistent fragmentation in the ways in which society perceives history, largely centered along the country's linguistic divide. However, a central finding is that Russian-speakers in Ukraine differ in their historical views from Russian citizens on key dimensions such as the memory of Stalin and the Holodomor. These results speak to the evolving and politicized nature of societal memory and provide an important baseline for interpreting potential mnemonic shifts that accompanied the full-scale war launched against Ukraine by Russia in February 2022.

Moving beyond simplistic and sensationalist portrayals of kidnapping, this book offers a critical and interdisciplinary analysis that examines kidnapping as a social, historical, cultural, and political phenomenon. Kidnapping is a profound violation of human rights that reshapes societies, disrupts governance, and inflicts lasting trauma on individuals and communities. In Colombia, kidnapping became an endemic feature of the armed conflict, leaving tens of thousands of families in a perpetual state of uncertainty and fear. Through an innovative blend of criminology, sociology, transitional justice, surveillance studies, and collective memory epistemologies, this book unpacks kidnapping as a crime of (im)mobility, a strategy of war, and a serious human rights violation. Drawing on 15 years of research, including statistical analysis, archival work, and interviews with former hostages, ex-combatants, and policymakers, it reveals how kidnapping shaped Colombia's conflict and its ongoing efforts towards justice, truth, and reconciliation. By exploring its patterns, motivations, and legacies, this book not only sheds light on Colombia's experience but also contributes to global discussions on transitional justice, collective memory, and the strategies societies adopt to confront mass victimisation. The Social Construction of Kidnapping is essential reading for scholars and students of criminology, transitional justice, human rights, political violence, and Latin American studies, as well as policymakers, human rights advocates, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of how societies confront legacies of mass victimisation and forge paths towards accountability and healing.

[Capítulo de livro] Arte em prisma - sensorialidade, estética, m´ídia e sociedade coloca-se junto à comunidade como amostra de pesquisas múltiplas em torno da arte por diversas perspectivas, através de investigações que se manifestam em temáticas integradas. O livro aborda estudos relacionados à diversidade a partir de observações sobre a arte abstrata expressionista no campo da neurodiversidade e também por meio da reflexão em torno da fotografia como diálogo de cinco fotógrafas com deficiência visual.  Ainda no âmbito da fotografia, analisa a arte sequencial na construção do discurso com base na temporalidade e no contexto histórico-social. Além disso, elucida a inovação tecnológica sonora, apresentando um estudo da performance musical e dos processos de masterização que pretendem discutir a experiência estética e poética. Outro trabalho do campo sonoro mostra a construção do desenho de som do realismo na representação cinematográfica. Aprofundando a produção do cinema, o penúltimo capítulo traz o cenário cinematográfico paraibano da pandemia da Covid-19 e lança um olhar sobre os sistemas de distribuição das obras e janelas de exibição, em diferentes contextos, no período de confinamento e seu respectivo impacto. O livro finaliza no sétimo capítulo, que traça um olhar sobre as narrativas da mitologia helênica e do contexto midiático da afirmação ideológica alemã no período de ascensão nacional-socialista para analisar a construção do “atleta herói” em Olympia (1938), documentário dirigido por Leni Riefenstahl.

Bu makale, Dersim’in önde gelen aşiret liderlerinden ve Cumhuriyet’in ilk mebuslarından olan Ferhatanlı Diyap Ağa’nın (1852–1935) 1915 Ermeni Soykırımı sürecindeki rolünü ve Cumhuriyet döneminde devletle kurduğu ilişkilerin toplumsal sonuçlarını tartışmaktadır. Çeşitli arşiv belgeleri, sözlü tarih tanıklıkları ve Celal Yıldız’ın “Dersim Mebusu Diyap Ağa Gerçeği” başlıklı çalışması temel alınarak, Diyap Ağa’nın tehcir sürecinde devletle işbirliği yaptığı, Ermenilere ait köylere el koyduğu ve uzun vadede devlet şiddetinden korunamadığı gösterilmektedir. Ayrıca Diyap Ağa’nın, 1937–38 direnişinin lideri Seyid Rıza’nın kayınpederi olması, Dersim tarihinin içsel çelişkilerinin somut bir yansıması olarak ele alınmaktadır.

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Every body of knowledge has its origins in the bodies-territory and territories-body that give it life. The creation and construction of knowledge, which is sometimes slow and processual and sometimes vertiginous and urgent, results from the composition of bodies, experiences, and soils.

The same soil gives rise to diverse interpretations, meanings, and symbolizations by different human and non-human groups. This diversity is of special interest as evidence of interculturality (not monoculture), and pluriversity (not universality).

Of interest as well is the powerful feedback provoked by the notion of body-territory/territory-body from decolonizing, ecofeminist, spatial, and environmental justice perspectives.

What ways of knowing and investigating the world are possible within processes of extermination, cruelty, and plundering of territories and living beings? What qualities are desirable for the artist-researcher's subjectivity in communities and lands that have been violated and sacrificed? How do we imagine their tools and methodologies?

This chapter explores the proposals and implications of extended and enactivist approaches to cognition for understanding memory and remembering. Philosophical interest in memory has recently taken a naturalistic turn, coinciding with the rise of non-classical theories of mind grouped under the "4E" banner: embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive. Although often portrayed as allies, the main E-conceptions that have developed accounts of memory-second-wave extended-mind theories and radical enactivism-are, in fact, conceptually incompatible rivals. This chapter introduces and reviews these competing proposals. It is argued that extended-mind theories, in their second-wave integrationist variants, remain tethered to problematic assumptions about information processing and content storage. By contrast, radical enactivism rejects contentful memory traces altogether, advancing a fundamentally non-representational, actionbased alternative. The final section reveals why a philosophical showdown between enactivist and cognitivist accounts in general-including extended-mind theories of memory-is inevitable, due to their disagreement over memory traces that store information or content.

What can libraries of the past and present tell us about the intellectual traditions and values that influenced their users? In The Jewish Intellectual Tradition: A History of Learning and Achievement, Alan Kadish, Michael Shmidman, and Simcha Fishbane take readers on a journey through six (mostly historical) libraries of and for Jewish intellectuals, presenting their changing contents and contexts.

Graffiti, murals, and street art are increasingly becoming subjects of scholarly research, with the emergence of academic journals, conferences, and classes dedicated to analyzing this global phenomenon. The worldwide rise in social media and websites where images of graffiti and street art are shared has contributed not only to growing interest in their production and awareness of these media, but has also strengthened their political significance by making messages accessible beyond the local context. Instead of presenting a history of graffiti and street art, this chapter focuses specifically on forms of political graffiti that function as sites of memory in Croatia.

Trata-se de discutir o lugar da escuta da irreconciliação no interior da clínica psicanalítica, articulando esse problema ao lugar social possível da psicanálise em países de longa tradição de silenciamento de conflitos sociais, como o Brasil. Isso nos obrigará a recompor a relação entre psicanálise e modernização conservadora no caso brasileiro.

Mayer Bretzfeld, who died in 1823 in Schnaittach near Nuremberg, was the last incumbent of the oldest provincial rabbinate in Bavaria. The recent edition of a trove of family letters from his estate, discovered in the local archives, makes it possible to recover the experiences and writing habits of non-elite Jews from a rural environment in which premodern patterns of education, economy, gender relations, and Western Yiddish language had largely remained intact. This article focuses on the registers of emotional selfexpression that men and women mobilized to convince the rabbi of their respect, indignation, love, or distress.

La Tablada Memory Site is located in the urban periphery west of the city of Montevideo and has the particularity of housing two irregular settlements within its grounds. The growth of these neighborhoods, together with their precarious living conditions, the violence linked to drug trafficking and police violence that their inhabitants face on a daily basis, is taking place in a national and global context marked by increasing social inequalities and worsening poverty. La Tablada, as a territory of memory, not only recalls the violence of the past, but, above all, reflects the current social violence. Since 2017 our university group has been working on the construction and consolidation of La Tablada as a Site of Memory, establishing a dialogue between the memories and violence of the past and the problems faced today by the inhabitants of these neighborhoods and neighborhood collectives. How does a Site of Memory recover and activate in this context? How does it dialogue with these tensions? In this paper we propose to reflect on the political challenges and moral dilemmas associated with research and university extension work in this particular space.

The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad.

Let me start with a tale. Johan and Arturo are neighbours who share nearly everything: language, community, even the same street address. Yet they inhabit fundamentally different moral universes. One believes in human dignity, the other rejects it entirely. Arturo discovered the Marquis de Sade in late adolescence, devouring Juliette and The 120 Days of Sodom. He embraced the Sadean libertine doctrine that humans exist only for an other's pleasure and possesses no intrinsic worth. Delbène's maxim is his creed: "Pray avail me of that part of your body which is capable of giving me a moment's satisfaction, and, if you are so inclined, amuse yourself with whatever part of mine may be agreeable to you." Monthly, or when opportunity allows, Arturo hunts human prey. He drugs his victims, transports them to an abandoned factory, and subjects them to elaborate tortures. His deepest pleasure lies in inflicting savage pain. He would grant his victims eternal life if he could to ensure their everlasting suffering. Johan represents the moral antithesis. The accidental death of another would destroy him with guilt. He cannot fathom intentional harm, viewing Arturo not as truly human and as someone requiring imprisonment or psychiatric care. Even then, Johan's compassion extends to his moral opposite. He would seek Arturo's rehabilitation, not revenge. He'd never wish on him the cruelties Arturo inflicts on others. From Arturo's perspective, Johan's guilt, compassion, and "herd morality" represent precisely the weakness that superior beings must overcome. He envisions a transformed humanity: individual, unique, cold, implacable, infinitely cruel yet brimming with life.

Even in highly parallelized transformer models: * The data flow follows a **fixed sequence**: Input → Layer 1 → Layer 2 → … → Layer N → Output. * Each layer is computed in lockstep, even though multiple attention heads process information in parallel within a layer. * This is analogous to reading a book page by page-while processing within each page may be rich, you cannot jump arbitrarily to other pages during computation. #### 2.2 Non-Linearity in Mathematics vs. Structure The non-linear behavior of LLMs comes from: * Activation functions (ReLU, GELU, etc.) * Softmax-based attention weighting * Learned embeddings and positional encodings However, these non-linearities exist *inside* the fixed layer order-they do not alter the global structural path of execution. In short: * **Mathematics** = non-linear * **Structure** = linear ---### **3. Loop-Augmented Architectures** Some neural architectures attempt to address the limits of linear flow by introducing recurrence or looping: * **RNN/LSTM/GRU**: Feed outputs of one step back into the network for the next. * **Neural Turing Machines / Differentiable Neural Computers**: Access a read/write memory bank. * **Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)**: Pass messages in a graph topology. * **Iterative Reasoning Transformers**: Run multiple forward passes over the same data to refine answers. **Limitations of loop-based designs:** * Loops are typically **local**-feedback affects a small portion of the network. * The topology remains **static**-the pattern of connections is predefined. * Awareness is **temporal**, not *globally synchronous*-parts of the model may "know" something before others. ---### **4. SupatMod's Living Neural Architecture** SupatMod departs radically from these constraints: * **Dynamic topology**: Connections between nodes can change during reasoning. * **Global synchronous awareness**: A change in one node can instantaneously affect all others, akin to quantum entanglement. * **Non-local reasoning**: Cross-layer jumps are possible-information can leap from a deep-layer node to a shallow-layer node without passing sequentially through intermediate layers.

Perú y Colombia son países donde los procesos de memorialización instituyeron la aprobación de iniciativas oficiales para la creación de museos o sitios destinados al recuerdo colectivo de la violencia política desplegada a partir de la mitad del siglo XX. Por ello, resulta importante reflexionar sobre cómo se posicionaron las propuestas de museos conmemorativos oficiales y desde qué visiones se fundó la construcción de una memoria estatal. Este artículo analiza de modo comparativo la génesis del Lugar de la Memoria de Perú (2009) y el Museo de Memoria de Colombia (2011) a partir de la revisión de fuentes documentales: resoluciones, leyes y algunas publicaciones periodísticas. El estudio concluye que si bien las visiones involucradas en la creación de estos museos tienen marcadas diferencias sobre el control institucional y simbólico acerca del pasado de violencia política, fueron pensadas desde la lógica de estados hegemónicos y buscan conjugar una narrativa y horizonte común de futuro.

The experience of offering therapeutic support to the Uyghur Tribunal held in London in June and September 2021 powerfully brought home the critical variations in the meanings of witnessing and bearing witness and what they entail. In this paper, we explore the role of witnessing through offering systemic consultation to those who have experienced human rights violations and those who have witnessed these accounts and discuss our observations about the healing power of acts of resistance/activism. We are four systemic psychotherapists, with a particular interest in narrative practices, and approaches that foreground social justice. With a concern not to become “failed witnesses” which Jessica Benjamin (2014) describes as “a failure of those not involved in the acts of injury to serve the function of acknowledging and actively countering or repairing the suffering and injury that they encounter as observers in the social world”, we attempt here to communicate our experience of witnes...