Language Variety

Language purists have viewed Malaysian English as divergence from native speakers' conventions due to lack of estimation of the language. Much need to be done before Malaysian English can be accurately described and codified. Hence, this qualitative study intends to show the range of usage of Standard Malaysian English lexis, that is the acrolectal variety, in the written and spoken discourse of 203 English as Second Language (ESL) teachers in 38 National Secondary Schools in the Klang district in Selangor. The main aims are to detect and categorise the types of lexical borrowings from three main languages in Malaysia namely Malay, Chinese and Indian languages used by the ESL teachers, to what extent these lexical borrowings are used and for what reasons. This study has identified and collected 483 lexical items over a period of one year that is, from December 2011 to November 2012, whereby qualitative data is interpreted quantitatively. The findings of this study show that the ESL teachers mainly use the lexical items from the Malay language more frequently as it is the official language and has a prestigious placing. Borrowings from the local languages show that the English language is still in contact with other languages to express new ideas and concepts and mostly to retain the culture and tradition of Malaysians regardless of ethnicity. It is prone to change according to the users' needs and to express themselves with respect to their needs to enhance and enrich the language and culture.

This paper attempts to show the use of lexical borrowings in ten teaching materials used by the English as Second Language (ESL) teachers in the ESL classrooms in the National Secondary Schools in the Klang district in Selangor, Malaysia. It also discusses the general and pedagogical implications involved in using lexical borrowings. This paper reveals that teaching materials with local context are found to be appealing and interesting to students because of their familiarity and local flavour. Students can instantly recognise the cultural context and respond to the situations and settings. As such they are able to interact with teaching materials in a more meaningful way.

Research Design/ Approach The article utilizes a descriptive qualitative research design to explore the implementation of digital literacy through the Sapulidi program in a high school context. This approach is particularly suited to studying complex phenomena where quantitative measurements may not adequately capture participants' experiences and practices. The research aims to fill a gap in empirical studies concerning digital literacy programs in high schools in Indonesia, contributing valuable insights to educational practices and theories. The study adopts a qualitative approach, specifically phenomenology, which seeks to understand students experiences and perceptions regarding their engagement with FWCF.

This paper investigates the construction of Italian identity in the film Luca (2021), focusing in particular on the use of language and on the strategies used in its Italian dubbed version. Luca is a film where the construction of Italian identity is undoubtedly extremely important, which has been achieved by exploiting various strategies, both narrative, visual, and verbal. The aim of the study was to focus in particular on the importance of language, as it turns out to be crucial for the identification of the characters as belonging to either the group of the sea monsters or the group of human beings. The sea monsters, in fact, speak a language variety identifiable as standard General American English, whereas the humans speak English with a thick Italian accent, and their variety is interspersed with Italian words/phrases and sometimes they also switch to Italian at the level of entire sentences. The analysis of the Italian dubbed version of the film has revealed that the Italian dubbing professionals have opted for a general strategy of neutralization, therefore erasing any trace of distinction between the variety spoken by the sea monsters and that spoken by the humans, as all characters speak standard Italian, with no accents or other distinctive features.

INDONESIA: Studi kali ini menganilisis tentang perbedaan penggunaan bentuk linguisik khususnya fitur wicara menurut gender. Studi ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana laki-laki dan wanita menggunakan fitur wicara yang berbeda dalam menyampaikan sebuah pidato. Fitur wicara berfungsi agar sebuah percakapan ataupun pidato yang disampaikan oleh pembicara dapat disampaikan dengan baik dan karenanya addressee (pendengar atau penonton) bisa memahami topik yang sedang dibicarakan dengan baik. Namun, perbedaan gender yang ada menyebabkan perbedaan preferensi dalam menggunakan fitur wicara. Dalam perbedaan gender inilah, laki-laki dan wanita telah dikonstruk untuk menjadi berbeda dilihat dari cara mereka menggunakan bahasa, yang mana wanita cenderung menggunakan fitur wicara lebih sering dari pada laki-laki. Untuk membuktikan perbedaan dalam penggunakan bentuk linguistik ini, peneliti kali ini menggunakan transkrip pidato kemenangan Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton pada momen Super T...

level of growth is determined under teacher guidance, interaction, and cooperation. Miyazoe and Anderson (2010) and Walqui (2006) showed this teaching technique provided the best justification for education to foster reflective and immersive learning. Also, Kucirkova et al. (2014) explored the scaffolding instructions using non-technological (authentic) and technological media in the native context. This showed that the current preliminary study expounded the gap between scaffolding investigation for the native context, especially by using technology media, which is different from Kucirkova et al. (2014). Scaffolding learners' literacy in writing through blended learning should be consistently carried out to meet students' needs. This study presented best practices in creating and developing English literacy through blended learning. Therefore, this study aims to explain scaffolding for learners' literacy and investigate students' and lecturers' preferences in a writing class through blended learning. Literature Review Scaffolding Van Driel et al. (2018) and Arifani et al. (2021) affirmed that scaffolding is one of the teaching techniques that is employed to ease language learning during lessons. Kucirkova et al. (2014) also stated that it is the connection between social and cognitive process. Furthermore, Skene (2014) established several benefits of its application to language learning: allow students to start working on key assignments sooner, meet disciplinary expectations, provide more opportunities to receive formative input, promote academic integrity, and improve assignments quality. In teaching writing, scaffolding emerges as an educational cycle that incorporates gender-based literacy approaches to providing greater reading and writing access. Therefore, it enhances curricula or field awareness and opportunities for students to participate in language and text exchanges (Derewianka & Jones, 2016). According to Derewianka and Jones (2016), the research term used four teaching cycles: Building Knowledge of the Field (BKOF), Modeling, Joint and Independent Construction.

Education (IJLCLE) is an open-source peerreviewed international journal dedicated to publishing research in the field of literacy, culture, and language education from multi-inter-and trans-disciplinary perspectives. Its mission is twofold: (1) to promote exchange of ideas and dissemination of research, and (2) to facilitate academic exchange between scholars from diverse fields of study worldwide. Authors are invited to submit manuscripts describing scholarly research on a wide range of topics related to language, literacy, culture in education.

Illocutionary speech act is one of the studies in sociolinguistics. This research discusses the illocutionary speech act in perspective gender. This research aims to find illocutionary speech acts used by both women and men in Hidden Figures movie and to find women's language features both women and men utterances in Hidden Figures film. The theories are by Searle and Lakkof. This research uses qualitative and descriptive methods. The data source is from the Hidden Figures movie was released in 2017. The data was analyzed in the movie transcript. The finding of this research states that there are two classifications of the illocutionary speech act used un the Hiden Figures movie. They are directive and expressive. Furthermore, there are women's speech features in women and men's utterances in the Hidden Figure film.

Discussion of women and their language, or language and women's issues usually leads to the exposure of language differences between women and men. Many things underlie the emergence of differences between women and men from language use perspective. Previous studies described that the male language is more assertive, mature, and men like to speak openly with the right vocabulary. On the other hand, the language spoken by women is not firm, not overtly, and careful when expressing something, and often uses a more polite words or gestures. One way to learn women language is by examining their utterances while communicating, including interviews. This study aims to describe the features of the speeches of Najwa Shihab and President Joko Widodo from gender perspective. The data source in this study is an interview between Najwa Shihab as presenter, and Joko Widodo as a political figure as well as seventh Indonesian President, in a television program called "Mata Najwa". The results showed that in the interview, Najwa Shihab's emotions were very influential when interviewing President Joko Widodo and gave impact on the features of the speech she used when giving questions to the President.

Education (IJLCLE) is an open-source peerreviewed international journal dedicated to publishing research in the field of literacy, culture, and language education from multi-inter-and trans-disciplinary perspectives. Its mission is twofold: (1) to promote exchange of ideas and dissemination of research, and (2) to facilitate academic exchange between scholars from diverse fields of study worldwide. Authors are invited to submit manuscripts describing scholarly research on a wide range of topics related to language, literacy, culture in education.

INDONESIA: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti garis besar dari bahasa wanita yang digunakan oleh karakter –karakter utama dalam film Mockingjay. Ada 2 masalah yang akan di bahas dalam penelitian ini. Yang pertama adalah (1) apakah tipe dari karakteristik bahasa perempuan yang dipakai oleh karakter-karakter utama dalam film, (2) bagaimana karakter lelaki dan perempuan memakai bahasa wanita dalam film Mockingjay. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif karena data dianalisa dan dijelaskan dalam bentuk kata dan kalimat. Data diambil dari percakapan yang di ucapkan oleh karakter-karakter utama dari film Mockingjay dan naskah film untuk mendapatkan kalimat yang benar. Lalu, data di identifikasi dan diteliti berdasarkan karakteristik bahasa wanita yang di kemukakan oleh Robin Lakkof (1975). Di temuan menunjukan bahwa tidak semua tipe dari bahasa wanita di gunakan oleh karakter-karakter utama di film Mockingjay. Karakter wanita, Katniss Everdeen men...

This study is dedicated to my beloved parentswho support me to finish my thesis, teach me to do the hard work and encourage me to believe in myself. Also, to my sisters who always pray and encourage me to get success and honor. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah, all praises belong to Allah SWT for his mercies and blessing so that I can finish my thesis entitled Women Language Used by the Main Characters of Mockingjay Movie as the requirement for the degree of SarjanaSastra. Sholawat and Salam are delivered to the Prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided his follower to the new civilization of Islam. My first gratitude goes to my thesis advisor, Miss. RohmaniNur Indah who has patiently guided and helped me in writing this thesis. The next, I would like to thank all lecturers in English Language and Letters Department, especially for Mr. AinurRofiq for the help in triangulationdata, so that it gives me new insight to do the research, my friends:Nuris Sylvia, LailatusSa'adah, DitaIsnaini,AndikFutuSanjaya, and GilangJauhari who supported me in finishing my thesis.Also, for my teammate: Hilda, Riffa, Kiki, Cicit, Rima, Fatkhur, and Rizki who helped me in the progress of analyzing my research. Finally, as the human being, I cannot avoid making mistakes in writing the thesis. Therefore, I expect endless suggestion and construction for the better of this research to help the following researchers to conduct much better research in the same topic.

This is the second part of the two-part article on language assessment literacy-in terms of understanding and classroom practice-among teachers in schools in Goa, a state in the western part of India (see Kunnan et al., 2021 for the first part). This part focuses on a qualitative analysis of data from interviews/focus group discussions as well as classroom observations. In-depth interviews and classroom observations were carried out to get a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. The article describes the narrative views of teachers and what was observed in classrooms regarding their assessment knowledge and practices. What emerged was a clear picture of two scenarios, labelled as Scenario 1 and Scenario 2. These scenarios represented quite clearly two distinct portrayals of the role and practice of assessment. The first scenario was one in which assessment was not understood and practiced in a way that is meaningful and useful from the point of view of student learning. The second scenario described a situation where assessments were meaningful.

This is the first of a two-part article that addresses the concept of language assessment literacy-both in terms of understanding as well as in classroom practice-among language schoolteachers in Goa, a state in the western part of India. The study sought to understand the why, what, and how dimensions of language assessment as well as the dimension of social and institutional context in which teachers work. Using a mixed-method approach to understand the complexities of language assessment in practice in different school contexts, data was collected from a survey questionnaire of knowledge and skills/abilities of study participants and through a sample of teacher-made formative assessments. The findings were contradictory as teachers, in general, reported that they could design, develop, and administer classroom tests and assessments in the survey but on further examination of their own teacher-made tests, it was revealed that they were actually not able to carry out such activities.

Modern technologies have transformed the process of writing, reading, publishing and handling books into new platforms that are different from the ordinary processes that culturally we are familiar with. The use of digital technology provides readers with easily accessible tools and channels for communication and sharing information in relation to their reading habits, activities and preferences. So, it becomes essential for teachers and students to insert technology in their daily reading lessons as students are more engaged in technology-based lessons (Derene, 2013). The facility of e-reading, where the students can read on a hand held device, help students select text easily by just pressing a button, change the text fonts, watch animated videos, and sometimes read aloud with the device. However, this happens parallel to an advertising and data collection process involving publishing companies and booksellers. Present-day reading materials include print and digital texts, images, tables, diagrams, labels, and animations. The incorporation and combination of internet and information communication technologies with the concept of reading, of which the outcome has offered digital or electronic learning, has changed the concept of reading to a more progressive one that changes the view of the students to a more mature one. Although digital-based reading is no longer a special issue nowadays as all kinds of people, whether students or not are fond of it. It is still not easy to be a daily natural phenomenon due to the challenges readers may face as mentioned by Dalton and Proctor (2008, p. 298), that digital texts can be "nonlinear, multimodal with a heavy visual orientation, interactive, unbound in time and space, with murky conveyance of authorship and authority". All these challenges are related to the students that are not disabled and who are not suffering from any trouble in reading skills, not dyslexic. Students with special needs or what is called dyslexic students are those students who face difficulties in dealing with written words. Dyslexia, as Tejero et al. (2019) describe, is a developmental disorder often characterized by complications in learning and using reading skills, in spite of sufficient instruction, normal intelligence and intact overt sensory abilities. With more emphasis, Tejero et al. (2019) claim that compared to normal people, persons with dyslexia are slow readers and often make more reading errors, than a non-dyslexic person. Valas (1999) demonstrated that many dyslexic students feel helpless and they usually avoid reading more than their colleagues (Salonen et al., 1998). Notably, most dyslexic students develop negative attitudes towards reading (Mihandoost et al., 2010), as they are poor readers (Barton, 2000). On

We reviewed data collected during several studies concerning the genetic isolate of Carloforte (Sardinia, Italy) and analyzed new data on Y-chromosome markers. Carloforte is also a language island, where people still speaks Tabarchino, an archaic form of Ligurian dialect. Demographic data indicate that, in the early years of its history, Carloforte population was characterized by a high degree of endogamy and consanguinity rates that started to decrease around 1850, when marriages with Sardinian people began to occur more frequently. Cultural factors, mainly language, account for the high endogamy. Genetic data from classical markers, mtDNA and Ychromosome markers confirmed the strong isolation of Carloforte population, which appears significantly different from the neighboring population of Sardinia. Analysis of mtDNA emphasizes the crucial aspect of sampling strategy: two different samplings of the same population, one based on founder surnames, while the other based on grandparents' criterion, gave different results. Founder surnames sampling is not affected by recent events, and therefore better describes the ancestral population. Whereas, grandparents' criterion sampling gives a picture of the present population, shaped by more recent events, like migration and gene flow. This review further supports the notion that a comprehensive approach, including a detailed knowledge of the history of the population and the collection of different samplings, is essential in anthropology for reconstructing past and recent events that contributed to establish the present genetic structure of the population. Likewise, it is essential in medical genetics to identify genes involved in complex diseases. An ideal scenario is offered by a genetic isolate with a recent, and well documented, history, like Carloforte, which can be a paradigm for this type of investigations.

Language has big role in society life. It is a means to communicate each other. This research is related to language and gender which focuses on the women's language features. The differences between men and women especially on the women's features will be discussed based on Lakoff's theory (1975). Hence, the researcher decided to analyse women's language found in Mary Haines in The Women movie. This research aims to analyse the language features which found in Mary Haines in The Women movie. There are two research questions addressed, namely: 1) which features of women's language are found in Mary Haines in The Women movie script, and 2) what are the functions of each feature of Mary Haines' women language found in The Women movie. The researcher used Lakoff's theory (1975) to answer the first question and Pearson theory (1985) to answer the second question. This research employed qualitative data analysis to analyse the data. The sentences of Mary Haines in the script of The Women movie were the data of this research. The researcher used observation checklist to conduct the data to answer the first question. Meanwhile, the researcher used suitable books, journals, and articles to answer the second question. The findings of this research showed that there were eight features out of ten features of women's language features of Mary Haines in this transcription. Those eight features including lexical hedges (18.90%), tag questions (8.53%), rising intonation on declarative (39.02%), precise color terms (1.21%), intensifiers (7.92%), super polite forms (14.02%), avoidance of strong swear words (6.1%), and empathic stress (4.26%). The absent features are empty adjectives and hypercorrect grammar. The researcher also found five functions of women's language features. Those five functions are to get response, to express uncertainty, to soften utterances, to express feeling, and to start discussion. The researcher would like to recommend this research to English students, English teachers, and future researcher. Beside to give deeper understanding about women's language, this research also could give impact in communication skill and development. The readers could understand the strategy when to use the features.

It is commonly believed that women speak differently from men. They carry certain features which are distinctive in their speech (Lakoff, 2004). However, some women are found to speak differently from women's speech in general. This phenomenon is reflected in the use of language by Nicki Minaj, one of the judges of American Idol Season 12, whose speech stands out above the rest of the other women. The study investigates Nicki Minaj's comments in American Idol Season 12 in terms of women's language features. It focuses on two issues, namely how the language used by Nicki Minaj in American Idol Season 12 conforms to women's language features and what possible factors cause the absence of women's language features in Nicki Minaj's comments to the contestants of American Idol Season 12. To find answers to the two questions, document analysis is employed, in which seven videos of live performances taken from American Idol Season 12 are examined. Meanwhile, Lakoff's theory of women's language features is employed as the guidelines to analyse the data. The findings reveal that the features characterizing women's language which appear in Nicki Minaj's comments are intensifier, emphatic stress, filler, rising intonation, and lexical hedge. The remaining features do not appear in her speech; they are tag question, 'empty' adjective, precise colour term, 'hypercorrect' grammar, 'superpolite' form, and avoidance of strong swear words. The absence of these features can be accounted for by four possible factors. They are father's speech, ethnicity, community of practice, and different social psychological perceptions.

Article type: Research Article Persian is a Pro-Drop language and allows omission of subjective pronouns. In the present research the use of such pronouns in spoken and written varieties of standard Persian is compared to each other. The data of spoken Persian is gathered from HamBam Corpus of Contemporary Spoken Persian, interviews of oral history projects (Harvard and Artebox), and the talks of Iranian parliament (Majlis). The data for the written variety is gathered from the Persian Syntactic Dependency Treebank. Using corpus-based methods, the study showed that there is no prominent difference in using pronouns in the two varieties. It also indicated that more than half of the pronouns in the spoken Persian emerged as subject; whereas it is no more than one third in the written variety. This means that while talking, the speaker uses subjective pronouns mostly to underscore the subject. The results of this research might be useful for Persian word order studies, those of teaching Persian to non-Persians, and exploring discourse elements of spoken Persian.

This study aims at determining the women’s language features produced by Najwa Zebian in the podcast Stories of The Souls and its functions of women’s language. This research utilized a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data. Data were utterances produced by Najwa Zebian indicating women language’s features. The findings of this research revealed that Najwa did not use all of the women’s language features in the podcast Stories of The Soul. The study identified nine women’s language features occurred, such as lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions, rising intonation , hypercorrect grammar , intensifiers as the most dominant used by Najwa in the podcasts, super polite forms , empty adjectives , avoidance of strong swear words , and emphatic stress . However, the result did not give the occurrence of precise color terms. This study also found several functions of women’s language features. All of the functions are applied to the features in the podcast, including express...

This research focuses on women’s language features used by the three Indonesian female travel bloggers on blogspot.com and wordpress.com. It was aimed to investigate types of women’s language features used by the three Indonesian female travel bloggers and the most dominant types of women’s language features used by the three Indonesian female travel bloggers. This research was carried out using descriptive qualitative research. The data came from the script of 15 blog posts written by the three Indonesian female travel bloggers. The findings revealed that the three Indonesian female travel bloggers utilized nine types of women’s language features, they are lexical hedges or fillers, tag question, rising intonation on declaratives, empty adjectives, intensifiers, hypercorrect grammar, super polite forms, avoidance of strong swear words, and emphatic stress. The scripts of the three Indonesian female travel bloggers contain a total of 628 language features. During the analysis of the...

This research aimed to describe the linguistic features by male and female in students conversation ofgrade eleven students of SMA Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar. To find out the answer of the problem in thisresearch, the researcher uses the related theories, they are Lakoff (1975), Holmes (2010) and Meyerhoff(2006). The design of this research was descriptive qualitative research. The participants were the gradeeleven of SMA Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar. The researcher used two classes, where one class (26 students)and the other one (36 students) was as the control group. The instrument for collecting the data washandphone. The research‘s results showed that both male and female characters use language featuresproposed by Lakoff (1975), such as, empty adjectives, hedge, intensifier, hypercorrect grammar, superpolite form, tag question, and emphatic stress, even though the characteristics of color words andquestion intonation have not been found in the characters‘ utterances. The difference b...

The online learning mode has dramatically altered the manner of the way how communication is conducted in learning at higher education or schools for the past two years. It has led to a considerable change in how learning is carried out, transferring it from an offline to an online setting that permits long distance connection and communication. However, this has an effect on students’ engagement in class as many of them exhibit passive or unresponsive behavior in participating the online learning sessions. This qualitative study aims to explore the influencing factors affect students' willingness to participate in zoom sessions during online classes at English Department, Universitas Jambi. The data was gathered through the online classroom observations and interviews with the six EFL learners, and the data was then analyzed based on the theoretical built-themes of Willingness to Communicate (WTC). The finding reveals that 1) The demotivating factors influence EFL learners’ wil...

This study was aimed at analyzing the Women Language in Indonesia by three Television Talk Show with female hosts in a different context. There are Mata Najwa in politics, Marry Riana in Social, and Feni Rose Widyadhari, Rumpi in entertainment. The analysis is based on the utterances of female hosts , so all objects in this research are Women. The findings of this research show that there are 39 times of lexical hedges or fillers, tag questions 17 times, rising intonation on declarative 19 times, empty adjectives 6 times, intensifiers 26 times, hypercorrect grammar 13 times, super polite forms 3 times, avoidance of strong swear words only one, and emphatic stress 24 times occurs in 3 different talk shows. This study shows that women's language mostly used the kind of Lexical hedges or filler in the utterance to have a purpose in giving a sequence time to think what they will say next in the talk show.

The study entitled Women's Language Features on Utterances of Charlie's Angels Movie seeks to examine women's language features and the reasons of using the features by the three main women character. The data was taken from the utterances of the Charlie's Angels (2019) movie. The researchers used Lakoff's hypothesis to investigate women's language features. Lakoff (1975) suggested ten language features for women, but this analysis only found nine features in this movie, namely lexical hedges or fillers, intensifiers, tag question, emphatic stress, rising intonation on declaratives, avoidance of strong swear words, super polite forms, empty adjectives, and hypercorrect grammar. The findings indicated that intensifiers appeared to be the most prominent attribute utilized among the three main women’s characters in the movie (45.4%), and the least feature is the tag question (1.81%). Regarding the reasons for using Women's Language Features as the most frequ...

This research analyzes the women language features in giving public speeches in RECODE World’s Technology Conferences. The writer used Lakoff’s on Holmes (2013) theory to analyze the data. The writer applies descriptive qualitative method by Creswell (2014). Data for this reseach is women utterance during conference. Basen on theory by Lakoff, the author discover six women language features.The result of this research shown that there are six women language feature that appear, there are lexical hedges, intensifier, superpolite form, avoidance strong swear, empty adjective, and emphatic stress. Keyword: sociolinguistics, gender language, women language features.

У статті розглянуто підходи до тлумачення терміна “сленг” у вітчизняній та англомовній (британській і американській) лінгвістиці. Зіставлення низки дефініцій дозволило виокремити п’ять загальних характеристик, на яких ґрунтується визначення онтології сленгу. Простежено і систематизовано родо-видові відношення сленгу зі спорідненими поняттями. / The article examines approaches to the definition of term "slang" in Ukrainian and English linguistics. Comparative analysis of numerous definitions enabled the delimitation of five general characteristics upon which linguists rely while exploring the nature of slang. Hierarchical relationships between slang and cognate notions were also investigated and systematized.

Many factors can affect the way people communicate. One of them is gender. Compared to the men, women tend to use many language variations. Understanding the language variation used by women is important, so that its language function. In this research, the writers analyze the women's language features used by female characters in "Hidden Figures" movie script written by A. Schroeder and T. Melfi together with its functions. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The research's results show that female characters in "Hidden Figures" movie use 28% lexical hedges (28 expressions), 2% tag question (2 expressions), 4% rising intonation on declaratives (4 expressions), 3% empty adjective (3 expressions), 36% intensifiers (35 expression), 1% hypercorrect grammar (1 expression), 17% superpolite forms (17 expressions), 4% avoidance of strong swear word (4 expressions), and 5% emphatic stress (5 expressions). Intensifier features is the most dominant in women language features realized in "Hidden Figures" movie script. Whereas the function of the language used by women here are referential functions, emotive functions and conative functions.

This journal investigated the feature of female language in the Novel entitled Love Rosie. There are two objectives of this research; 1) to identify the type of feature female language used by the main character in the novel Love Rosie and 2) to describe which female language feature supports the communication style. The type of research was qualitative descriptive because the data were analyzed and described in the form of words and sentences. The data were taken from the conversations that is uttered by the main character of Love Rosie the novel. The conversation in the novel was taken out as the primary data. The theory used in this research is the sociolinguistics analysis using Robin Lakoff's theory of female language feature and supported by Deborah Tannen's theory of communication styles in women's conversation. The result of the research, the researcher found that the features of female language found in the novel Love Rosie there are eight types, super polite fo...

In this paper we describe the current state of the ARAP project on Arabic Author Profiling for Cyber-Security funded by the Qatar National Research Fund via the Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar. The project focuses on determining whether a suspicious message is actually a potential threat and, in that case, aims at profiling its author. The contribution of the project lies in the lack of research of this type for Arabic.

Whilst universities across the global community had adopted new digital learning standards prior to COVID-19, the radical effect of quarantines and social distancing on remote learning needs has fundamentally altered the structure of modern English as a second language (ESL) education in higher education institutions. The current investigation critically explores the educational paradigm from a perspective of content dissemination, learning best practices, and knowledge acquisition in Hong Kong colleges and universities. Through a critical review of the literature surrounding digital learning challenges and opportunities, evidence revealed an overlapping proposition of adaptation and discipline which many students lacked prior to the COVID-19 interruption. By comparing the perspectives of 1062 students across ESL programmes taking English for academic purposes (EAP) and English for specific purposes (ESP) courses within several Hong Kong institutions, this study has confirmed the potential advantages of digital learning solutions including time management, self-paced learning, and knowledge engagement. Students were surveyed using a digital, structured questionnaire to capture a robust representation of experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and their effects on student learning outcomes. Through quantitative analysis, student feedback has confirmed several developmental challenges related to skills gaps, personal discipline, environmental forces, and student learning expectations. Based upon these findings, a revised protocol for digital citizenship has been proposed which focuses on core principles of self-accountability and discipline that evolve out of proactive, motivated learning objectives that link students to their digital identity and role. Ultimately, these observations indicate a need for future assessment of the competing motivations shaping student engagement in digital learning services and traditional classroom offerings as the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions are lifted and the educational industry evolves towards its new normal.

Illocutionary speech act is one of the studies in sociolinguistics. This research discusses the illocutionary speech act in perspective gender. This research aims to find illocutionary speech acts used by both women and men in Hidden Figures movie and to find women's language features both women and men utterances in Hidden Figures film. The theories are by Searle and Lakkof. This research uses qualitative and descriptive methods. The data source is from the Hidden Figures movie was released in 2017. The data was analyzed in the movie transcript. The finding of this research states that there are two classifications of the illocutionary speech act used un the Hiden Figures movie. They are directive and expressive. Furthermore, there are women's speech features in women and men's utterances in the Hidden Figure film.

The study briefly analyzes the ELT situation in India which is replete with challenges emerging from the lack of engagement with the phenomenon of digitality that further shapes the existing nature of learning and the needs of the learner. After locating the position of English Language in the new education policy of India, the paper discusses the General English (GE) courses offered at undergraduate level at the city of Bangalore in India, thereby shedding light on the existing gaps between policy and practice. It is based on this conjecture that the paper suggests the possibility of introducing rhetorical practices in GE courses at undergraduate levels in various institutions in urban India. In order to substantiate this suggestion, the results of a survey conducted with the learners (N=359) of a GE course based on rhetorics at a Southern Indian university is provided. Empirical data along with a brief reflection on the learners' voices are used in the study to examine the efficacy of the structure, administration and evaluation practices of this new course. The study thus opens up possibilities of initiating a discourse around the mode in which English language education and teaching is envisioned, formulated and implemented in undergraduate programs across urban India.

Adisatya, Sania (2021). Women's language features used by Lara Jean in movie to all the boys I've loved before P.S I still love you. Yogyakarta: English Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. Language is a symbol of interaction with other people. Men and women use different language features when they communicate with each other. The way that men and women talk is varied. Therefore, the researcher wants to analyze the characteristic of the female language utilized by Lara Jean in the movie to all the boys I've loved before P.S I Still love you.

This paper charts the state of the language situation that exists in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has been known as a monolingual country since its independence in 1971, Bangla (or Bengali) being its only national and official language. Therefore, multilingualism has not been a political issue in Bangladesh, though a situation beyond the monolingualism can be observed in the language situation of Bangladesh, if the three different scenes— a) distribution of regional varieties of Bangla, b) distribution of languages of minority speech communities, and c) trend of foreign language use in different social settings— are taken into consideration.

We reviewed data collected during several studies concerning the genetic isolate of Carloforte (Sardinia, Italy) and analyzed new data on Y-chromosome markers. Carloforte is also a language island, where people still speaks Tabarchino, an archaic form of Ligurian dialect. Demographic data indicate that, in the early years of its history, Carloforte population was characterized by a high degree of endogamy and consanguinity rates that started to decrease around 1850, when marriages with Sardinian people began to occur more frequently. Cultural factors, mainly language, account for the high endogamy. Genetic data from classical markers, mtDNA and Ychromosome markers confirmed the strong isolation of Carloforte population, which appears significantly different from the neighboring population of Sardinia. Analysis of mtDNA emphasizes the crucial aspect of sampling strategy: two different samplings of the same population, one based on founder surnames, while the other based on grandparents' criterion, gave different results. Founder surnames sampling is not affected by recent events, and therefore better describes the ancestral population. Whereas, grandparents' criterion sampling gives a picture of the present population, shaped by more recent events, like migration and gene flow. This review further supports the notion that a comprehensive approach, including a detailed knowledge of the history of the population and the collection of different samplings, is essential in anthropology for reconstructing past and recent events that contributed to establish the present genetic structure of the population. Likewise, it is essential in medical genetics to identify genes involved in complex diseases. An ideal scenario is offered by a genetic isolate with a recent, and well documented, history, like Carloforte, which can be a paradigm for this type of investigations.

We reviewed data collected during several studies concerning the genetic isolate of Carloforte (Sardinia, Italy) and analyzed new data on Y-chromosome markers. Carloforte is also a language island, where people still speaks Tabarchino, an archaic form of Ligurian dialect. Demographic data indicate that, in the early years of its history, Carloforte population was characterized by a high degree of endogamy and consanguinity rates that started to decrease around 1850, when marriages with Sardinian people began to occur more frequently. Cultural factors, mainly language, account for the high endogamy. Genetic data from classical markers, mtDNA and Ychromosome markers confirmed the strong isolation of Carloforte population, which appears significantly different from the neighboring population of Sardinia. Analysis of mtDNA emphasizes the crucial aspect of sampling strategy: two different samplings of the same population, one based on founder surnames, while the other based on grandparents' criterion, gave different results. Founder surnames sampling is not affected by recent events, and therefore better describes the ancestral population. Whereas, grandparents' criterion sampling gives a picture of the present population, shaped by more recent events, like migration and gene flow. This review further supports the notion that a comprehensive approach, including a detailed knowledge of the history of the population and the collection of different samplings, is essential in anthropology for reconstructing past and recent events that contributed to establish the present genetic structure of the population. Likewise, it is essential in medical genetics to identify genes involved in complex diseases. An ideal scenario is offered by a genetic isolate with a recent, and well documented, history, like Carloforte, which can be a paradigm for this type of investigations.

The concomitant presence and usage of two varieties of German, namely Swiss German and Standard German, is characteristic for German-speaking Switzerland. This linguistic situation is mirrored in the region’s hospitals or, more strictly speaking, in their staff‘s communication. This study aims to examine the awareness of the usage of the two varieties in hospitals in German-speaking Switzerland, taking into account both authochthonous and allochthonous employees. The questions formulated to find out are as follows: Which variety is used when, according to which criteria, by authochthonous versus allochthonous employees? What subjective reasons are given for the choice of one variety over the other? To answer these questions, data was collected with the help of an online questionnaire and six guideline-based, in-depth interviews. The results show four different selection criteria (addressee, situation, objective, and region) for using one or the other variety. Moreover, the reasons g...

Illocutionary speech act is one of the studies in sociolinguistics. This research discusses the illocutionary speech act in perspective gender. This research aims to find illocutionary speech acts used by both women and men in Hidden Figures movie and to find women's language features both women and men utterances in Hidden Figures film. The theories are by Searle and Lakkof. This research uses qualitative and descriptive methods. The data source is from the Hidden Figures movie was released in 2017. The data was analyzed in the movie transcript. The finding of this research states that there are two classifications of the illocutionary speech act used un the Hiden Figures movie. They are directive and expressive. Furthermore, there are women's speech features in women and men's utterances in the Hidden Figure film.

Illocutionary speech act is one of the studies in sociolinguistics. This research discusses the illocutionary speech act in perspective gender. This research aims to find illocutionary speech acts used by both women and men in Hidden Figures movie and to find women's language features both women and men utterances in Hidden Figures film. The theories are by Searle and Lakkof. This research uses qualitative and descriptive methods. The data source is from the Hidden Figures movie was released in 2017. The data was analyzed in the movie transcript. The finding of this research states that there are two classifications of the illocutionary speech act used un the Hiden Figures movie. They are directive and expressive. Furthermore, there are women's speech features in women and men's utterances in the Hidden Figure film.

The notion of Malaysian English in relation to the concepts of standard English and language standardization is explored. An overview of the development of varieties of English spoken in Malaysia is discussed and the factors involved in language standardization such as the role of codifying agents in regulating the use of Malaysian English, the status of Malaysian English as a" New English", the need for a standardized variety of Malaysian English and the linguistic complexity of Malaysian English are ...

Biel/Bienne is a bilingual (French and German), or rather multilingual (due to immigration) city in the Canton of Berne, Switzerland. Furthermore, because of the use of Swiss German dialects and Swiss Standard German, a diglossic situation can also be observed. This article presents some first results of a current study focusing on how the, often monolingual, French-speaking apprentices deal with this polyglottal situation and aims at revealing apprentices’ language acquisition and the development of their competences during their apprenticeship. In Switzerland apprenticeships are carried out on behalf of a dual system. This means, that the apprentices usually spend one to two days at school doing vocational training and the rest of the week at their place of work. With the exception of language classes, schooling is usually solely carried out in French. However, the apprentices are exposed to multilingual and diglossic environments at their workplace. Consequently, the apprentices ...

Global Education begins with raising an awareness of global challenges, creating an in-depth understanding of what the challenges entail with the goal of changing people’s thoughts and attitudes, encouraging them to live out their lives to the fullest and play their special parts effectively. To this end, in order to enhance these goals, communication is crucial especially being that it entails making use of an acceptable and intelligible language variety. How can Global Education attain its goals if it does not begin to prescribe and describe for itself, a Global variety of the English language developed just for instructional purpose in the delivery of Global Education? This paper therefore proposes a move towards the prescription and description of a mutually intelligible variety of the English language, to be used just for Global Education. This proposal is born out of our experience during our first collaboration with three other Universities in taking the course ‘Global Englis...

All in all diglossia is a situation in which two or more languages (or varieties of the same language) in a speech community are allocated to different social functions and contexts. For example English and Malay were in a diglossic relationship. We can say the different varieties of languages are appropriate for different communicative settings. Sometimes it may get problems like miscommunication and misunderstanding for speakers who are not familiar with the various of language use. Many different English varieties which are called world Englishes. Malaysian English is being one of world Englishes.

Given the large Hispanic population in the United States, Spanish is the second most spoken language in that country. Many of these speakers may require or simply enjoy texts in Spanish, which is why the U.S. Spanish market is a potential job opportunity for translation experts. However, the only difficulty for most translators from puristic schools may lie in the language variety they may have to use in the target texts. Surrounded by a mainly English-speaking environment, the enormous population of English-Spanish bilinguals in the United States may have given rise to their own variety of Spanish, with heavy use of anglicized structures and lexical items. Therefore, qualified translators should also be aware of the pecularities of this new language variety in order to meet the expectations of their target audience (Hurtado Albir, 2001). To probe into these characteristics, we conducted a survey among 52 English-Spanish bilinguals from all across the United States. Their answers showed several deviations from "pure" Spanish, which was of considerable value when determining the extent to which U.S. Spanish is being shaped by American English. It is essential, then, that translators incur in the use of the tendencies found in this study for the purposes of idiomaticity in this unique language variety.

A research entitled An Analysis of Women's Language Variety in HeForShe Conversation with Emma Watson on International Women's Day 2015 aims to analyse women's language features in Emma Watson's utterances in HeForShe Conversation with Emma Watson on International Women's Day 2015 based on Lakoff's theory as cited in Holmes (2013). This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method, while the data were all Emma Watson's utterances taken from the transcription of HeForShe Conversation with Emma Watson on International Women's Day 2015. The result of the research shows 550 occurrences of nine out of ten of women's language features in Emma Watson's utterances in HeForShe Conversation with Emma Watson on International Women's Day 2015, and one feature is not found in this research. Lexical hedges/fillers are used most frequently by Emma Watson with 335 occurrences, followed by 119 occurrences of intensifiers, 60 hypercorrect grammar, 37 rising intonations, 30 emphatic stress, 6 avoidance of strong swear words, 5 super-polite forms, 2 empty adjectives, and 1 tag question. Meanwhile, precise colour term is not found in this research. The result of the research shows that most of women's language features found in Emma Watson's utterances used to emphasise her statements in order to avoid not being taken seriously by the audiences.