Language Culture and Society

Domestic violence against women (DVAW) has received much attention from scholars across disciplines, leading to a circumvention of studies on domestic violence against men (DVAM). This paper, therefore, engages in a qualitative dialogic analysis of readers’ comments on cases of DVAM reported in select blogs in order to elicit opposing gendered stances on DVAM in the selected readers’ comments; interpret the linguistic resources and interactional practices used in projecting the identified opposing stances; and explicate on the implications of the gendered stances on cases of DVAM in Nigeria. The data comprises 248 readers’ comments on cases of DVAM culled from the archives of Bella Naija and Linda Ikeji’s blogs. The two blogs constantly report on domestic issues. Haddington’s (2004) Stance taking model is adapted as the analytical framework. The study portrays opposing gender-based stances on DVAM in Nigeria in order to construe gendered perspectives on the phenomenon and to portray...

The article is an attempt to extend knowledge on the translation-and culture-related factors determining the translatability of Polish culture-bound items into German. It was analysed whether and under what circumstances culture-bound items typical of Polish peasant culture are translatable into German without losing their source connotations and relation to the source culture. The analysis encompassed 96 Polish culture-bound items excerpted from Chłopi by Władysław Stanisław Reymont and their equivalents excerpted from its German translation Die Bauern by Jean Paul d'Ardeschah. It was assumed that the culture-bound items could be successfully rendered into German by employing the strategy of cultural translation, which involves applying specific translation techniques. The study undertook qualitative analysis of techniques employed by the translator in his rendition of culture-bound items. The analysis also concerned the equivalence of connotations established using German elements. It was ascertained that the strategy of cultural translation made it possible to achieve a high level of translatability of Polish peasant culture. Its applicability in the translation process was determined by the translator's initial aim and the intensity of transfer between the source and the target culture.

The life and works of the scientist philosopher Farabi have been researched from various sources. The studies he has done, the theses he has written, the contents of his works, his thoughts, his inventions, his interpretations, his articles and his idiomatic words have been emphasized. Chapter 1 The study began by first examining his works and creating a mental image of the scientist philosopher Farabi. I created him in my mind with multiple draft pictures I drew and painted. His thoughts, his use of his mind, his work, his speed of thought, the designs he created, his language, what he wanted to say, what he wanted to do, the light in his eyes, the contribution of the mess in his hair to his thought, his colours, his love of humanity, his love of nature, his access to the happiness of being a part of nature, his clothing, his simplicity, his desire to leave works and thoughts for the future with his works and thoughts, I created and visualized him in my mind. I wanted to analyse a scientist and philosopher in my mind. Chapter 2 Includes information on the branches of science he worked on, linguistics, the importance of grammar and logic, concepts, formation in nature, structure in humans, non-gravity in thought, the requirements of a good life for humans, the language of music, and defining his access to happiness. Chapter 3 Focuses on the books and theses written by the philosopher, the numbers of which have survived to the present day. Chapter 4 In order to examine the philosopher Farabi, the examination and examination of the scientific branches he was interested in were emphasized. The logic of the course of science and the system is very important, easy access ways, reason, dream, fiction, analysis, synthesis, resolution, questioning, determination, desires, permissions for happiness, love, honesty, state order, family order and human values in general are explained. Chapter 5 The Contribution and Effect of His Works on Science is tried to be explained with his own words. Farabi is, first and foremost, an individual, a thinker, a researcher, a philosopher and a scientist who questions the interaction of all sciences, nature and humanity.

In teaching a foreign language (FL), some cultural specificities (defined under the rubric of 'little-c culture') may totally conflict with the cultural norms of the learners' first language (L1). To prevent such imminent problems, this paper recommended that the FL syllabus be designed in a way so as to equip learners with an intimate knowledge of the target language culture, and that language teachers should develop consciousness toward learners' cultural fragility and explicitly make full use of a culturally relevant FL pedagogy in a procedural, technical fashion which we shall refer to as Culturally-adaptive English Language Pedagogy (CELP). Such a syllabus would help learners not only to welcome the legitimacy of differences between the two cultures, but also to make their own cultural values and practices more explicit, enfranchising learners the decision on what aspects of cultural practices they want to embrace. We address three questions of what (the characterization of CELP), why (the significance of CELP) and how (the implementation of CELP) in the peculiar EFL context of Iran.

This paper critically reviews studies that have interpretively invoked communication accommodation theory (CAT) for the study of patient-provider interaction. CAT's sociolinguistic strategies-approximation, interpretability, interpersonal control, discourse management, and emotional expression-are succinctly introduced and their use in studies of patient-provider interaction discussed. The major findings of this analytical review are five-fold: (1) Both parties have problems approximating each other; (2) Both parties attempt to account for the other's knowledge and disposition; (3) A struggle for control is evident, mainly from the provider's side of the interaction; (4) Providers are better managers of discourse than patients; and (5) How or when providers express emotions has been the primary research focus, and not those of patients. This narrative review of the literature concludes that CAT is a productive approach to understanding linguistic as well as sociopsychological aspects of patient-provider health interactions. Noting providers' and patients' communicative behaviors, accounting for underlying motives and motivations, and attending to the sociolinguistic strategies guiding their behaviors may shed further light on the darker side of patient-provider interaction.

This paper critically reviews studies that have interpretively invoked communication accommodation theory (CAT) for the study of patient-provider interaction. CAT's sociolinguistic strategies-approximation, interpretability, interpersonal control, discourse management, and emotional expression-are succinctly introduced and their use in studies of patient-provider interaction discussed. The major findings of this analytical review are five-fold: (1) Both parties have problems approximating each other; (2) Both parties attempt to account for the other's knowledge and disposition; (3) A struggle for control is evident, mainly from the provider's side of the interaction; (4) Providers are better managers of discourse than patients; and (5) How or when providers express emotions has been the primary research focus, and not those of patients. This narrative review of the literature concludes that CAT is a productive approach to understanding linguistic as well as sociopsychological aspects of patient-provider health interactions. Noting providers' and patients' communicative behaviors, accounting for underlying motives and motivations, and attending to the sociolinguistic strategies guiding their behaviors may shed further light on the darker side of patient-provider interaction.

Farabi, who is called ‘Alpharabius’ in the Western world and ‘muallim-i sani or haja-i sani’ among
Islamic intellectuals, is one of the most important thinkers of medieval Islamic philosophy. Farabi is
the second founder of the Peripatetic movement, which is considered to be the founder of Kindi and
which expresses the rational/Aristotelian tendency in Islamic philosophy. Farabi’s works have had a
central importance in the re-understanding of Aristotelian thought through commentaries and have
provided a rich philosophical background for later thinkers. Farabi, who constituted the first link in the
chain of reconciling rationalism with Islam and reconciling religion with philosophy/science, advanced
in a Neoplatonist line and was instrumental in introducing Islamic philosophy first and then Western
philosophy to Hellenistic knowledge through his commentaries on Aristotle. First of all, Farabi’s
views on the concepts of philosophy, religion and science will be discussed in the article, and then the
content of civil sciences such as sociology, politics, law, which he detailed in his work ‘Ihsa’u’l-Ulum’
(Classifications of Sciences), which is the fifth field of science, and their importance for humanity will
be discussed. . According to Farabi, a state that comes together for the highest happiness and helps
each other and is in solidarity in matters that will lead to this goal is a virtuous state. A virtuous state
is only possible with a virtuous presidency. In this context, Farabi’s approach to the concepts of virtue
and justice, which he attributes a vital importance in the process of the constructions of civilization,
will be analyzed. The article was handled with an interpretive approach by adopting document analysis
technique from qualitative research methods, and in this context, both primary and secondary sources
were used.

Key Words: Farabi, Islamic philosophy, rationalism, classification of sciences, civil sciences.

In this article, we argue that the way decoloniality is invoked in sociolinguistics runs the risk of becoming a buzzword that is sometimes deployed with inadequate attention to how its conceptual and political premises need to be critically contextualized. We propose three interconnected challenges that critical applied/sociolinguists would need to address more seriously in order to avoid the depoliticization of the discussions around language and (de)coloniality: (1) the insistence on an incommensurable non-western alterity outside modernity; (2) the production of new binaries despite trying to undermine them; and (3) the decontextualization of the studied phenomena from on-the-ground situations in highly complex circumstances. We claim, on the one hand, that ‘Northern’ appropriation of decoloniality can offer self-deluding comfort that one is engaging in a politics of emancipation, yet all that is taking place is a form of withdrawal from the messiness of contemporary politics. On the other hand, this depoliticized decoloniality is also instrumentalized in the Global South to romanticize indigeneity/minorities and exploit them for insidious political purposes, generating recursive internal differentiations and inequality.

The article considers the most frequent sentence structures of Bulgarian proverbial parallels to Russian proverbs included into G. L. Permyakov's paremiological minimum. The aim of the study is to classify the syntactic structures of the Bulgarian proverbs in comparison with the structures of the English proverbial parallels. The research has been based on the findings of a paremiological sociolinguistic experiment conducted by Professor M. Yu. Kotova of St. Petersburg State University and her paremiological group that resulted into series of publications titled "Tetradi Paremiographa" ("Handbooks of a Paremiographer"). The relevance of studying sentence structures is due to the fact that the coverage of grammatical issues, i.e. the analysis and description of the logical and syntactic structures of proverbs, is not paid sufficient attention in many languages.

This article deals with a comparative analysis of phraseological and paroemiological units with the component coloronym black / Schwarz, черный, кара in German, Russian, and Tatar. We have analyzed 85 phraseological units and paroemias in German, 50 in Russian, and 99 in Tatar, extracted by a continuous selection from etymological, lexical, and phraseological dictionaries. The paper exposes similarities and differences in the perception of the coloronyms black / Schwarz, черный, кара by representatives of different cultures. As a result of the analysis, we have found eight symbolic meanings of the coloronyms, which coincide in all three languages. The explication of the meanings ‘bad, evil, insidious, malicious, dishonest, untruthful’ is of high frequency in German, Russian, and Tatar. The second and third places are occupied by symbolic meanings ‘unhappy, unsuccessful, sad; heavy, difficult’ and ‘shameful’, respectively. In the linguistic world-image, the three symbolic meanings of...

The relationship between Islamic values and foreign languages in the school environment offers a relatively good example of the challenging aspects of Islamic identity formation amongst the students. Via focused group interviews, this study aimed to explore the teachers' perceptions with regard to the influence of English language learning and the environment in the process of Islamic self-identity formation among religious secondary school students in Terengganu, Malaysia. The study employed a qualitative approach in which 15 religious secondary school teachers in the Terengganu State of Malaysia were selected using purposive sampling technique. The study found that the school environment is influential in the process of Islamic self-identity formation among the students, and English language learning does not have a negative influence on the process. Instead, certain virtues, such as respect, self-confidence, diligence, and decency are inculcated in the students' self-identity during the English language teaching and learning process. Teachers and educational administrators should put more effort toward the best educational provisions for the students' religious identity through exposure to the values of self-identity beyond the scope of textbooks.

This qualitative study analyzes the reasons of college students for learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Costa Rica and the reasons of high school students for learning German as a foreign language (GFL) in the US. It asks to what extent the learners’ reasons align with or deviate from neoliberal discourses that commodify foreign languages. The analysis of 27 interviews in a US high school and 17 interviews in a Costa Rican university revealed how language and context mattered: GFL learners used German for identity building and connecting to their heritage, whereas EFL learners felt pressure to learn English in order to survive on the competitive job market. The GFL learners’ ability to deviate from neoliberal language learning motivations is interpreted as a privilege that derives from their linguistic and social status. The authors call for a common effort to broaden the spectrum of FL learning motivations for the benefit of more successful and more equitable language l...

The present study explored the demotivating and re-motivating factors from the point of view of MA students at Wollega University. The study employed mixed method, and the quantitative data were gathered from 161 students, and to gather the qualitative data, six students were interviewed. SPSS 16 was employed to analyse the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analysed using NVivo. An explanatory factor analysis was conducted to revalidate the questionnaire and to explore the sampling adequacy and factorability of the items. Based on the result, nine demotivating factors were retained. As the result of independent t-tests revealed, there were no significant differences between male and female students and government and self-sponsor students regarding the demotivating factors. However, the one-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference across respondents' year of study for most of the factors except instructors' characteristics and administrative decisions. The interviews were analysed to explore the possible re-motivating factors. Three major sub-themes (curriculum revision, improving facilities and improving administrative decisions) were emerged. It was concluded that curriculum decision is the most prevalent problem for MA in TEFL students. To solve this problem, the researchers recommended the need for MA in TEFL curriculum.

The generation gap is the disagreement between one generation and another over beliefs, policies, or values. The difference between the generations is a social reality and must be examined from different angles. In this study, we examined young readers' comprehension along with the purpose of contributing to our understanding of the inventory, as well as the range of the semantic roles reproduced in the immediate oral recalls. The comprehension of an expository 200-word Russian text read by 22 Russian natives, aged nearly 10-11 years, was assessed with free recall. The revealed pattern of the inventory of the semantic roles both in the reading text and its recalls comprised two types, including main propositions and sub-propositions, the latter of which fell into agents, circumstances, and modifiers. The recalls matched the reading text in the inventory of the semantic roles defined. On the whole, the study indicated that respondents reproduce no more than 40% of the propositions in the reading text.

The generation gap is the disagreement between one generation and another over beliefs, policies, or values. The difference between the generations is a social reality and must be examined from different angles. In this study, we examined young readers’ comprehension along with the purpose of contributing to our understanding of the inventory, as well as the range of the semantic roles reproduced in the immediate oral recalls. The comprehension of an expository 200-word Russian text read by 22 Russian natives, aged nearly 10-11 years, was assessed with free recall. The revealed pattern of the inventory of the semantic roles both in the reading text and its recalls comprised two types, including main propositions and sub-propositions, the latter of which fell into agents, circumstances, and modifiers. The recalls matched the reading text in the inventory of the semantic roles defined. On the whole, the study indicated that respondents reproduce no more than 40% of the propositions in...

To express their thoughts in Russian, students should have language resources in their active vocabulary, the consolidation of which in memory is advisable based on the skills of their native language. The most important role in teaching students a non-native language is played by transfer, which is one of the central categories of psychology. Russian and Chinese mentalities have different, sometimes opposite features, which make it difficult for Chinese students to learn Russian. The phenomenon of transfer occurs and exists during language contact regardless of the will and desire of bilinguals. As a result of the transfer phenomenon, interference and its cause are that certain areas in the linguistic picture of the world are preserved, to which the proverb and phraseology belong. The authors believe that proverbs should be attributed to the category of fixed expressions of the language and studied from the standpoint of general, particular, and comparative phraseology.

The various and multifaceted wars in the Middle East have brought about weird complications in the already challenging multifarious international relations and interactions. The media coverage of terroristic threats in the Middle East and the European countries as well as United States has often targeted Muslim identity. The present study is aimed at analyzing Barack Obama's speech at Baltimore Islamic center which was meant to transform such constructed worldviews about the Muslims by making an attempt to redefine the Muslim identity according to special key identity-bearing terms such as peace and Americanism. Using van Leeuwen's (2007) framework, this study attempts to discuss identity construction as a further analytical lens to van Leeuwen's approach. According to Foucault's (2009) notion of biopower and Greenblatt's (1980) idea of improvisation, it was concluded that Obama struggles to redefine Muslim identity in order to gain control of the society and man...

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses are designed to meet the language needs of learners in specific professional contexts. In recent years, the possibility to integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools into ESP teaching has attracted the attention of researchers and practitioners in the field of language teaching who have investigated their potential to enhance learning outcomes and address the diverse needs of learners. This paper provides an overview of the potential benefits and challenges associated with the integration of AI tools in ESP pedagogy and explores some AI tools with the purpose of offering practical examples of how AI technology might be exploited in the ESP practice and to what results.

This article intended to illustrate a profile of the role and impact of English in magazine print advertising in Iran, by examining the quantitative results obtained from discourse analysis. Three issues of Khanevadeh Sabz and two issues of Zendegi Ideal were collected and a total of 261 advertisements were analyzed. Results indicated that English has consistently been utilized in Persian magazine advertisements, representing attention$getting, per suasion, international brands, prestige, modernity, globalization, premium quality, fun, innovation and creativity. However, using English in Persian magazine advertisements is culturally and linguistically constrained. Culturally, in advertising traditional products English is only employed to introduce the name and e$mail address. Linguistical ly, although some English written slogans in Persian magazines had puns in them; the English used in Persian magazine advertisements mostly consists of easy$to$read voca bulary. Overall, in spite ...

This article deals with a comparative analysis of phraseological and paroemiological units with the component coloronym black / Schwarz, черный, кара in German, Russian, and Tatar. We have analyzed 85 phraseological units and paroemias in German, 50 in Russian, and 99 in Tatar, extracted by a continuous selection from etymological, lexical, and phraseological dictionaries. The paper exposes similarities and differences in the perception of the coloronyms black / Schwarz, черный, кара by representatives of different cultures. As a result of the analysis, we have found eight symbolic meanings of the coloronyms, which coincide in all three languages. The explication of the meanings ‘bad, evil, insidious, malicious, dishonest, untruthful’ is of high frequency in German, Russian, and Tatar. The second and third places are occupied by symbolic meanings ‘unhappy, unsuccessful, sad; heavy, difficult’ and ‘shameful’, respectively. In the linguistic world-image, the three symbolic meanings of...

The present study sought to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising tasks on the Iranian Turkish EFL learners' use of complaint strategies. To this end, a total of 40 Turkish EFL learners of low-intermediate level participated in the study. Following Takimoto (2009), complaint strategies were taught to the experimental group through consciousness raising tasks in four phases. The control group was exposed to the same authentic input as the experimental group, but they did not receive any consciousness raising tasks. The participants were requested to answer a WDCT consisting of 15 complaint situations as pretest and post-test. The data were analyzed and coded based on Trosborg's (1995) classification of complaint strategies. The results revealed that the differences between the experimental and control groups with respect to employing some complaint strategies including indirect accusation, requesting/ ordering, expression of annoyance or disapproval, total accusatio...

In the field of Arabic sociolinguistics, diglossia has been an interesting linguistic inquiry since it was first discussed by Ferguson in 1959. Since then, diglossia has been discussed, expanded, and revisited by Badawi (1973), Hudson (2002), and Albirini (2016) among others. While the discussion of the Arabic diglossic situation highlights the existence of two separate codes (High and Low), Auer’s (2005) model acknowledged the significance of intermediate and exoglossic forms. The comparison of the two models shows that Ferguson’s defining features of diglossia were essential to the understanding of the Arabic sociolinguistics situation; nevertheless, they may not reflect the overlap between the two codes and the insertion of exoglossic forms as it is happening in daily communication among speakers of Arabic. Based on the data from Al-Jazeera network along with two complementary studies and in light of discourse markers in Arabic, this paper shows how Auer’s (2005) model fits the c...

The importance of demotivation in language learning has been overshadowed in the commonplace research on language learning motivation and even in mainstream psychology (Dörnyei, 2005). The purpose behind conducting this study was to investigate the relationship between students' demotives for studying in general and English language in particular. Besides, the importance of educational context was investigated through explaining the changes in students' responses based on the type of university and gender. In Iran, university education is highly important for youngsters and the type of university with their various contexts is determining for their future. There are popular state universities among which one technical university as well as its satellite campus were selected. Besides, a distance-education and a unisexual university were represented in the present sample, overall comprising 194 bachelor students of different majors. Consequently, the factors considered as demotives are ranked, elaborated on and analyzed in order to shed light on the educational context-specific demotives and the pros and cons of current practices of EFL instruction in the universities.

A poem, story, or play, while expressing the inner states of the author, in many cases, reflect the state of culture and society where the poet or writer has lived in and been influenced by. The study of the lexical-semantic groups of vocabulary concerning the diachronic aspect is a promising direction in exploring the evolution of ideas about different areas of reality. The most important concepts with which human life has an inextricable link are representations of light and darkness. The paper will present the analysis of light in philosophical, worldview, lingual, and linguistic relations. The end of an era, the development of scientific thinking, and changes in the perception of the world image with respect to religious and secular aspects determine the formation of the system of meanings of the word “light”. It should be noted that the study has foremost used the method of conceptual analysis of one of the critical concepts of culture. © 2021 IJSCL. All rights reserved. 1 Prof...

A poem, story, or play, while expressing the inner states of the author, in many cases, reflect the state of culture and society where the poet or writer has lived in and been influenced by. The study of the lexical-semantic groups of vocabulary concerning the diachronic aspect is a promising direction in exploring the evolution of ideas about different areas of reality. The most important concepts with which human life has an inextricable link are representations of light and darkness. The paper will present the analysis of light in philosophical, worldview, lingual, and linguistic relations. The end of an era, the development of scientific thinking, and changes in the perception of the world image with respect to religious and secular aspects determine the formation of the system of meanings of the word "light". It should be noted that the study has foremost used the method of conceptual analysis of one of the critical concepts of culture.

There is attempt to identify the Turkic-Muslim specifics of knowledge in this article. The genetic method allows us to distinguish unified continuous discourse of science. Abu Nasr al-Farabi was a Turkic thinker, the founder of Arabic-speaking peripatetism. Al-Farabi was born in South Kazakhstan. He lived in the 9th and 10th centuries. There are scientific works in which ideas of al-Farabi were compared with views of Kazakh thinker, enlightener Abai Kunanbaev (1845-1904). Ismail Gasprinsky (1851-1914) was a Crimean Tatar educator, the founder of Jadidism. He mentioned al-Farabi in his writings. Comparative analysis of spiritual heritage of three Turkic thinkers was conducted. Intercultural dialogue was revealed in Al-Farabi's legacy. The intercultural dialogue between East and West, Turkic spirituality, Islam and the ancient heritage of Greek philosophers (Plato, Aristotle and etc.) contributed to the formation of Turkic-Muslim model of scientific knowledge, containing a complete, comprehensive understanding of the universe, society and man. Abai Kunanbaev and Ismail Gasprinsky represented a man and the universe in an inseparable unity. Both of them saw a way to improve society through intercultural dialogue and interaction between East and West. Modern global ecological, socio-cultural and political problems cause new cognitive approaches. One of the new cognitive approaches can be the scientific discourse presented in this article. The presented discourse declares an inextricable connection, a priori fusion of theory and practice, science and education.

የጥናቱ ዋና ዓላማ በኹለተኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ቤቶች መማሪያ ክፍል ውስጥ የአማርኛ ቋንቋ መምህራን የማሳያ እና የማጣቀሻ ጥያቄዎችን አጠቃቀምና ግንዛቤ መመርመር ነው፡፡ ጥናቱ በዓይነታዊ ዘዴ፣ የንጥል ጥናት ንድፍን ተጠቅሟል:: በሳንቃ እና ሐራ ኹለተኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ቤቶች የሚያስተምሩ አምስት የአስረኛ ክፍል የአማርኛ ቋንቋ መምህራን በጠቅላይ ንሞና ዘዴ ተመርጠው በጥናቱ ተተኳሪ ተደርገዋል፡፡ መምህራኑ ከሚያስተምሩባቸው 24 የአስረኛ ክፍሎች መካከል የአምስት ክፍል ምድብ ተማሪዎች በቀላል እጣ ንሞና ዘዴ ተመርጠው፣ የጥናቱ ዋና መረጃ እያንዳንዱ መምህራን ባስተማሩባቸው አምስት ክፍሎች፣ ለዐራት ክፍለጊዜያት በድምጽ ቀረጻ (Audio recording) ተሰብስቧል፡፡ በተጨማሪም ለመምህራኑ ቃለመጠይቅ ተደርጓል፡፡ በጥናቱ ግኝት መሠረት የአማርኛ ቋንቋ መምህራን በክፍል ውስጥ ከጠየቋቸው 385 ጥያቄዎች መካከል 340ዎቹ (88.31%) የማሳያ ጥያቄዎች ሲሆኑ፣ 45ቱ (11.69%) ደግሞ የማጣቀሻ ጥያቄዎች ሆነዋል፡፡ በዚህም የመምህራኑ የማሳያ ጥያቄዎችን መጠቀም፣ ከማጣቀሻ ጥያቄዎች መጠቀም በ76.62% ብልጫ እንዳለው አሳይቷል። ይህም በአጠቃላይ የማሳያ ጥያቄዎች፣ የማጣቀሻ ጥያቄዎችን 7.56 ጊዜ ያህል እጥፍ በጥቅም ላይ ውለዋል፡፡ በመሆኑም የጥናቱ ውጤት የአማርኛ ቋንቋ መምህራን በክፍል ውስጥ ከማጣቀሻ ጥያቄዎች ይልቅ የማሳያ ጥያቄዎችን ይበልጥ ይጠቀማሉ ወይም ይጠይቃሉ ወደሚል መደምደሚያ አድርሷል፡፡ ከቃለመጠይቅ በተገኘው መረጃ መሠረት መምህራን በክፍል ውስጥ በሚጠይቋቸው ጥያቄዎች ላይ ያላቸው ግንዛቤ፣ የዕውቀት ክፍተት ያለበትና ዝቅተኛ ሆኖ ተገኝቷል። ስለሆነም ግንዛቤያቸው ተጨማሪ የግንዛቤ ደረጃን የሚፈልግ ነው የሚል መደምደሚያ ላይ ተደርሷል። ይህ ጥናት በእነዚህ ግኝቶችና ድምዳሜዎች ላይ በመመሥረት በክፍል ውስጥ የአማርኛ ቋንቋ መምህራን ጥያቄዎች አጠቃቀም ላይ የተለያዩ አንድምታዎችንና ምክረሐሳቦችን አቅርቧል፡፡

It is obvious that proverbs have their roots in the cultures of any society. Russian proverbs and sayings show a foreigner the traditions, customs, and way of thinking of the Russian people. In the current study, by monitoring posts on social networks and using passive observations of the speech process of native speakers, the communicative situations in which paremias were regularly resorted to were identified. The authors provide a review of the existing research in this area and conclude that it is necessary to conduct an additional experiment in order to obtain the most objective results. The choice of primary material for the questionnaire is explained, and preliminary results of a comparison of various sources of paremias are presented. Examples of formulations of questions proposed to informants are given that make it possible to identify not only the fact of recognition of paremias, but also their understanding. Eventually, further ways of research development are presented....

This article intended to illustrate a profile of the role and impact of English in magazine print advertising in Iran, by examining the quantitative results obtained from discourse analysis. Three issues of Khanevadeh Sabz and two issues of Zendegi Ideal were collected and a total of 261 advertisements were analyzed. Results indicated that English has consistently been utilized in Persian magazine advertisements, representing attention-getting, persuasion, international brands, prestige, modernity, globalization, premium quality, fun, innovation and creativity. However, using English in Persian magazine advertisements is culturally and linguistically constrained. Culturally, in advertising traditional products English is only employed to introduce the name and e-mail address. Linguistically, although some English written slogans in Persian magazines had puns in them; the English used in Persian magazine advertisements mostly consists of easy-to-read vocabulary. Overall, in spite of the public's generally low proficiency in English, it is predicted that English mixing will continue to thrive in magazine advertising discourse in Iran.

This article intended to illustrate a profile of the role and impact of English in magazine print advertising in Iran, by examining the quantitative results obtained from discourse analysis. Three issues of Khanevadeh Sabz and two issues of Zendegi Ideal were collected and a total of 261 advertisements were analyzed. Results indicated that English has consistently been utilized in Persian magazine advertisements, representing attention$getting, per suasion, international brands, prestige, modernity, globalization, premium quality, fun, innovation and creativity. However, using English in Persian magazine advertisements is culturally and linguistically constrained. Culturally, in advertising traditional products English is only employed to introduce the name and e$mail address. Linguistical ly, although some English written slogans in Persian magazines had puns in them; the English used in Persian magazine advertisements mostly consists of easy$to$read voca bulary. Overall, in spite ...

The purpose of this study was to analyze selected Wolaita proverbs for their reflection of prejudiced negative images of femininity. The subjects used for the current study were 20 theme-relevant proverbs collected by interviewing systematically selected 12 elders and conducting participantbased observation. The qualitative research design was used to conduct this study. The result indicated that, Wolaita proverbs draw negatively prejudiced images of femininity in overall system of human communication. Such prejudiced and negatively drawn images of femininity include femininity as a symbol of incapability, lack of power to protect self, and sources of danger and problems. Based on these findings, awareness creation trainings should be given to demotivate the use of proverbs having negative images of femininity, Walaita speaking families should encourage their children to use proverbs that reflect gender equality, and the society, at large, should totally avoid the outdated negative ...

This paper combines corpus processing tools to investigate the cultural elements of Saudi education of English as a foreign language (EFL) textbooks. The latest Saudi EFL textbooks (2016 onwards) are available in researchable PDF formats. This helps process them through corpus search software tools. The method adopted is based on analysing 20 cultural topics (nodes),

This paper combines corpus processing tools to investigate the cultural elements of Saudi education of English as a foreign language (EFL) textbooks. The latest Saudi EFL textbooks (2016 onwards) are available in researchable PDF formats. This helps process them through corpus search software tools. The method adopted is based on analysing 20 cultural topics (nodes),

Given the importance of complimenting and responding to compliments in everyday interactions, several studies have investigated the strategies used to compliment and also to respond to compliments. This systematic study offers a thorough review of research on Compliment Responses (CRs) in the Persian language conducted over the past three decades. It outlines the theoretical frameworks, the categorization schemes used, and the main findings of the reviewed studies. The bibliographical search on this area yielded a database of 35 studies on Persian CRs for this systematic review. We provide a synthesis of the research conducted in this area, the theoretical frameworks, and the methodologies used in different studies, including data analysis and data collection procedures. We then scrutinize the studies conducted on compliment response patterns in Persian, addressing similarities and differences and any emerging trends. Based on the review of the existing literature, recommendations are provided with guidelines and directions for future research in this area.

The way people perform a speech act differs across cultures. People from different cultures may have different perceptions of similar social factors and interpret them differentially. These differences can lead to cross-cultural miscommunications when language users perform a given speech act such as request. Based on the request analysis categories introduced by Blum-Kulka et al. (1989b) and Schauer (2009), the present study examined Iranian EFL learners' deviations in utilizing internal and external modifications from native speakers' norms and explored how Bloom-based instruction can contribute to the acquisition of internal and external modifications. To this end, a researcher-developed Written Discourse Completion Task (WDCT) was utilized to collect data from 61 participants: a. treatment group (20), b. control group (23), and c. native speakers (18). The data were categorized based on a framework adapted from Blum-Kulka et al. (1989b) and Schauer's (2009) coding sc...

The purpose of this study was to determine if Bloom-based Interlanguage Pragmatics (ILP) instruction could enhance EFL learners' use of the speech act of request. Based on their OQPT scores, 43 students were assigned to a control group (n=23) and a treatment group (n=20). A written discourse completion task (WDCT) was developed to measure participants' use of the speech act of request before and after the intervention. The results pointed to a significant difference between the performance of the treatment group in which Bloom-based treatment supported by Vygotskian scaffolding was employed and the control group which received no explicit ILP instruction. The treatment group also yielded significant gains from the pretest to posttest and to delayed posttest, while no significant improvement was observed in the performance of the control group. In-depth examination of the participants' WDCT performance indicated that the four pragmatics factors (correct use of speech acts, type of expressions, amount of information, and degree of politeness) measured in this study, improved significantly, but differentially, from the pretest to delayed posttest. Comparison of the pretest and posttest data suggested that the component of degree of politeness enjoyed the highest degree of gain followed by amount of information, correct use of speech acts and type of expression. Keywords Bloom's taxonomy. Zone of proximal development. Interlanguage pragmatics. Speech act of request

The media are not neutral, common-sense[d], or rational mediator of social events, but essentially help reproduce preformulated ideologies (van Dijk, 1988, p.11). Adopting the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach, the present study focused on the headlines and lead paragraphs of a corpus of twenty news reports released by ten well-established western newspapers and examined the coverage of Iran sanction imposition by western printed media. Working within the ideological framework of news production and reception (van Dijk, 1988, p. 248), this study further explored the western press coverage of Iran sanctions to demonstrate how the arguments made by western newspapers via heads and leads were encoded in ideologically biased discursive patterns (e.g. lexical and grammatical choices, intertextual choices and ideological us versus them binary opposition) in an attempt to justify and legitimize the so-called "international move" against Iran (van Dijk, 1988, p. 248, as cited in Sheyholislami, 2001, pp. 3-4). Interestingly, the findings suggested that there were strong ideological proclivity and orientation in the western newspapers' reports of the event.

The purpose of this study was to determine if Bloom-based Interlanguage Pragmatics (ILP) instruction could enhance EFL learners' use of the speech act of request. Based on their OQPT scores, 43 students were assigned to a control group (n=23) and a treatment group (n=20). A written discourse completion task (WDCT) was developed to measure participants' use of the speech act of request before and after the intervention. The results pointed to a significant difference between the performance of the treatment group in which Bloom-based treatment supported by Vygotskian scaffolding was employed and the control group which received no explicit ILP instruction. The treatment group also yielded significant gains from the pretest to posttest and to delayed posttest, while no significant improvement was observed in the performance of the control group. In-depth examination of the participants' WDCT performance indicated that the four pragmatics factors (correct use of speech acts, type of expressions, amount of information, and degree of politeness) measured in this study, improved significantly, but differentially, from the pretest to delayed posttest. Comparison of the pretest and posttest data suggested that the component of degree of politeness enjoyed the highest degree of gain followed by amount of information, correct use of speech acts and type of expression. Keywords Bloom's taxonomy. Zone of proximal development. Interlanguage pragmatics. Speech act of request

In 2010, the Ministry of Education of one of the most diverse provinces in Canada initiated the implementation of a support program for newcomer students to facilitate their academic, linguistic, social, and cultural adaptation in French speaking schools. This longitudinal multiple case study will document how immigrant parents support their children's learning, and create a home environment conducive to learning and cultural development. It will be shown that although parents in this study made it very clear that their primary priority was their children's success, some of them simply did not have the social, cultural or linguistic tools to help foster this desire into reality. Moreover, parents' active involvement with the implementation of the new curriculum was affected by their own understandings of the notion of culture; the status of the French language in the province where the research took place; and the preservation of their families' heritage cultures and languages.

In this paper we set out to accomplish several goals. Primarily, we seek to re-interpret Guy Debord's (1967) work The Society of the Spectacle in light of modern-day schooling, principally within North America (although we recognize the global connectivity inherent in any current discussion of formal education). In addition, we aim to utilize Debord's conceptualizations as a series of means and mechanisms by and through which to examine (1) various threats posed against the ideals of publicly supported schools and (2) modes of resistance, particularly what we term "dangerous citizenship," via which committed advocates might challenge the possible consequences of such threats, consequences including disciplinarity/ deterrence, anti-democracy, oppression, anti-collectivity, and inauthenticity.

Corruption is a global phenomenon. Many states have embarked on several crusades to fight the menace, with little to show for these efforts. Using a critical analysis ofliterature, media reports and press releases, this articleassesses the anti-corruption crusade of President Muhammadu Buhari's administration, 2015-2019. The article argues that in spite of the strategies and panoply of laws employed by the administration to tackle the menace, the crusade has to a large extent failed because the crusade is waged along ethnic and particularly party lines. The article recommends among other things the need for transparency in the crusade, building institutions, revival of social norms, political will,and respect of the rule of law.

The article deals with the phraseological system of Russian in the context of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The object of attention is the technology of mastering idiomatic units by foreign students in the framework of preparatory faculties. Many methodologists believe that preparatory faculties do not prepare students for the perception and understanding of phraseological units. In the framework of this work, the methodology for presenting phraseological units to foreign students is analyzed in a number of textbooks on Russian as a foreign language.

This paper was concerned with the analysis of the spoken language of teenagers, taken from a newly developed specialized corpus, the British and Taiwanese Teenage Intercultural Communication Corpus (BATTICC). More specifically, the study employed a discourse analytical approach to examine vague language in an intercultural context among a group of British and Taiwanese adolescents, paying particular attention to the three categories of vague expressions: (a) vague categories, (b) approximations and (c) hedging. Initial quantitative analysis was employed to inform further qualitative analysis to identify the pragmatic functions of each type of vague langue. The different uses of vague expressions between Taiwanese and British participants were also presented in detail. The research findings demonstrated the pedagogical merit of the analyses of naturally-occurring discourse, and thus help in the design of English courses for adolescent intercultural interaction.

The present study tried to offer a methodology to analyze Arabic language grammatical elements in the Tatar language poetry of the 19th century. It defined adaptation mechanisms of the borrowed grammatical elements within grammatical aspects and presents Arabism absorption peculiarities at the grammatical level. A set of existing basic research methods was effectively used in terms of the issue under study: descriptive method, comparative-historical methods, partial and continuous sampling techniques, unit systematization by denotative classes, as well as component, contextual, and etymological analyses. The examination proved that Arabic and Persian conjunctions were mainly applied for stylistic purposes in the 19 th-century poetry, which allowed poets to avoid numerous repetitions of the same form. It has been established that conjunctions in poetic texts were employed in not only meanings and functions typical for Arabic and Persian languages, but they were also transferred into other parts of speech; in other words, the phenomenon of conversion is observed.

The Hindi grammatical tradition is one of the least studied areas of the grammatical tradition. However, it is one of the most important and interesting areas for understanding the development of the Hindi language in general and its phonology, e.g. sound system and lexis in particular. In this talk, I will briefly introduce the Hindi grammatical tradition and then discuss the manuscript of François-Marie de Tours' Grammatica Linguae Indianae (1704). I will also show how some grammatical features of modern Hindi, which are usually considered strange, especially in spoken Hindi, can be explained through 17th-century Hindi. And finally, if time permits, I will present some arguments on the question of Hindustānī vs. Urdū vs. Hindī.

I state disquiet as I start this text. First, I write on coloniality of knowledge as an outsider from postcolonial studies. Second, in the social sciences research centre where I work, decolonial thinking is prominent but tends to consider language and discourse research minor, opaque and technical, as if immersed in "a cult of the binary arborescent system of hierarchy and command" (Deleuze & Parnet, 2004: 46-47) that needs undoing by poetics and art as radical language transformative activity. I am in a room next door. Third, my contribution in this new English medium language journal is valued by internalized rules of global publishing policies: I am too aware of the risk of reproducing the colonial hierarchical circulation of knowledge harshly criticized and rightly denounced by Cusicanqui. Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui's text challenges language, discourse, culture and society researchers to un-think their discourses and practices under the light of internal and external colonialism. Drawing on my personal experience as a southern European white female language researcher, I identify at least four points of coloniality: academic habitus; institutional research identities; methodological, language and discourse ontologies; and modes of knowledge production and distribution. I discuss each of these, in turn. My academic habitus is torn between co-existing regimes of coloniality. As an educated speaker of Portuguese, I am positioned by discourses based on symbolic spaces inspired by a monolingual colonial myth that celebrates Portugal in the centre of an imagined south Atlantic lusophone world since the 16th century, now turned into profitable capital mainly due to Brazilian emergent world economy. In addition, postgraduate training in British institutions has positioned me as a qualified yet peripheral Southern European researcher, a "non-native English speaker and writer" in the field of English language and sociolinguistics. This field is locally configured in a southern European higher education institution that

English translations of texts associated with Arabic fiction remain largely unexplored from a sociological perspective. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's sociology, this paper aims to examine the genesis of Arabic fiction translation into English as a socially situated activity. Works of Arabic fiction emerged in English translation in the early twentieth century. Since then, this intellectual field of activity has gone through three distinct, though overlapping, phases that have affected its structure, capital at stake, agents involved, modes of production, and the volume of activity. This paper also aims to argue for a fourth phase which could be referred to as 'post 9/11 phase' and will investigate its agents and dynamics. The field of Arabic fiction translation into English was subjected to both internal and external factors which formed and conditioned its structure and dynamics. In contrast to the linear understanding of the history of Arabic fiction translation, Bourdieu's sociological concepts of field and capital will be used as analytical tools to both describe and interpret the translation activity in this field.