Folk Linguistic Perceptions

Esta pesquisa apresenta análises sobre avaliação linguistica no português europeu madeirense, através de corpora (entrevistas sociolinguísticas selecionadas a partir da amostra Funchal do CORPORAPOT e Corpus Sociolinguístico do Funchal (CSF)) e de questionários no âmbito de trabalhos de investigação realizados por Andrade (2014), Rodrigues (2018) e Nunes (2019). Foram selecionadas para um exame mais detalhado, duas variáveis sociolinguísticas, objeto de estudos anteriores focados na produção linguística: a realização anafórica de OD (variantes não padrão - ele, lhe e realização nula - e variante padrão, com clítico o) e as construções existenciais (variante não padrão - com ter - e variante padrão - com haver). O objetivo central é contribuir para o conhecimento mais aprofundado da sociedade insular, amplamente heterogênea do ponto de vista sociodemográfico e linguístico. Pretende-se, ainda, refletir sobre a possível influência dos significados sociais dos usos linguísticos e d...

De twee voornaamste nationale variëteiten van het Nederlands zijn Nederlands Nederlands en Belgisch Nederlands (gesproken in Vlaanderen). Het linguïstische standaardisatieproces kende een verschillend verloop in de twee regio's. Terwijl Nederland onafhankelijk een standaard variant van het Nederlands ontwikkelde, werd het standaardisatieproces van het Belgisch Nederlands opgehouden door de invloed van het Frans. Wanneer Vlaanderen het standaardisatieproces hervatte, werd convergentie met de (gevestigde) Nederlands-Nederlandse norm bevorderd met het oog op een uniform Standaardnederlands (Geeraerts, 2003). Om de convergentie tussen de twee nationale variëteiten te meten vergelijken we de woordkeuze voor emotie-, ICT-en verkeersconcepten. Deze studie vormt zo een vervolgstudie van Geeraerts et al. (1999van Geeraerts et al. ( ), waarin uniforimteitsgraden voor voetbal-en kledingtermen in 1950van Geeraerts et al. ( , 1970van Geeraerts et al. ( en 1990 werden bestudeerd. werden bestudeerd.

De twee voornaamste nationale variëteiten van het Nederlands zijn Nederlands Nederlands en Belgisch Nederlands (gesproken in Vlaanderen). Het linguïstische standaardisatieproces kende een verschillend verloop in de twee regio's. Terwijl Nederland onafhankelijk een standaard variant van het Nederlands ontwikkelde, werd het standaardisatieproces van het Belgisch Nederlands opgehouden door de invloed van het Frans. Wanneer Vlaanderen het standaardisatieproces hervatte, werd convergentie met de (gevestigde) Nederlands-Nederlandse norm bevorderd met het oog op een uniform Standaardnederlands (Geeraerts, 2003). Om de convergentie tussen de twee nationale variëteiten te meten vergelijken we de woordkeuze voor emotie-, ICT-en verkeersconcepten. Deze studie vormt zo een vervolgstudie van Geeraerts et al. (1999van Geeraerts et al. ( ), waarin uniforimteitsgraden voor voetbal-en kledingtermen in 1950van Geeraerts et al. ( , 1970van Geeraerts et al. ( en 1990 werden bestudeerd. werden bestudeerd.

Day care centers in Zamboanga City in western Mindanao, Philippines use the home language as a medium of communication as they carry out daily lessons for young children through songs, stories, games, and various social activities. Workers at the study's day care site disclosed that the pandemic has significantly impacted language use among children in the community in favor of English. Internet connection and access to popular programs, particularly YouTube, have provided very young children easy access to English. As guardians and parents were forced to work from home at the height of the pandemic, the home became an extension of work, with most homes having a space for work using a laptop, a tablet, a cellphone, or other similar gadgets. It is within this setup that children who were born between 2019 and 2020, who grew up within the lockdown period imposed by the deadly spread of COVID-19, and attended day care for the first time when they were around three to four years of age were observed to speak in English. Data from an experimental task where 3-4-year-old children were asked to describe animals using target language forms in Chabacano reveal that young Zamboangueño children spoke English most of the time. Excerpts from the data demonstrate how children generally spoke in English even while the task was delivered primarily in Chabacano. Demographic data and linguistic background of both the children and adults as provided by the parents or guardians of these children through a questionnaire help explain this phenomenon in greater detail. A closer look at the data reveals translanguaging at work among these multilingual children.

Objetivamos  com  esta  pesquisa  analisar  a  variedade  dialetal  de  Roraima  sob  a  ótica  dos  próprios  residentes  da  região.  Para  isso,  este  estudo  coletou  algumas  postagens  da  página  de  Instagram  South  BV  City,  em  que  se  manifestam  evidências  societais,  que  são  pistas  linguísticas  apontadas  pelos  seguidores  como  caracterizadoras  do  falar  roraimense,  bem  como  suas  reações  subjetivas sobre a existência (ou não) de um sotaque da região. Evidências societais é um conceito proposto por Garret, Coupland e Williams (2003), que significa os metadiscursos realizados por não especialistas  acerca  de  usos  linguísticos.  Os  resultados  mostram  que  (1)  os  roraimenses  possuem  sotaque e isso fica saliente quando os referidos moradores entram em contato com outras variedades dialetais; (2) em vários comentários, o dialeto de Roraima é apontado como derivado de outro dialeto ou da mistura entre outras variedades, o que converge para a história e constituição populacional de Roraima; e (3) os usuários avaliam que o falar roraimense se aproxima muito dos falares nordestino e nortista, e se distancia muito dos falares do Sul e do Sudeste.

Despite its cultural diversity, Turkey remains a notable gap in the research map of folk linguistics and perceptual dialectology. This paper presents the results of a pilot study on the perception of dialectal variation conducted in Istanbul using the draw-a-map method. The proclamations of great dialectal diversity in Turkey notwith-standing, only a small minority of the respondents admitted to using a dialect themselves. Nonetheless, certain sociodemographic variables have been found to correlate with the selection of certain cities on the map. The discussion examines the potential linguistic and sociological factors influencing the responses, as well as the perception of dialectal variation in general. It emphasises the interplay between exposure, knowledge, and cultural diversity, and touches on the sociolinguistic context in Turkey.

Türkiye’nin kültürel çeşitliliğine rağmen, halk dilbilimi ve algısal diyalektoloji araştırma haritasında dikkate değer bir boşluk olarak kalmaktadır. Bu makale, İstanbul’da gerçekleştirilen ve çizim harita yöntemi kullanılan diyalektal varyasyon algısı üzerine bir pilot çalışmanın sonuçlarını sunmaktadır. Türkiye’deki büyük diyalektal çeşitlilik iddialarına rağmen, katılımcıların yalnızca küçük bir azınlığı kendilerinin bir diyalekt kullandığını kabul etmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bazı sosyodemografik değişkenlerin haritada belirli şehirlerin seçilmesiyle ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Tartışma, yanıtları etkileyen olası dilbilimsel ve sosyolojik faktörleri, ayrıca genel olarak diyalektal varyasyon algısını incelemektedir. Maruz kalma, bilgi ve kültürel çeşitlilik arasındaki etkileşime vurgu yapmakta ve Türkiye’deki sosyodilbilimsel bağlama değinmektedir.

Os estudantes em mobilidade na Universidade de Aveiro cursam pelo menos uma disciplina de Português como Língua Estrangeira durante o período de intercâmbio. Mesmo que a variedade ensinada seja a variedade europeia, esses alunos têm contato com outras variedades do português. Este trabalho investigou quais são as atitudes e percepções linguísticas desses alunos em relação a variedade brasileira e europeia. Para que isso fosse possível, elaboramos um teste de atitude e percepção linguística, com base na teoria variacionista, e aplicamos através da plataforma Google Forms. Os níveis linguísticos mais suscetíveis à avaliação dos estudantes foram o fonológico, lexical e monitoramento estilístico (grau de formalidade).  As expressões avaliativas associadas mais frequentemente à variedade brasileira foram “mais fácil”, “mais clara” e “mais suave” e as expressões mais frequentemente associadas à variedade europeia foram “mais difícil”, “menos clara” e “mais formal”. Além disso, os estudant...

Understanding language variations opens a wider perspective to language enthusiasts in boosting sociolinguistic awareness as regards to the different ways of using the language in different language contexts. It provides people from different geographical locations of Blaan to understand the language and its use. The study aimed to describe the linguistic variations of Blaan language in the four (4) sociolinguistic contexts of Blaan in Soccsksargen Region, Mindanao, Philippines such as Sarangani Blaan (SBL) of Sarangani Province, Koronadal Blaan (KBL) of South Cotabato Province, Columbio Blaan (CBL) of Sultan Kudarat Province, and Tulunan Blaan (TBL) of Cotabato Province in terms of phonological variations, morphological variations, semantic variations, and syntactic variations. Labov’s (1966) variationist sociolinguistic framework was employed in describing the linguistic variations of Blaan which was qualitative in nature. The study was participated by purposively selected sixteen...

This paper shows that in the domain of valency, creole languages show a substantial amount of constructional calquing from their substrates. In all four construction types considered (ditransitive constructions, weather constructions, experiencer constructions, and motion constructions), one can demonstrate recurrent matches between substrate and creole structures (contrasting with lexifier structures) in different regions of the world and with different substrates.

Esta pesquisa apresenta análises sobre avaliação linguistica no português europeu madeirense, através de corpora (entrevistas sociolinguísticas selecionadas a partir da amostra Funchal do CORPORAPOT e Corpus Sociolinguístico do Funchal (CSF)) e de questionários no âmbito de trabalhos de investigação realizados por Andrade (2014), Rodrigues (2018) e Nunes (2019). Foram selecionadas para um exame mais detalhado, duas variáveis sociolinguísticas, objeto de estudos anteriores focados na produção linguística: a realização anafórica de OD (variantes não padrão - ele, lhe e realização nula - e variante padrão, com clítico o) e as construções existenciais (variante não padrão - com ter - e variante padrão - com haver). O objetivo central é contribuir para o conhecimento mais aprofundado da sociedade insular, amplamente heterogênea do ponto de vista sociodemográfico e linguístico. Pretende-se, ainda, refletir sobre a possível influência dos significados sociais dos usos linguísticos e d...

This study investigated on the most used languages of Filipino youth in the family domain of language used and investigated on the relationship of gender and ethnicity towards language use. A total of fifty-three individuals participated in the study who were aged between 15-24 and they were of different ethnicities. To gather the needed data for the study, a self-administered questionnaire was developed which was divided into two sections: (1) the first section of the instrument sought the necessary information as regards to the participants' demographic profile which basically included the age, gender, and ethnicity; and, (2) the second section was composed of the twelve (12) different social events in the family domain to determine the language choice and its frequency of use in each of the social event. To analyze the data, SPSS software was used. describe the profile of the respondents and to determine the relationship of the variables. The study considered five under investigation languages, namely English, Tagalog, Chavacano, Bisaya, and Tausug. According to the results of the study, Tagalog was the most used language in the family domain of language use. Furthermore, in the family domain, both gender and ethnicity played no significant role in determining that language choice of Filipino individuals.

This paper aims at mapping out and analyzing language variation and the underlying social structures of adolescents in a part of the province North Brabant, The Netherlands. It presents the findings of a study that was conducted in 2010 at two Dutch high schools, in a large college in the town of Uden and in a much smaller school in the peripheral village of Mill. Twelve video recordings were made of Brabantish boys and girls aged 15 and 16, who were having spontaneous conversations in their spare time at school. Additionally a written survey was made of social and cultural characteristics. We sketched profiles of our 38 informants, consisting of features such as locality, ethnicity, language use, language attitude, cultural behavior, and political opinion. We could form only one cluster of three informants that shared relating characteristics. Diversity and variability seems to reach such a degree that stereotypes are not or hardly applicable.

Esta pesquisa apresenta análises sobre avaliação linguistica no português europeu madeirense, através de corpora (entrevistas sociolinguísticas selecionadas a partir da amostra Funchal do CORPORAPOT e Corpus Sociolinguístico do Funchal (CSF)) e de questionários no âmbito de trabalhos de investigação realizados por Andrade (2014), Rodrigues (2018) e Nunes (2019). Foram selecionadas para um exame mais detalhado, duas variáveis sociolinguísticas, objeto de estudos anteriores focados na produção linguística: a realização anafórica de OD (variantes não padrão - ele, lhe e realização nula - e variante padrão, com clítico o) e as construções existenciais (variante não padrão - com ter - e variante padrão - com haver). O objetivo central é contribuir para o conhecimento mais aprofundado da sociedade insular, amplamente heterogênea do ponto de vista sociodemográfico e linguístico. Pretende-se, ainda, refletir sobre a possível influência dos significados sociais dos usos linguísticos e d...

This study provides the first account of the perceptual dialectology of the Chabacano creoles, focusing on the three varieties spoken in Cavite City, Ternate, and Zamboanga, Philippines. It examines Chabacano speakers’ metalinguistic awareness and attitudes about each other’s varieties based on qualitative analysis of sociolinguistic interviews, interviews from a perceptual map task, and an online survey. The results show that the speakers consider the three varieties to be separate but mutually intelligible languages, differing mainly in terms of lexical and phonological differences. These linguistic differences are attributed to each variety’s perceived closeness to Spanish or the adstrate Philippine languages. The responses also show that local and traditional identities are important in shaping perceptions about language use. These findings contribute to research on language attitudes and ideologies in the Chabacano-speaking communities, and more generally, demonstrate the poten...

Esta pesquisa apresenta análises sobre avaliação linguistica no português europeu madeirense, através de corpora (entrevistas sociolinguísticas selecionadas a partir da amostra Funchal do CORPORAPOT e Corpus Sociolinguístico do Funchal (CSF)) e de questionários no âmbito de trabalhos de investigação realizados por Andrade (2014), Rodrigues (2018) e Nunes (2019). Foram selecionadas para um exame mais detalhado, duas variáveis sociolinguísticas, objeto de estudos anteriores focados na produção linguística: a realização anafórica de OD (variantes não padrão - ele, lhe e realização nula - e variante padrão, com clítico o) e as construções existenciais (variante não padrão - com ter - e variante padrão - com haver). O objetivo central é contribuir para o conhecimento mais aprofundado da sociedade insular, amplamente heterogênea do ponto de vista sociodemográfico e linguístico. Pretende-se, ainda, refletir sobre a possível influência dos significados sociais dos usos linguísticos e dos mecanismos subjacentes a esta inter-relação, de modo a melhor perceber se estamos perante uma comunidade de fala madeirense ou de uma pluralidade de comunidades de fala locais, geográfica e socialmente situadas na ilha da Madeira. Os resultados mostram, por um lado, que os falantes madeirenses têm consciência da diversidade linguística existente no território insular e do seu significado social, e, por outro, existe uma tendência à correlação entre variáveis sociolinguísticas e variáveis sociais (idade e nível de escolaridade dos participantes) que deverá ser levada em conta nos futuros trabalhos de investigação.

Studies in the use of second person pronouns with respect to the addressee are typically associated with the expression of politeness, formality, solidarity, and social distance. No study has ever been conducted yet relative to the expression of emotion. To add to the growing body of literature in sociolinguistics, this study investigated the undocumented role of the Zamboanga Chavacano second person singular (2SG) pronouns in expressing mood and other kinds of social behavior (i.e., interactive social distance, familiarity, formality, and politeness) with respect to the addressees' social status. Mixed methods were employed in this study. Data used for this study included naturally occurring data, direct observation of everyday interaction, and survey responses from 106 Chavacano speakers. This study revealed overwhelming linguistic phenomena relative to social behavior and social status. The choice of 2SG exhibits typical mood, familiarity, politeness, respect, and formality. The intrusion of non-Chavacano pronoun in the pronominal system is also evident. The pronoun shift or alteration is caused by anger or annoyance, as well as interactive social distance.

The position of Standard Dutch and tussentaal in Flanders: the opinions of adolescents from Tielt
In this paper, the results of a perceptions and attitudes study in the West-Flemish town Tielt are reported. Twenty teenagers were subjected to an interview, to gain insight in the way they evaluate intralingual language variation in Flanders and how they judge on the situational appropriateness of this variation. These interviews were analysed by means of a qualitative discourse-based approach. The results show that Standard Dutch is still the superior variety to these teenagers (even though they are not that competent in it), and it is pre-eminently appropriate for more formal situations, which points to the existence of a standard language ideology. At the same time, Standard Dutch is considered an ideal which is hardly ever achieved, and a variety which is unsuitable for everyday informal situations. Tussentaal (lit. ‘in-between language’), on the other hand, is the adolescents’ default language, and is appropriate for everyday situations.

DIALECT The word dialect comes from the Ancient Greek dialektos " discourse, language, dialect, " which is derived from dialegesthai " to discourse, talk. " A dialect really means a variety of speech that differs somewhat from another variety of speech of that same language. It could differ in grammar. It could differ in phonology or pronunciation. It could differ in vocabulary. It could differ in all of those maybe. Sometimes, those dialects are based in different regions. They are regional varieties of a language. Sometimes they are ethnic varieties of a language. For example, maybe there are two ethnic groups living in a city. But historically, they have lived separate and not really interacted with each other because of racism or whatever. And they have developed a separate dialect because of that separation. So they are living in two worlds within the same city, that kind of thing. There is a little bit confusion between dialect and language because they have many similarities in common but they are quite different from each other. If two people are discussing and getting each other then they are speaking same language. But sometimes it could be seen that, two people are discussing in same language even though both are having problem to getting each other then we understand that they are speaking in different dialects. In this case both dialects are same in written but not in spoken. For example, If we listen to an Indian English speaker and an American English speaker then we will find that they speak slightly difference from each other of the same thing. It will be called geographic dialect.

This study provides the first account of the perceptual dialectology of the Chabacano creoles, focusing on the three varieties spoken in Cavite City, Ternate, and Zamboanga, Philippines. It examines Chabacano speakers’ metalinguistic
awareness and attitudes about each other’s varieties based on qualitative analysis of sociolinguistic interviews, interviews from a perceptual map task, and an online survey. The results show that the speakers consider the three varieties to be separate but mutually intelligible languages, differing mainly in terms of lexical
and phonological differences. These linguistic differences are attributed to each variety’s perceived closeness to Spanish or the adstrate Philippine languages. The responses also show that local and traditional identities are important in shaping perceptions about language use. These findings contribute to research on
language attitudes and ideologies in the Chabacano-speaking communities, and more generally, demonstrate the potential of using perceptual dialectology (Preston 1999, Preston 2002) to explore the social dynamics of creole and other contact situations.

While much of the scholarship on the subject oflbero-Asian pidgins and creoles does contain some mention of the maski/maskin/masque particle, so far no detailed study has been made of the contrasting uses of the form in the different varieties. The prevailing wisdom holds that the particle originated solely from Portuguese masque, based on the mistaken belief that the same construction in Spanish had no concessive value. In this paper, we will examine the significant variations in the meaning of this particle in the different Portuguese and Spanish creole languages of Asia. Building on that analysis, we will challenge the notion of a common Portuguese origin and show instead how the differences in meaning between Spanish-Philippine creoles and the other varieties in the region came about as a result of the contact that took place between Spanish and the indigenous languages of the Philippines.

Filipino, the national lingua franca of the Philippines, is perceived as the Metro Manila Tagalog which has pervaded the entire country through media, local movies, and educational institutions. There are, however, emerging varieties of Filipino which deviate from the grammatical properties of Tagalog. These are influenced by non-Tagalog speakers whose native language competencies interfere with their usage of Filipino. These deviations from Tagalog are undeniably distinctive and are used by a significant segment of the non-Tagalog population in the country. The Filipino Variety of Davao City (FVD) is a case in point. Using as data actual language use –by people in the street and on cyberspace, this paper shows the indigenization of Filipino through linguistic description of FVD - its features, morphosyntax, and innovations and how they deviate from those of Tagalog. The indigenization of Filipino, an emergent phenomenon in the Philippine linguistic landscape, empowers non-Tagalog Filipino speakers to actively participate in its evolution, and to bring about the de-Tagalization of the evolving national language.