Film Translation

The paper presented at: National African American Association Conference, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 13-19 February 2011.

This paper examines the translation of African American slang for Audiovisual purposes from English into Polish, highlighting its linguistic, cultural, and social complexities, and it explores strategies for effectively conveying its rhetorical functions across languages.

Even though Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is growing and flourishing throughout the world, it is practically unheard-of in the Caribbean, where accessibility faces an even bleaker existence. The circumstances of the deaf and hard of hearing (also referred to as D/deaf) are no less alarming: social barriers and exclusion are widespread. This paper emphasizes the need to make subtitles accessible in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, specifically on the islands of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic, and underscores the challenges faced by the D/deaf communities on each island. Our research focuses on issues like AVT laws and regulations, the habits of viewers of audiovisual (AV) products, and literacy and limitations on each island. This paper also examines the different types of D/deaf audiovisual consumers in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean and the difficulties each community faces when accessing media and entertainment. Our research reveals the current state of AVT accessibi...

Translational routines are a key feature of translated audiovisual texts. They have been described as “recurrent solutions to translation problems which tend to become overextended” in time (Pavesi 2008: 94). This chapter focuses on the pair yeah – già, which has been reported as one of the most productive routines in Italian dubbing. A checklist of criteria for the identification of translational routines is proposed, against which data from the Pavia Corpus of Film Dialogue (PCFD) is assessed and discussed. The two complementary approaches of corpus analysis and historical research are used to investigate the entrenchment of yeah > già as a routine in contemporary dubbing and its use starting from early film translation practices.

The paper examines one of the issues involved in the intercultural transfer of film, namely the translation of humor in situation comedies. As is well known, situation comedies often “speak” to their viewers throughout non-verbal communication channels, which make the translation of the verbally expressed humor elements of the original highly problematic. Target text receivers, who see the original non-verbally expressed humor unchanged in the translation process, are exposed to intertextuality that from its definition is characteristic to the source text author and his receivers.
Drawing on the findings of a pilot study consisting of one American film (The Airplane) narrationed into Polish (TVP S.A. [Polish State Television]), the following paper deals with a theoretical challenge by proposing a socio-cultural approach to the study of intertexts – major ingredient of humor in situation comedies. All in all, that is the reason why intertextuality remains partially untranslatable or translatable but still sound foreign to the target text receivers.

Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą uchwycenia w teoretyczne ramy praktyki dokonywania tłumaczeń filmowych na potrzeby telewizyjne w Polsce. Autorzy, będący jednocześnie tłumaczami teoretykami i praktykami, dokonują przeglądu współczesnych teorii tłumaczeniowych poświęconych przekładom multimedialnym, konfrontując je z wieloletnim doświadczeniem wynikającym z praktyki, dzięki czemu możliwe jest potwierdzenie lub obalenie praw rządzących tego typu przekładami na gruncie polskim. Istotny wydaje się fakt, iż autorzy analizują tłumaczenia filmowe realizowane jedynie poprzez „szeptankę” – najpopularniejszą w Polsce metodę tłumaczeń filmowych, dzięki czemu jest to praca unikatowa, jako że z rzadka „szeptanka” jest tematem rozpraw naukowych.

Tłumacz ma za zadanie dokonanie tylko transferu międzykulturowego, gdyż nie może ingerować w warstwę wizualną. Jednak ponieważ tłumaczenie interkulturowe opiera się na tłumaczeniu sensu tekstów -a w przypadku tłumaczenia na potrzeby mediów sens ten jest wypadkową znaczenia obrazu, tekstu i relacji zachodzących między tymi elementami znaczącymi -tłumacz nie może ignorować wymiaru wizualnego, dokonując transferu językowego. Teresa Tomaszkiewicz (2006: 97) Chociaż tłumacz, jak każdy twórca, jest w swojej pracy ograniczany przez różne czynniki zewnętrzne, co czyni jego samego tworzywem, dzięki umiejętności kontrolowania własnego procesu poznawczo-kreatorskiego może w pełni mówić o sobie jako o twórcy. Aby jednak oryginał mógł zaistnieć w przekładzie (szczególnie artystycznym), muszą koniecznie zostać spełnione dwa warunki: tłumacz powinien mieć predyspozycje do przekładania określonego typu tekstów oraz powinien mieć zapewnioną swobodę w podejmowaniu decyzji tłumaczeniowych. Przekład audiowizualny nosi znamiona "ograniczania" na kilku poziomach: ustawodawczym, technicznym oraz osobowościowym (najbardziej zindywidualizowanym). Publikacja objęta jest prawem autorskim. Wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone. Kopiowanie i rozpowszechnianie zabronione. Publikacja przeznaczona jedynie dla klientów indywidualnych. Zakaz rozpowszechniania i udostępniania serwisach bibliotecznych

The book demonstrates that American slang is translatable into Polish and receivers of the target texts grasp not only the context in which particular slang items or phrases appear, but also the entire movie plot; however, TV corporations broadcasting movies and their translations must respect the local legal regulations concerning promotion of vulgarity in language. Today, slang is becoming an effective means of communication. Short, economic and vivid language has a rosy future; for this reason, translation theoreticians should cooperate with the practitioners to create a collection of translation procedures applicable to such texts.

SELECTED ASPECTS OF POETICS OF FILM TRANSLATION Film translation is often referred to as a "necessary evil." This is because the translated lines tend to be simplified in the process of audiovisual translation. It is estimated that the dialogue in a film translation might be shortened by up to 30-40% compared to the original text. However, it should be borne in mind that film dialogues are an integral part of the film's image and serve not only an informative but also a poetic function. Thus, when translating the characters' statements, one should consider not only the semantic aspect but also the stylistic elements used in the material, particularly repetitions, contrasting juxtapositions of foreground and background dialogues, and references to musical works. The article presents the conclusions of the author's research based on five translation variants of the film Cold War into Russian.

This study examines the English and Turkish subtitles of the German Netflix film Was Wir Wollten based on its dubbed version. In the film, main characters Alice and Niklas speak Standard High German (Hochdeutsch), while Christl communicates in South Tyrolean German, a distinct dialect, with her husband Romed and their children. To highlight cultural contrasts between the families, Saran Digital Studios, responsible for the Turkish subtitles and dubbing, made a notable localization decision: they replaced South Tyrolean German with Aegean Turkish in the dubbed version. According to interviews with Saran Digital Studios and Netflix officials, various Turkish dialects, including the Black Sea accent, were considered before finalizing the dubbing by the officials. The Aegean dialect was, however, chosen for its comprehensibility, as many Turkish viewers might be unfamiliar with regional dialects. As known, the Aegean dialect is closely associated with comedy in Türkiye, potentially creating a mismatch since Was Wir Wollten is a drama. This study explores how these localization choices affect Turkish audiences' interpretation of the film's themes. It investigates whether the use of the Aegean dialect leads viewers to perceive the drama as comedic, how effectively the film's message is conveyed in Turkish dubbing, and whether Eastern or Southeastern dialects might have better preserved the original dramatic tone providing that they were chosen by the officials. The research aims to contribute to audiovisual translation studies, examining the role of dialects in localization and audience reception.
Key Words: (Audio-visual) translation, AVT, subtitle translation, dubbing, localization

Prevođenje je oduvijek, a poglavito u 21. stoljeću, neophodan proces za ljudski rod. Ono omogućava povezivanje i razumijevanje različitih jezika kultura. Razvojem tehnologije, digitalnih vještina i filmske industrije, u posljednjih se nekoliko desetljeća posebice razvija tzv. audiovizualno prevođenje, u koje se ubraja prijevod filmova i serija te računalnih igara i karaoka. Unutar samog audiovizualnog prevođenja moguće je razlikovati nekoliko kategorija koje se prema načinu prevođenja i korištenim tehnikama međusobno razlikuju. Jedna od najzastupljenijih vrsta audiovizualnog prevođenja je podslovljavanje, odnosno titlovanje, čije su temeljne odrednice prostorno i vremensko ograničenje. Prevoditelj je kod podslovljavanja dužan poštovati ta ograničenja, inače bi moglo doći do nerazumijevanja određene scene. Uz to se kod podslovljavanja audiovizualni prevoditelj koristi čitavim nizom tehnika i metoda kako ne bi prekoračio broj znakova u zadanom vremenu, poput redukcije, izostavljanja, ...

A new area of art and translation is film translation, which is a type of mass multimedia translation. Film culture, and particularly film, has been recognized as one of the key cultural expressions in contemporary society within the international communication. Beyond the realm of art, it has permeated society and had a significant impact on the development of people's values, language, and way of life. This paper attempts to classify some practicable principles and requirements that account for successful film translation and can be used to direct the practice of film translation which is not an easy task as most people think of. Some guidelines are proposed bearing in mind the characteristics of film translation (dubbing and subtitling) in comparison to general translation. Bearing in mind that it also refers to the process of translation where the process of harmonising the meaning and expression in a source language with the meaning of target language is of huge significance, Theory of Translation is also briefly discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of both film translation techniques, i.e. dubbing and subtitling, are described as the preference of prevailing one of them over the other in a typical genre is also mentioned. Some advice and guidelines are provided before delving headfirst into the challenging task of producing a correct translation of a film for a voiceover, it is important to become familiar with the translation techniques, translation as a procedure and processes required for the project.

Billy Wilder es más popular y glorificado en España que en cualquier otro país. Estados de Gracia relaciona esta observación con el papel clave que desempeñó Wilder en la renovación del repertorio cinematográfico bajo Franco. Aunque manipuladas, sus películas encarnaban para muchos espectadores algo emocionante en vez de dogmáticamente franquista. Apoyándose en informes de censura, reseñas y doblajes franquistas, este libro ilumina este paradójico proceso de canonización y censura. Su autor estudia a los censores y sus actividades, las traducciones manipulativas, y el sistema normativo franquista aplicado a Wilder. (parte del libro)

Billy Wilder is more popular and glorified in Spain than anywhere else. "Estados de Gracia" traces this remarkable fact back to Wilder’s key role in renewing the film repertoire under Franco. Even though Wilder’s films were rewritten and censored in Francoist Spain, many viewers still found them far more exciting than most domestic productions. Drawing on a wealth of censorship files, reviews and dubbings, "Estados de Gracia" illuminates this paradoxical process of canonization despite censorship. The book studies the censors and their activities, the manipulative translations, and the Francoist system of norms applied to Wilder.

This paper deals with the understanding of the process involved when translating song lyrics from English into Spanish. The data gathered is taken from the film (1965) and later stage musical (2011) The Sound of Music. The song selected for analysis is Sixteen Going on Seventeen and its translated Spanish versions, both for film Cumplirás diecisiete años and theatre musical Dieciséis, casi diecisiete. The purpose of this analysis is to observe the strategies that the film translator has followed in the process, focusing specially on rhyming and lip synchronization. Then, a similar analysis is carried out for the translation of the theatrical text involving only rhyming. Conclusions show how rhyming and lip synch involve the use of strategies that have an effect on word choice and the final perception of the song by the viewer.

This paper is an attempt to explore the intersection between translation studies and film studies. It uses Henrik Gottlieb’s theoretical framework to explore Kannada cinema to provide an overview of interlingual isosemiotic translations in Kannada film industry. Since its inception in 1934 the Kannada cinema has contributed more than four thousand films to cinemas of India. Today, Kannada cinema produces an average of ninety to hundred films a year ranging from original productions, isosemiotic and ultrasemiotic translations. The data i.e., the list of films produced in Kannada film industry from 1934 to 2022 has been collected from various archives, blogs, and websites. Graphs have been used to visually illustrate isosemiotic translations with reference to show the languages from which stories have come to Kannada cinema. The quantitative research method has been adopted to analyze the data in order to provide an outline of isosemiotic culture. Some of the issues addressed in this paper are: the possibility of making and remaking the same film in different languages by the same director and/or same productions house; film production and reception before reorganization of states and technological advancements; issues related to simultaneous production; inclination towards isosemiotic translations than other forms of films translation; and, tracing the trajectory of movement of stories across languages. Through this study, the paper scrutinizes the policies adopted by the film industry. The paper aims to historically overview how isosemiotic culture was shaped from 1956 to 2022 in Kannada film industry in terms of movement of stories between languages, both Indian and foreign, and what does it suggest about the choice of theme in the temporal context within which an isosemiotic translation was made.

The article looks into the issue of translation equivalence based on semantic and pragmatic approaches to specialised terminology as used in institutional academic settings. The relations of full, near and partial equivalence and no-equivalence were analysed for pairs of Ukrainian and English terms and semi-terms selected from texts on Ukrainian university sites, representing examples of Ukrainian translation from English. Parallels were made with specialised English institutional terminology used on original British university sites. The material analysed demonstrated a low degree of homogeneity of the two terminological systems resulting from different approaches to understanding the objectives of university tuition, its principles and procedures. Conclusions were drawn as to the translator's success or failure in achieving equivalence, which was shown to depend on taking into account a number of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. The importance of semantic structure analysis of terminology in both languages was demonstrated to facilitate the avoidance of translation failures, the task being unduly complex given the absence of comprehensive specialised bilingual dictionaries.

Translation of songs used in films comprises a unique phenomenon since it supposes to take into account an interdependence of two multimodal systems and their components. The challenges associated with the translation of songs in films manifest themselves both on the level of an internal system of a song (interconnection of lyrics and music on prosodic, poetic and semantic levels) and external relations of a song and a film it is immersed into (visual, audial and semantic levels of interaction). The article attempts to consider translation of songs in films within the frameworks of the functional approach and states that the pragmatic function and communicative purpose of a song in a film are translation dominants. The paper suggests and discusses five levels of correspondence between the source song and target song in film translation, i.e., pragmatic, semantic, stylistic, cinematic, and aesthetic. It determines a correlation between translation technique used in the recreation of lyrics (zero translation, interlinear translation and adaptation) and potentially achievable levels of correspondence.

This thesis delves into the intricate realm of audiovisual translation, focusing on the translation of extralinguistic cultural references (ECRs) in Romanian subtitles. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, we investigate the varying strategies employed by professional subtitlers and non-professional enthusiasts in rendering ECRs in two distinct films, "The Trial of the Chicago 7" and "Lost in Translation." Drawing from the theoretical framework proposed by Ian Pedersen in "Subtitling Norms for Television" (2011), our study aims to comprehend the impact of foreignization and domestication techniques on the preservation of cultural nuances and the accessibility of the target audience. We analyze the translation strategies used in both professional and amateur subtitles, assessing potential distortions of meaning and errors. Moreover, our research examines the comprehensive landscape of audiovisual translation, its historical evolution, linguistic intricacies, cultural implications, and the intricacies of subtitling, including the phenomenon of fansubbing. The findings shed light on the complex process of ECR translation, underlining the critical balance between maintaining the original cultural essence and ensuring the comprehensibility for the target audience.

This article is devoted to the translation of the film Sara done using the voice-over technique and subtitles. The analysed film is one of the Polish classic film productions of the ‘90s. The peculiar character of film dialogues requires that the translator adopts translation techniques which do not conform with technical requirements for selected techniques that are applied in audio-visual translation. The viewer needs to have additional competences including the knowledge of linguistic norms, cinematographic traditions, customs, etc., in order to get a proper understanding of a specific scene

The article focuses on the use of invective in political texts and specifics of its rendering in the English-Ukrainian translation. It aims to define possible strategies for invective translation and factors that influence translator’s choice. Since the use of invective by political leaders is aimed primarily at provoking a certain reaction from their opponents and the public, the main criterion of equivalence in the translation of such units is pragmatics, which stipulates the translator’s task as trying to make the invective perform the same function in the translation and be perceived in the same way as in the original, often regardless of its language component in the source language. The paper suggests that it becomes possible with the help of pragmatic adaptation, which implies various manipulations with the source text aimed to ensure its better understanding by the receptors of translation. Three main translation strategies of pragmatic adaptation are proposed: neutralizatio...

La presente tesis titulada "Uso de la sincronización labial en el doblaje al español del cortometraje 'El Circo de la Mariposa', Chiclayo-2017", es una investigación descriptiva basada en la teoría del enfoque cinematográfico la cual afirma que el lenguaje especializado usado en esta industria no sólo está codificado lingüísticamente, sino también incluye códigos que ayudan a formar el mensaje final. Entre ellos están los códigos lingüísticos y paralingüísticos tales como los musicales, efectos especiales y arreglos sonoros, y los códigos visuales que incluyen códigos iconográficos, fotográficos, gráficos, de planificación, sintácticos o de montaje y de movilidad. En el presente trabajo se aplicó el método de investigación analítico sintético para evaluar la sincronización labial del cortometraje 'El Circo de la Mariposa' mediante el desarrollo de una lista de cotejo y una matriz de análisis. Se tuvo como población al contenido dicho corto y como muestra el script del mismo dividido en takes.

The article focuses on the use of invective in political texts and specifics of its rendering in the English-Ukrainian translation. It aims to define possible strategies for invective translation and factors that influence translator's choice. Since the use of invective by political leaders is aimed primarily at provoking a certain reaction from their opponents and the public, the main criterion of equivalence in the translation of such units is pragmatics, which stipulates the translator's task as trying to make the invective perform the same function in the translation and be perceived in the same way as in the original, often regardless of its language component in the source language. The paper suggests that it becomes possible with the help of pragmatic adaptation, which implies various manipulations with the source text aimed to ensure its better understanding by the receptors of translation. Three main translation strategies of pragmatic adaptation are proposed: neutralization, substitution and stylistic amplification. These strategies dictate the further choice of translator's decisions and the application of translation transformations aiming to preserve the emotional and evaluative load of invective in translation.

Due to the worldwide demand for music consumption, more songs are translated into several languages. However, it remains a question whether the public i) prefers a loosely translated version, or ii) prefers a word-by-word translated version. Inspired by online data mining in business analytics, this quantitative research studied the public’s sentiments on two translated versions of Disney’s “We Don’t Talk About Bruno” song on the YouTube platform. Through semantic analysis, the researchers had found that the public prefers loosely, poetically, translated songs whilst preferring the harmony, melody, and musical sense of the songs to be retained. Keywords: translation techniques; compositional market; public acceptance; online data mining. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under res...

Международный кинофестиваль является событием культурной жизни, где не только взаимодействуют создатели кинофильмов со зрителями, но и вступают в контакт их языки и культуры. В статье впервые выделяется дискурс кинофестиваля, и в его рамках рассматривается жанр каталога как гибридное(сочетающее вербальный и невербальный компоненты), гетерогенное (состоящее из текстов разных типов), дву- или многоязычное образование, созданное на основе компиляции, компрессии, опосредованного перевода и межкультурной адаптации информации.

An international film festival is a cultural event where filmmakers interact with the audiences, while their languages and cultures also come into contact. The article focuses on defining discourse of the film festival that has not been previously singled out. The discourse of the film festival is understood as a collection of oral and written texts, consisting of verbal and non-verbal components, and the processes of their generation, united by the communicative situation of film screening. Depending on the channel of transmitting the message, the texts will demonstrate a different combination of linguistic, graphic, sound and visual signs. The context of the discourse
is largely formed by the participants’ background knowledge and cultural viewpoints. Additionally, the genre of film festival catalog within this discourse is described as hybrid (combining verbal and non-verbal components), heterogeneous (consisting of texts of different types), bi- or multilingual unity, created on the basis of compilation,
compression, mediated translation and intercultural adaptation of information.

Due to the worldwide demand for music consumption, more songs are translated into several languages. However, it remains a question whether the public i) prefers a loosely translated version, or ii) prefers a word-by-word translated version. Inspired by online data mining in business analytics, this quantitative research studied the public’s sentiments on two translated versions of Disney’s “We Don’t Talk About Bruno” song on the YouTube platform. Through semantic analysis, the researchers had found that the public prefers loosely, poetically, translated songs whilst preferring the harmony, melody, and musical sense of the songs to be retained. Keywords: translation techniques; compositional market; public acceptance; online data mining. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under res...

Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available by subscription online via Questia at https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-4079125201/the-translation-of-filmshistory-preservation-research. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher.

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publicationZe wstępu: This monographic volume presents ten selected studies exploring the multiple interrelationships between language and the communities of speakers who sustain it, focusing on the various roles that language plays for its users, both native and non-native. On the empirical side of things, the studies included in this volume focus on the English language and its socio-cultural and educational contexts. The multifarious relationships between language and the communities of its users are addressed here from different perspectives and points of view. All the different threads fi nd their synthesis in the ways in which language, a carrier of culture and marker of national, social and cultural identity, refl ects the changes taking place in the communities using it as a tool for interpersonal communication, accumulation, storage and dissemination of information, social interactions, transmission of culture, and many other purposes,...

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publicationZe wstępu: This monographic volume presents ten selected studies exploring the multiple interrelationships between language and the communities of speakers who sustain it, focusing on the various roles that language plays for its users, both native and non-native. On the empirical side of things, the studies included in this volume focus on the English language and its socio-cultural and educational contexts. The multifarious relationships between language and the communities of its users are addressed here from different perspectives and points of view. All the different threads fi nd their synthesis in the ways in which language, a carrier of culture and marker of national, social and cultural identity, refl ects the changes taking place in the communities using it as a tool for interpersonal communication, accumulation, storage and dissemination of information, social interactions, transmission of culture, and many other purposes,...

This paper reflects on the key issues of literary translation approaches suggested by Mykola Dmytrenko, an outstanding Ukrainian prose translator. Despite the vast research made by Ukrainian and foreign scholars regarding the translation (A. Bennet, S. Bassnet, M. Strykha) little is known about the contribution made by Ukrainian translators to the promotion of the Ukrainian literature on the international arena. Mykola Dmytrenko’s original arguments coming from value-based interview questions reveal the nature of translating process in terms of cultural transfer with a special emphasis on the literary standards and the distinctive nature of translation paradigm. As many translation theorists and researchers claim, there has been an accepted recognition of the fact that the use of the strategies and techniques of contemporary linguistics shift away to cultural studies. This article attempts to outline the scope of translation as a process by syndicating various extralinguistic phenom...

This paper traces register shifts (Halliday & Hasan 1976: 22; Hatim & Mason 1997) between source-texts (English) and target-texts (Greek and Spanish) in instances of racist discourse in films. It presents preliminary, as yet non-exhaustive, findings and aims to ultimately formulate explanatory hypotheses concerning the emerging norms. Our methodological approach is placed in the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies (Toury 2012; Chesterman 2008) and in the school of Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1985; 1992), relying on Appraisal Theory (Martin & White 2005) to provide and analyse a taxonomy of the racism-related utterances examined.

This paper presents an ongoing effort work focusing on the development of an audiovisual corpus resource and its annotation in terms of sentiments and opinions. A modular annotation schema has been employed based on the specifications of existing schemas and extending or adapting them to cater for the peculiarities of the corpus-specific data. Keywords: annotation of emotion, annotation of opinion, movies corpus

This paper presents an ongoing effort work focusing on the development of an audiovisual corpus resource and its annotation in terms of sentiments and opinions. A modular annotation schema has been employed based on the specifications of existing schemas and extending or adapting them to cater for the peculiarities of the corpus-specific data. Keywords: annotation of emotion, annotation of opinion, movies corpus

This paper presents an ongoing effort work focusing on the development of an audiovisual corpus resource and its annotation in terms of sentiments and opinions. A modular annotation schema has been employed based on the specifications of existing schemas and extending or adapting them to cater for the peculiarities of the corpus-specific data. Keywords: annotation of emotion, annotation of opinion, movies corpus

The paratext is defined as textual and visual elements that surround and support the core text. It is also any material additional to, appended to or external to the content, which has functions of explaining, defining, instructing, supporting, or adding background information, the relevant opinions and attitudes of scholars, translators and reviewers. The article examines the significance of the paratext and its components in the translation of online news texts. The objective of the paper is to demarcate a theoretical framework based on literary criticism, media and translation studies, which can provide the ground for media translators and researchers. In particular, this paper determines the paratext and paratextual elements within the scope of news discourse; singles out the most potent paratextual elements in news translation; and presents the most frequent challenges of rendering paratextual elements in the translation of online news texts from English into Ukrainian. The res...

Even though Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is growing and flourishing throughout the world, it is practically unheard-of in the Caribbean, where accessibility faces an even bleaker existence. The circumstances of the deaf and hard of hearing (also referred to as D/deaf) are no less alarming: social barriers and exclusion are widespread. This paper emphasizes the need to make subtitles accessible in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, specifically on the islands of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic, and underscores the challenges faced by the D/deaf communities on each island. Our research focuses on issues like AVT laws and regulations, the habits of viewers of audiovisual (AV) products, and literacy and limitations on each island. This paper also examines the different types of D/deaf audiovisual consumers in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean and the difficulties each community faces when accessing media and entertainment. Our research reveals the current state of AVT accessibility in this region and provides a foundation for influencing legislators to begin enforcing AVT regulations and drafting SDH guidelines.

En este trabajo vamos a realizar una aproximación a Roald Dahl y su obra, tomando como base uno de sus libros menos estudiados: Charlie y el gran ascensor de cristal. A través de él, vamos a analizar el tipo de lector al que va destinada su obra, así como el humor, uno de los ejes en torno a los que se articula su literatura; también estudiaremos las referencias culturales, los juegos de palabras y las onomatopeyas: para ello, compararemos el texto original con su versión en español, proceso que nos permitirá descubrir y valorar las estrategias utilizadas por la traductora, Verónica Head, en la traducción. Palabras clave: Traducción de LIJ, humor, referencias culturales, juegos de palabras, onomatopeyas Daunting challenges for the translator: humour, cultural references, wordplay, and onomatopoeia in Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator by Roald Dahl This article takes a critical look at writer Roald Dahl and his work, taking as its basis one of his less scrutinized books, Charlie and the great glass elevator. It examines the type of reader to whom his books are addressed, and his type of humour which is one of the central elements on which his literary output turns. Finally it focuses on cultural references, wordplays and onomatopoeias, by comparing the original text with the Spanish translation by Veronica Head in order to identify and analyze the various translation strategies used.

The article discusses the problem of pragmatic conditionality of advertising texts in translation studies since the development of digital infrastructure, the transition to network principles of communication, global involvement of all countries in international market processes lead to the increasing importance of the quality of advertising texts translation into different target languages. As the communicative success of advertising texts is related to the elocutive component, the attention of researchers from Russia, Great Britain, the USA, Germany and other countries is focused on maximizing the retention of the pragmatic effect in the target language. The problem of conveying the elocutive structure of the advertising text when translating is relevant both for the Russian and the world context. The authors of the article adhere to the fundamental idea that the priority is the creation of a secondary text equivalent in terms of communicative aim. The research showed that the tra...

The article discusses the problem of pragmatic conditionality of advertising texts in translation studies since the development of digital infrastructure, the transition to network principles of communication, global involvement of all countries in international market processes lead to the increasing importance of the quality of advertising texts translation into different target languages. As the communicative success of advertising texts is related to the elocutive component, the attention of researchers from Russia, Great Britain, the USA, Germany and other countries is focused on maximizing the retention of the pragmatic effect in the target language. The problem of conveying the elocutive structure of the advertising text when translating is relevant both for the Russian and the world context. The authors of the article adhere to the fundamental idea that the priority is the creation of a secondary text equivalent in terms of communicative aim. The research showed that the tra...

The article discusses the problem of pragmatic conditionality of advertising texts in translation studies since the development of digital infrastructure, the transition to network principles of communication, global involvement of all countries in international market processes lead to the increasing importance of the quality of advertising texts translation into different target languages. As the communicative success of advertising texts is related to the elocutive component, the attention of researchers from Russia, Great Britain, the USA, Germany and other countries is focused on maximizing the retention of the pragmatic effect in the target language. The problem of conveying the elocutive structure of the advertising text when translating is relevant both for the Russian and the world context. The authors of the article adhere to the fundamental idea that the priority is the creation of a secondary text equivalent in terms of communicative aim. The research showed that the tra...

El punto de partida del presente trabajo es nuestra participación en la Feria Internacional del Libro Infantil de Bolonia 1 que tuvo lugar del 1 al 4 de abril de 2019. En particular, hemos tenido la posibilidad de entrevistar a la traductora italiana de Manolito Gafotas precisamente cinco años después de la presentación de su retraducción de la primera novela de la serie que había tenido lugar en la Feria de Bolonia en 2014 2. Como ya hemos podido explicar en estudios previos (Ariza y Achilli, 2017; Ariza, 2019a), era indispensable conversar con la traductora para contestar a algunos interrogantes que habían surgido de nuestro análisis comparativo y descriptivo de las dos traducciones

This paper traces register shifts (Halliday & Hasan 1976: 22; Hatim & Mason 1997) between source-texts (English) and target-texts (Greek and Spanish) in instances of racist discourse in films. It presents preliminary, as yet non-exhaustive, findings and aims to ultimately formulate explanatory hypotheses concerning the emerging norms. Our methodological approach is placed in the framework of Descriptive Translation Studies (Toury 2012; Chesterman 2008) and in the school of Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1985; 1992), relying on Appraisal Theory (Martin & White 2005) to provide and analyse a taxonomy of the racism-related utterances examined.

We hereby present work in progress aimed at the development and annotation of an audiovisual corpus resource with respect to sentiment and opinion. A modular annotation schema has been employed following the specifications of existing schemas with certain extensions and/or modifications that cater for the peculiarities of the specific data.

We hereby present work in progress aimed at the development and annotation of an audiovisual corpus resource with respect to sentiment and opinion. A modular annotation schema has been employed following the specifications of existing schemas with certain extensions and/or modifications that cater for the peculiarities of the specific data.

Application of the principles and tenets of cognitive linguistics to translation studies rests on the assumption that both of them employ the same meaning process while working with a text. Procedures implemented to translate the inaugural address of American President Trump have been regarded from the point of view of Construction Grammar. The construction is viewed as the main translation unit representing source linguistic material below the level of the text. The paper singles out from the translation of President Trump’s inaugural address equivalent constructions with identical form and meaning and non-equivalent pairings indicating transformations of structure or semantics in the original constructions. Syntactical modifications include the change of word order, grammar tenses or omission of construction component, while lexical transformations result in generalization, carried out by words with more abstract meaning than those in the source construction; simplification, repre...

The paratext is defined as textual and visual elements that surround and support the core text. It is also any material additional to, appended to or external to the content, which has functions of explaining, defining, instructing, supporting, or adding background information, the relevant opinions and attitudes of scholars, translators and reviewers. The article examines the significance of the paratext and its components in the translation of online news texts. The objective of the paper is to demarcate a theoretical framework based on literary criticism, media and translation studies, which can provide the ground for media translators and researchers. In particular, this paper determines the paratext and paratextual elements within the scope of news discourse; singles out the most potent paratextual elements in news translation; and presents the most frequent challenges of rendering paratextual elements in the translation of online news texts from English into Ukrainian. The research provides some insights brought by the notion of the paratext to translation studies, as well as the neighbouring disciplines of digital and media studies. The analysis highlights the complex paratextual elements, which have never ceased to challenge translators, mainly headlines, subheadings and leads of online news texts.

The relevance of the stated problem reflects the study of the “friend-foe” dichotomy, which is clearly represented in the modern news discourse, since it reflects the most significant problems for society: migration, the COVID-19 pandemic, crime, various confrontations, problems of socially vulnerable citizens, etc. The subject of the research is to Refine the parameters for evaluating potentially dangerous texts for the subsequent creation of a library of software modules for theming and classifying news messages, including using AI technologies. Hypothesis: the proposed parameters of the system of interpretation of potentially dangerous text increase the chances of determining the prognostic level of the degree of propensity to illegal actions, so the creation of a digital library will help to quickly analyze the levels of potential dangers for the recipient. The use of digital technologies for psycholinguistic assessment of potentially dangerous texts optimizes the search and tra...