Environmental Accounting

A former student of the École Normale Supérieure and the École Nationale d'Administration, an agrégée of philosophy, and accredited to direct research in sociology, she is currently a professor of sociology at the University of Paris-Dauphine. She is notably the author of Le Travail. Une valeur en voie de disparition?, Qu'est-ce que la richesse?, Le Temps des femmes. Pour un nouveau partage des rôles. She also participated in several volumes on social policy. his text is drawn from a talk given on October 2 on the occasion of the inauguration of the chair in "Ecological Reconversion, Work, Employment and Social Policy" at the Collège d'Études Mondiales, in collaboration with the University of Paris-Dauphine. It is the irst draft of a text that will be published as a book in the irst trimester of 2013. he author wishes to thank Michel Wieviorka, the members of the Forum Pour d'Autres Indicateurs de Richesse (FAIR), the seminar on "sustainable policies for prosperity," and the Veblen Institute, which realised the translation into English of this text. his text is also published as a note by the Institut Veblen in both languages.

A divulgação de informações sociais e ambientais está cada vez mais sendo exigida pelas sociedades contemporâneas. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal trabalhar essas informações divulgadas pela Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento -CONAB, a qual faz parte da administração indireta do governo federal. Por ser a CONAB empresa pública vinculada ao Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, e operacionalizar alguns dos principais programas do governo, inclusive de distribuição de alimentos e regulação de mercado, torna-se necessário que as informações de natureza social e ambiental sejam claras e objetivas, além de cumprirem os normativos que as regulam como a NBC T 15. Nesse sentido, foi direcionada a pesquisa para a análise da Demonstração das Informações de Natureza Social e Ambiental, com o objetivo de entender como a CONAB está evidenciando a responsabilidade social e ambiental sob a perspectiva da NBC T 15. O trabalho esclarece quais são os itens a serem aprimorados, para que sejam atendidas às exigências da NBC T 15 e quais os que aderiram a essa exigência. Para tanto, o trabalho dividiu a análise em contextualização de responsabilidade social e ambiental, sua demonstração, a NBC T 15 e por fim, uma breve apresentação da empresa estudada.

Each city need to develop sustainable transport plans according to its future developments. This means identifying the best policy package of transport measures that could produce more sustainable future scenarios: lowest environmental impact, but also better social standards and at minimum cost. To that end, it is necessary to measure the environmental and social costs of each alternative transport mode. This paper proposes a methodology to calculate those costs in different city contexts: city centre and metropolitan suburbs. It provides a measure of the following environmental costs: pollution, noise, green house gasses and land taken. Then the social costs as congestion and accident costs. These two cost categories are calculated for each mean of transport: metro, bus, private car and taxi. The methodology has been applied to Madrid Region through modeling its mobility demand in 2004. The outputs are costs per passenger-km in each mode and Area: city centre and metropolitan ring. Therefore it is possible to assign monetary costs to environmental and social costs of each transport option; for example, car environmental costs are four times higher than buses on average, but it differs a lot from city centre to outskirt areas. Finally, some guidelines can be extracted to develop a more sustainable transport policy for Madrid Region.

The volume of the environmental risk disclosure in the annual reports of firms in the pharmaceutical and chemical, tannery, telecommunications, and paper and printing industries listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) in Bangladesh was analyzed in this paper. The research used a content analysis of the annual reports of 43 companies that represented four DSE sectors. To quantify the level of environmental risk disclosure reporting practiced by corporations in their annual reports, the authors established the ERDIPCI for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, the ERDITI for the tannery industry, the ERDITeI for the telecommunications industry, and the ERDIPPI for the paper and printing industry. Similarly, the machine learning clustering algorithm, k-means clustering, is used to cluster the companies based on the completion of different environmental indices. It is observed that from four sectors, the highest number of companies from the pharmaceutical and chemical industry disclosed environmental risk disclosures, and the lowest number of companies was from the tannery industry, followed by the telecommunications and the paper and printing industries. The enterprises differ significantly in their environmental risk disclosures, and the overall scenarios of the environmental reporting practices by companies in Bangladesh are quite poor. It also shows that among the 43 companies, a limited number of enterprises are placed first. The majority of the businesses are in the midst of a cluster that reflects the increasing order of indices fulfillment. This paper provided a few specific proposals to the relevant authorities in order to establish a regularity framework in which all the firms listed on the DSE in Bangladesh will be expected to address environmental risk disclosures and conservation actions in their annual reports towards adaptation to climate change and achieving environmental sustainability.

Bangladesh is probably among the nation's most at risk from climate change worldwide. Bangladesh is constantly experiencing the effects of climate change, including backwater, coastline erosion, storm surges, and tropical cyclones. Furthermore, a study of 119 years' worth of cyclone data shows that climate change is to blame for the increasing cyclone frequency that Bangladesh is now experiencing in the Bay of Bengal, which is located south of the country. It has been noted recently that climate change has grown to be a signi icant problem impacting the agricultural industry. Climate change's effects on agriculture are a worldwide issue, but for Bangladesh, where agriculture is the foundation of lives and livelihoods, it is becoming a danger to the country's food security. This assumption is based on the fact that crop agriculture is the main driver of the national economy. One of the world's biggest deltas, Bangladesh is particularly susceptible to natural disasters due to its geographic position, low-lying, lat terrain, population density, poverty, illiteracy, lack of institutional structure, and other factors. To put it another way, Bangladesh's physical, social, and

This study examines the impact of firm characteristic on environmental performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study uses sixteen out of twenty listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria, and adopts correlational research design. Data for the study was extracted from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled firms for a period of 13 years from 2010 to 2022, and analyzed using multiple regressions. The results from the statistical analysis reveal a significant impact of firm characteristics (leverage, tangibility and firm size) on environmental performance using waste management cost while profitability, firm age and liquidity have insignificant impact on environmental performance of the sampled companies. The study concludes that leverage, tangibility and firm size affect environmental performance of the listed consumers' goods companies in Nigeria. Based on this, this study recommends that management of listed consumer goods companies in Nigeria should take into account factors such as leverage, tangibility and firm size when deciding on to spend on waste management for environmental performance. Also, the management should embrace environmental performance practice in their plan which may elevate a company's image, engender trust, and secure its place as a frontrunner in the race towards a sustainable and profitable future. This implies that companies in line with their attributes should develop business models and strategies that will ensure environmental sustainability practice.

This study examined the impact of environmental cost on financial performance of listed downstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Correlational research design was employed for the study. Data were extracted from the financial statements of six listed downstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria for a period of ten years (2014-2023). The hypotheses formulated for the study was tested using multiple regressions analysis. The study shows that waste community development cost has significant impact on financial performance while waste management costs and employee health and safety costs have insignificant impact on financial performance of listed downstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The study concludes that community development cost is one environmental accounting determinant that influences financial performance of the companies under study. Therefore, the study recommended that the management should incorporate community development initiatives into their overall business strategy, recognizing that investing in local communities can enhance brand reputation as well as customer loyalty, ultimately leading to improved financial performance. More so, there is need to allocate more resources towards renewable energy projects to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, mitigate environmental impact, and enhance long-term financial sustainability.

Environmental issues are now in focus of corporate performance requiring not only the respecting of rules on environment but as well reflecting the cost of environmental damages during the financial reporting. The current financial accounting practices do not cover all the environmental cost caused from the companies. As result a new field of accounting emerged, environmental accounting that takes into consideration the concern on environment and natural resources, stating the values of the positive and negative public effects and externalities and incorporating them in the traditional accounting (Balance Sheet and Income Statement). The role of accounting on monitoring the environmental degradation caused from firms operating in Albania will be the focus of this study. The accounting legislation and regulation of Albanian firms will be examined stating the approach towards environmental damages. Accounting practices of three companies with negative impact on the environment will be analyzed. The study finds that the accounting practices and regulation in Albania do not have the proper structure on reporting the environmental issues.

Este ensayo explora la noción de plenitud como un principio estructural en la dinámica de los ecosistemas, particularmente en relación con el concepto de clímax ecológico. Se argumenta que los ecosistemas tienden a estados de plenitud siguiendo tres principios fundamentales: esencialidad (lo menos es más), suficiencia (saber cuánto es suficiente) y equilibrio (lo óptimo, ni mínimo ni máximo). Estos principios no solo permiten comprender los patrones de sucesión ecológica, sino también proponen un marco de reflexión para la sostenibilidad y la restauración ecológica.

Green accounting plays a vital role in addressing the environmental consequences of mining. However, existing research is predominantly concentrated in developed countries, leaving a knowledge gap in developing contexts such as Ghana. To bridge this gap, this study conducts a systematic review of green accounting practices within Ghanaian mining communities. Using PRISMA guidelines, the authors examined peer-reviewed literature from three major academic databases, employing keywords such as "green accounting," "environmental accounting," "sustainable accounting," "natural resource accounting," and "mining in Ghana." From an initial pool of 276 studies, 46 were selected based on inclusion criteria. The findings show that while green accounting disclosures are increasingly present in corporate reports, they remain inconsistent. Several studies also evaluate the legal and policy frameworks shaping corporate environmental responsibility in mining, while others assess sustainability practices among mining firms. The study concludes by advocating for locally tailored sustainability strategies and suggests future research on the socio-environmental impact of ecofriendly technologies in Ghana's mining sector.

Environmental accounting practices is a concept that has received attention in recent times especially after the world experienced the adverse effect of environmental abuse. It was however discovered that the discourse focused majorly on the manufacturing sector with little attention on another sensitive sector such as the aviation industry. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of environmental accounting practices on the financial performance of Nigerian aviation firms, with a specific focus on their environmental research and development, environmental pollution control policy, and environmental waste management. An ex-post facto research design was used in the study. The population comprised the five aviation firms listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group as of 31st December 2021. A census sampling technique was used which automatically made the five firms the sample size of the study. Data were obtained from secondary sources through the published annual reports of the fir...

Balancing conservation objectives with rural livelihoods presents a persistent governance challenge in protected areas. This study investigates how livelihood dynamics influence conservation outcomes in the buffer zone of Cross River National Park (CRNP), Nigeria. The objective is to examine the drivers of park encroachment and assess the effectiveness of alternative livelihood interventions. Primary data were collected from three forest-reliant communities (Oban, Nsan, and Mkpot) using household surveys, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Results show that subsistence farming and the harvesting of nontimber forest products (NTFPs) notably bush mango and Afang leaves dominate local livelihoods. Despite periodic interventions, continued encroachment reflects programme failures marked by irregular implementation, limited funding, and weak alignment with local needs. Respondents cited inadequate credit access, poor market linkages, and insufficient training as core constraints to sustainable livelihood transitions. Conservation enforcement, in the absence of viable alternatives, is widely perceived as punitive rather than participatory. The study highlights the need for long-term, community-responsive livelihood strategies that complement conservation efforts. Institutional trust, co-management, and culturally appropriate interventions are essential for building local cooperation and ecological resilience. The research extends the sustainable livelihoods framework by positioning institutional reliability, policy continuity, and stakeholder inclusion as central to successful conservation outcomes in forest-adjacent communities.

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em identificar nas Demonstrações Contábeis e nas Demonstrações Adicionais (Balanço Social e Demonstração do Valor Adicionado) quais são as diferenças e semelhanças das práticas de evidenciação concernentes aos passivos ambientais. Oito companhias que atuam no Brasil, submetidas à Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA) e que emitiram ADRs na Bolsa de Nova Iorque (NYSE), foram analisadas. O estudo caracteriza-se como exploratóriodescritivo, sendo que a técnica utilizada na pesquisa foi à análise de conteúdo. Observou-se que não houve homogeneidade quanto à formatação e apresentação das demonstrações adicionais. Além disso, as informações ambientais publicadas nos EUA são mais amplas do que as publicadas no Brasil.

Input-Output Analysis (IOA) provides a computational structure which is interesting for many applications within supply chain analysis and business processes analysis. These applications are usually performed as static and deterministic analyses, especially as far as cost accounting is concerned. The aim of this paper is to introduce elements of uncertainty analysis within an environmentally-extended Input-Output technological model at the enterprise level, which is common to the environmental accounting and the cost accounting. This will allow both backcasting and forecasting to aid management towards taking informed actions. The approach is built bottom-up from the basic operations within the enterprise, describing each internal process in terms of parameters that reasonably approximate its real characteristics. Monte Carlo methods will be employed to assess how the uncertainty associated with such estimated parameters of the model -especially the price which is expected to correspond for the external purchasing of resources -may affect its expected outcomes. Besides production planning and product costing, such framework can also be employed in order to evaluate what effect different design solutions are likely to have on both the material flows which link a supply chain of production processes, and even the associated whole-life costs.

This paper not only attempts to survey the burgeoning literature on environmental, social and governance disclosures and performance and their effects on firm value, but its focus also lies on highlighting stylised observations coming from the most recent work that has not yet become part of the 'conventional wisdom' in the field. In addition, it outlines some of the crucial knowledge gaps and interesting questions that have not, as of yet, been addressed and thus outlines a potential agenda for future research on socially responsible investing. Lastly, it introduces the papers published in this special issue of the British Accounting Review.

This paper describes the main features of the study "Natural Resources and Environmental Accounting in the Czech Republic" (NREACR), carried out under the Phare programme during 1998-1999. Within the project, five major methodological areas were specified: (1) NAMEA-type accounting; (2) Land cover/land use (LC/LU) accounting; (3) Abatement cost curves (air -energy, transport and industry; water -agriculture, industry, housing); (4) Economic (monetary) appraisal of natural assets; and (5) Dynamic modelling and scenario development. The results of first four modules can be thought of as elements of a policy support data bank which can have many uses including the information inputs needed for national economy scenario modeling aimed at exploring the potentials, constraints and trade-offs in the setting and evaluation of Czech Republic economic and environmental policy. . In the paper, an overview is given of the modular approach adopted for economy-environment accounting and of the main results, followed by discussion of the outlook for further work in the field in the Czech Republic and also potentially for other EU Accession countries. Ce papier présente les grandes lignes de l'étude "Natural Resources and Environmental Accounting in the Czech Republic" (NREACR), financée par le programme PHARE de la commission Européenne pendant 1998-1999. Le projet était composé de cinq domaines méthodologiques: (1) le schéma de comptabilité nationale élargie NAMEA; (2) les représentations spatiales d'occupation de sols; (3) la construction des courbes de coûts de réduction des émissions (pour l'air -l'énergie, les transports et l'industrie; et pour l'eau -l'agriculture, l'industrie et les habitations); (4) évaluation monétaire des actifs naturels; et (5) la modélisation dynamique et les perspectives de scénario. Les quatres premiers domaines contribuent en effet à une base de données adaptée à la politique économique et environnementale, dont l'exploitation pour les analyses de scénario afin d'explorer les évolutions faisables de l'économie nationale ainsi que les arbitrages de politiques économiques et environnementales. Le papier présente tout d'abord l'approche modulaire adoptée pour l'étude, suivie par un survol des résultats principaux de chaque module. Il s'achève par une discussion des perspectives des analyses futures dans le domaine de la comptabilité verte pour la République Czech et, par la prolongation, pour d'autres pays en étape d'accession à l'Union Européenne.

At a time when sustainability performance does not seem to match the expectations raised by the sustainable development concept and, moreover, when the economic downturn and crisis could be further eroding social and environmental concerns and values, the notion of sustainability crisis provides an interesting starting point to reflect on the role of Social and Environmental Accounting Research. Lack of humanity and values, short term economic approach, institutional capture and misunderstanding and misuse of democracy, have all served as catalysts of sustainability downturn and crisis. Thus, this editorial attempts to advance public interest accounting by discussing the controversy around Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility, expecting that the constitutive effects of researchers' words in this special issue and in future research agendas, will result in more transformative power relations able to enhance a healthy democracy inspired by the capacity to do things and to transform individuals' attitudes and behaviours, as well as the institutional response to the sustainability crisis.

The need for environmental reporting for stakeholder decision making cannot be over emphasized, especially in the past two decades. This is a pilot study that investigates what environmental and sustainability information is reported in narrative, physical and monetary forms by two plant sites of a multinational mining firm operating in Ghana. The study combines the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the United Nations Division for Sustainability Development (UNDSD) models to benchmark the sustainability information found on the websites of the plant sites: Ahafo and Akyem. In all about 70 documents and webpages were examined. It was discovered that both sites mostly reported sustainability information in narratives. Quite a few sustainability physical measures are reported, especially by Ahafo site. There was limited information in monetary measures on all aspects of sustainability: economic, environmental and social. In addition, the plant sites differ in the content and detail...

Purpose Sustainability reporting serves as a means of communication between corporations and their stakeholders on sustainability issues. This study aims to identify and account for the contents of sustainability reporting communicated through the websites of the plants in five continents of the same multinational mining corporation. Design/methodology/approach This study uses data published by Newmont Mining Corporation. The corporation has regional headquarters in five continents: Africa, Asia, Australia and North America and South America. The data were drawn from the websites of the five plants adjacent to those regional headquarters. Economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainability as reported by each plant were identified; to do so, a disclosure analysis based on the elements of the Global Reporting Initiative and the United Nations Division for Sustainability Development was used. These aspects were then compared and contrasted to highlight if, and to what extent,...

The need for environmental reporting for stakeholder decision making cannot be over emphasized, especially in the past two decades. This is a pilot study that investigates what environmental and sustainability information is reported in narrative, physical and monetary forms by two plant sites of a multinational mining firm operating in Ghana. The study combines the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the United Nations Division for Sustainability Development (UNDSD) models to benchmark the sustainability information found on the websites of the plant sites: Ahafo and Akyem. In all about 70 documents and webpages were examined. It was discovered that both sites mostly reported sustainability information in narratives. Quite a few sustainability physical measures are reported, especially by Ahafo site. There was limited information in monetary measures on all aspects of sustainability: economic, environmental and social. In addition, the plant sites differ in the content and details of reports even though the websites had the same headings. The study recommends further research into how sustainability and environmental accounting information are gathered at these plant sites and how they are used in decision making.

Biodiversity underpins the supply of ecosystem services essential for well-being and economic development, yet biodiversity loss continues at a substantial rate. Linking biodiversity indicators with national economic accounts provides a means of mainstreaming biodiversity into economic planning and monitoring processes. Here we examine the various strategies for biodiversity indicators to be linked into national economic accounts, specifically the System of Environmental-Economic Accounts Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EEA) framework. We present what has been achieved in practice, using various case studies from across the world. These case studies demonstrate the potential of economic accounting as an integrating, mainstreaming framework that explicitly considers biodiversity. With the right indicators for the different components of biodiversity and scales of biological organisation, this can directly support more holistic economic planning approaches. This will be a significant step forward from relying on the traditional indicators of national economic accounts to guide national planning. It is also essential if society's objectives for biodiversity and sustainable development are to be met.

The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 - Applications and Extensions (SEEA Applications and Extensions) provides potential compilers and users of SEEA based environmental-economic accounts with material to show how this information can be used in decision-making, policy review and formulation, analysis and research. The SEEA Applications and Extensions provides a bridge between compilers and analysts allowing each to recognize both the potential uses and the related measurement considerations. The SEEA Applications and Extensions is a companion document to the SEEA Central Framework. The SEEA Central Framework was adopted as the initial international statistical standard for environmental – economic accounting in 2012. It is a multi-purpose, conceptual framework that describes the interactions between the economy and the environment, and the stocks and changes in stocks of environmental assets. This document provides some information that may be relevant in the prepara...

We examine the theoretical and practical aspects of accounting and valuing the ecosystem services of water provisioning, water filtration and water storage using the System of Environment-Economic Accounting (SEEA) and a case study from Central Highlands of Victoria Australia. We identify: (1) the ecosystem assets providing the ecosystem services, which is both the water body (e.g. lake or artificial reservoir) and surrounding land including the vegetation cover; (2) how these ecosystem services are used as inputs to the production of "Natural Water" as defined in the Central Product Classification used in the System of National Accounts and the SEEA, and; (3) value the ecosystem services using exchange values and the replacement cost method. We propose that for accounting purposes, the generation and use of the ecosystem services of water filtration and water provisioning is simultaneous for the water sources used for supplying water to the economy. The ecosystem service of water provisioning is equal to inflow of runoff and precipitation to reservoirs used by the water industry and recorded at the time of the inflow, not when the water is abstracted and supplied as the product "Natural Water" to households and business.

The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) is a framework integrating information from different sources with the aim of enabling better decision making by governments, business and others. Accounting allows a wide variety of data to be synthesised so that regular information and indicators are produced and can feed into decision-making processes. The accounting recognises that while there may be discrepancies between different data sources as well as data gaps, government and business must continually make decisions. Over time both the accounts and underlying data improves across the six dimensions of data qualityrelevance, accuracy, timeliness, accessibility, interpretability and coherence. In individual data sources the focus is mostly on accuracy (i.e. closeness of estimate to the real number) but accounting addresses all of the six dimensions and has particular strengths in timeliness, accessibility, interpretability and coherence providing data when it is needed in a consistent format. Using examples from high and low-income countries we describe how SEEA can improve information systems and data quality for decision making and distil lessons for the development of the European Shared Environmental Information System.

This research aimed to analyze the green accounting (GA) impact on financial performance (FP). The research question pertaining to this research will answer empirical investigation and analysis in the top 100 multinationals corporations. The research seeks to answer the questions: Does green accounting cost have an impact on financial performance in the top 100 multinationals corporations? Thus, secondary data and multiple regression analysis were employed in this research, such as CSR reports, sustainability reports, and financial statements. The selected corporations were 100 largest multinational corporations in the year 2018. Then, the green accounting used a proxy of the environmental cost (EC), while financial performance employed a proxy of Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). The finding of autonomous Green Accounting costs on financial performance has a negative relationship.

In recent years, the environment has become a global issue. The change in general awareness on corporate social responsibility awareness regarding environmental issues has put business accounting in businesses against challenges: how can accounting activities be performed on environmental factors? not only through the recording and reporting of financial information, but also to demonstrate the role of accountants as an effective tool for managers to administrate environmental issues within each economic unit. Environmental accounting has been worldly recognized as an effective solution to help businesses achieve sustainable business operations, which means both achieving economic benefits and protecting the environment. However, the practice of understanding and gradually applying environmental accounting in Vietnamese enterprises is still limited. This article studies the theory, firstly assessing the existence of traditional accounting system relating to environmental protection....

The purpose of this essay is to explore the possibility of including raw water, defined in the Integrated Reporting documents as a "natural capital" in the reporting of water utility companies (WUC). The <IR> retains an environmental report and requires it to be integrated with other parts of the <IR>, including the financial data. The focus of the study is not on the analysis of integrated reporting as a system, but on the analysis of its main components: natural capital (water in this case), the business model of water companies and the distribution of income through stakeholders using the rental approach. The main suppliers of capital and the holders of property rights, which give reasons for accepting the income in the case under consideration, are defined. Another task of the study is to provide an opportunity to easily integrate the raw water, being the main source of WUS's business model like natural capital with other capitals in the WUC's statement. Are presented models of reporting water as a natural capital in the balance sheet of WUC with economic (monetary) and social (non -monetary) components and sample water natural capital of WUC Balance sheet for practical use, and a model for the distribution of rental income. An option for income sharing through regulatory pricing has also been proposed.

This paper sheds further light on the role of quantification in corporate environmental disclosures. Quantification is an inherently social practice, which has attracted a fair amount of academic interest in recent years. At the same time, in the field of social and environmental accounting there is a paucity of research on quantification or the role it plays for organisations, for organisational communication and in societies more broadly. Accordingly, in this paper, we will draw on a qualitative case study to discuss the potential implications that might arise from the use of quantified information in corporate environmental disclosures. Our case study illustrates the diverse effects of quantification suggested in the prior literature by placing them in the context of corporate environmental disclosures. We discuss how quantification implies fake precisionism and promotes commensuration of incomparables, thereby limiting the discussion to themes and questions preferred by company ...

The financial performance of companies in the oil and gas sector tends to fluctuate over the years, with some years showing profits and others resulting in losses. This inconsistency of the financial performance has raised concerns about the reasons behind it. This study examines the influence of environmental and economic reporting on the financial performance of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria's downstream sector from 2013 to 2023. Using a panel research design, secondary data was gathered from the companies' annual reports. The sample includes nine companies in the downstream oil and gas industry. The key variables in this study are Environmental Reporting and Economic Reporting as independent variables, with Financial Performance (measured by Net Profit Margin) as the dependent variable. Firm Size is used as a control variable. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis with E-Views 12 software. The results indicate that environmental reporting has an insignificant effect, while economic reporting has a significant effect on the net profit margin of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. The study concludes that both environmental and economic reporting positively influence the net profit margin of these companies. It recommends that companies should comply with environmental regulations and focus on the interests of various stakeholders to improve their financial performance.

Firms have faced various challenges in maintaining optimal financial performance. One of the key concerns for investors is dividend policy, which shapes the views of different stakeholders regarding a company's profitability. Ongoing debates on this topic have raised questions about how dividend policy influences the financial performance of businesses. This study explored the relationship between dividend per share, dividend payout, and financial performance in the Nigerian industrial goods sector. The research follows an ex post facto design, focusing on twelve years from 2012 to 2023. The study targets a population of 13 listed industrial goods companies, selecting a sample of 10 firms to provide a representative overview of the sector. Dividend per share and dividend payout ratios are used as proxies to measure dividend policy, while return on assets serves as the measure for financial performance, with revenue included as a control variable. The findings indicated that dividend per share and dividend payout ratio had no statistically significant effect on the return on assets of the sampled firms. The study concludes that these dividend policies do not significantly impact the financial performance of the companies studied. The study recommended raising dividend payout ratios and offering training to appropriate personnel to improve the administration and management of dividend policies.

Corporate entities face the challenge of determining the optimal mix of equity and debt to maximize returns and firm value. This paper investigates the influence of capital structure on the financial performance of consumer goods companies in Nigeria. Utilizing secondary data from the annual financial reports of 21 sampled companies from 2013 to 2022, obtained from the Nigeria Stock Exchange website, the research employed a census sampling technique and an ex-post facto research design to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to test hypotheses. The study reveals a significant association between a firm's capital structure and its financial performance. Specifically, it finds that the total debt to total equity ratio, short-term debt to total assets ratio, and long-term debt to total assets ratio do not significantly impact the financial performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. It suggests that companies should prudently manage their equity and debt usage, as these factors profoundly affect corporate performance. Regulatory authorities are encouraged to foster a conducive business environment, particularly for capital-constrained firms, by facilitating access to long-term debt financing. This strategic approach can enhance operational capabilities and short-term performance, rather than resorting to short-term debt as a stopgap measure for financing and profitability issues.

Environmental Accounting Practices and Stakeholder Value of Selected Listed Companies in Nigeria The growing demands and expectations of the stakeholders have become an increasing burden for the management of companies to meet. Stakeholder value is concerned with all possibilities of creating the desired optimal level of returns for all stakeholders who have invested interests in an organization. The stakeholders' value has been discussed in the literature by different studies from different dimensions. According to Al-Jaifi (2020), the stakeholders' value is more broad-based than what many studies have considered. In comparison, some studies have seen the stakeholders' value to reflect the profit maximization and deliberate action of the management to pursue strategic actions and optimal investment decisions that have the propensity to consistently increase the economic value of using corporate resources and efforts to improve corporate stock prices which every interest group in the stake of the company will benefit from (Hussain, Slusarczyk, Kamarudin, Thaker & Azczepa, 2020). According to Hu, Du, and Zhang (2020), stakeholders' value is all about creating economic value and optimal benefits returns from the operational operations of the organization. Maundu (2020) argued that in the emerging literature, new attention has been shifted from shareholders' wealth maximization to stakeholders' value creation for the interest of the shareholders to more expanded and inclusive interests, including the interest of more stakeholders. The dominance of shareholders in the literature is gradually fading and less in popularity, giving way for now thinking of stakeholders' value. However, the problems of stakeholder value have been those of financial measures and adequate and appropriate metrics for a precise assessment and measure of stakeholder value. Studies by Akther and Xu (2020) and Aguguom and Ajayi (2020) have considered the problem of stakeholder's value from the perspective of extended demands of stakeholders, as the focus of stakeholders does not end in economic value but includes sustainability reporting, economic, social performance of the managers. Cosmulesea, Socoliuca, Ciubotariua, Mihailab, and Grosu (2019) opined that stakeholder value is a concerted effort of the management to make investment decisions capable of creating economic value for the collective interest of the multiple stakeholders. According to Al-Amin, Filho, and Kabir (2018), stakeholder value emerged from the understanding that the lopsided objective of shareholders dominating interest is harmful to the other stakeholders, the society, and the environment. The short-term profit maximization and shareholders' wealth maximization dominate the interest of the managers to such an extent that other stakeholders have been disadvantaged. The major concern and problem of this study is stakeholder value, while the study attempts to address the problem of environmental value with effective environmental accounting practice. A few researchers noted that while the

Environmental Accounting Practices and Stakeholder Value of Selected Listed Companies in Nigeria The growing demands and expectations of the stakeholders have become an increasing burden for the management of companies to meet. Stakeholder value is concerned with all possibilities of creating the desired optimal level of returns for all stakeholders who have invested interests in an organization. The stakeholders' value has been discussed in the literature by different studies from different dimensions. According to Al-Jaifi (2020), the stakeholders' value is more broad-based than what many studies have considered. In comparison, some studies have seen the stakeholders' value to reflect the profit maximization and deliberate action of the management to pursue strategic actions and optimal investment decisions that have the propensity to consistently increase the economic value of using corporate resources and efforts to improve corporate stock prices which every interest group in the stake of the company will benefit from (Hussain, Slusarczyk, Kamarudin, Thaker & Azczepa, 2020). According to Hu, Du, and Zhang (2020), stakeholders' value is all about creating economic value and optimal benefits returns from the operational operations of the organization. Maundu (2020) argued that in the emerging literature, new attention has been shifted from shareholders' wealth maximization to stakeholders' value creation for the interest of the shareholders to more expanded and inclusive interests, including the interest of more stakeholders. The dominance of shareholders in the literature is gradually fading and less in popularity, giving way for now thinking of stakeholders' value. However, the problems of stakeholder value have been those of financial measures and adequate and appropriate metrics for a precise assessment and measure of stakeholder value. Studies by Akther and Xu (2020) and Aguguom and Ajayi (2020) have considered the problem of stakeholder's value from the perspective of extended demands of stakeholders, as the focus of stakeholders does not end in economic value but includes sustainability reporting, economic, social performance of the managers. Cosmulesea, Socoliuca, Ciubotariua, Mihailab, and Grosu (2019) opined that stakeholder value is a concerted effort of the management to make investment decisions capable of creating economic value for the collective interest of the multiple stakeholders. According to Al-Amin, Filho, and Kabir (2018), stakeholder value emerged from the understanding that the lopsided objective of shareholders dominating interest is harmful to the other stakeholders, the society, and the environment. The short-term profit maximization and shareholders' wealth maximization dominate the interest of the managers to such an extent that other stakeholders have been disadvantaged. The major concern and problem of this study is stakeholder value, while the study attempts to address the problem of environmental value with effective environmental accounting practice. A few researchers noted that while the

Ecosystem accounting provides a comprehensive and integrated framework for organizing information on ecosystems’ assets, services, and capital that directly address the purpose of sustainable development. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of type of actors on ecosystem accounting system using structural equations. The research was applied in terms of goal and causal regarding the type of research. The Study population included 84 activists in the field of environmental accounting (ecosystem), related to the period of 2017-2018, selected through convenience sampling. Subjects filled the 22-item questionnaire of components of actor network and the 25-item questionnaire of ecosystem accounting. According to the results, the main actors affecting the ecosystem accounting in the order of priority of each actor in this study were: in political-social actors, cultural organizations. In Technical actors, accountants. In organizational actors, research institutions. In economic actors,...

This study examines the effect of board diversity on the financial performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The motivation for the study lies in the increased quest to establish the most appropriate board with the optimum mix needed to guarantee the absence of corporate failure. The study comprises of 64 listed manufacturing firms as at 31st December 2020, and sample size of 20 listed manufacturing firms were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained from annual reports of the selected firms from 2011 to 2020. Descriptive statistics and panel regression estimation techniques were used to analyze the data collected. The findings shown that board diversity has an insignificant effect on performance except for financial expertise diversity with a positive effect on financial performance, and there is a presence of long run relationship with firm performance. Based on these findings, the study therefore concludes that diversity on the board in terms of gender...

Tomou-se como objetivo do estudo em tela identificar se indicadores produzidos a partir de métricas contábeis são estatisticamente significativos para prever o tipo de parecer produzido pelo controle externo como sendo "pela aprovação" ou "pela rejeição" das prestações de contas. Utilizou-se uma abordagem metodológica empírico-analítica na qual a procedeu-se a técnica de coleta de dados, tratamento e análise quantitativa e a validação da prova científica buscada através de testes dos instrumentos, grau de significância e sistematização das definições operacionais. Concluiu-se por meio da análise dos resultados que há a possibilidade real de indicadores produzidos a partir de métricas contábeis de municípios a serem utilizados para prever o tipo de parecer produzido pelo controle externo como sendo "pela aprovação" ou "pela rejeição" das prestações de contas, que na pesquisa apontou para indicadores ligados a proporção de gastos corrente nas receitas auferidas pelos municípios e o peso das dívidas consolidadas sobre essas mesmas receitas.

In recent years, the society has increased the pressure on institutions to improve their social and environmental efforts, in addition to economic considerations in decision-making and internal behavior. This study analyzes the applicability of socio-environmental management tools in the health care sector through the partial application of the Environmental Management Accounting System called SICOGEA -Generation 3. This is an investigative and descriptive case study conducted at the Vision Institute (São Paulo Institute of Studies and Research in Ophthalmology, Brazil), where information was collected through semi-structured interviews. The results demonstrated that the studied institution has a level of general sustainability of 22.4%, which is considered "Weak." This means that although it conducts certain initiatives for environmental management, the institution may be causing damage to the environment.

The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of financial performance and liquidity on sustainability reporting of selected quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study was quantitative and the expo facto research design was used, and data were collected from annual reports and accounts of ten (10) quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria over a period of five (5) years (2017-2021). The study employed the panel regression models in analyzing the data obtained. The findings of the research indicated that financial performance and liquidity have a significant effect on the sustainability reporting of selected quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study concluded that financial performance and liquidity play a vital role in the level of sustainability reporting of manufacturing firms. This study recommended that organizations should constantly monitor and measure their financial strength and liquidity level which is a key determinant of robust sustainability reporting.

در این مقاله تنها بر دوتا از موضوعاتی که سینگر در موردشان عمیقا کار کرده، تمرکز می‌کنیم: یکی اخلاق محیط زیست، و دیگری دیگردوستی موثر. هردو ایده در ایران امروز جای جدی گرفتن بسیار دارند.

سینگر در مقدمه نسخه فارسی کتاب دیگردوستی موثر؛ رساندن بیشترین خیر چگونه فهم ما را از زندگی اخلاقی تغییر می‌دهد (ترجمه آرمین نیاکان با مقدمه‌هایی از مصطفی ملکیان و محمدرضا جلایی‌پور، تهران: نشر نی، ۱۴۰۰)  می‌نویسد «دیگردوستی موثر هم یک ایده است، هم سبکی از زندگی که در حال رایج شدن در سراسر دنیاست» و او قصد نگارش کتاب را دفاع عقلانی از این ایده معرفی می‌کند. سینگر تاکید می‌کند که هر فردی به تنهایی قدرتی دارد.  درست است که دنیا دفعتا در جهت مطلوب تغییر نمی‌کند، ولی این بدان معنا نیست که هرکدام از ما به عنوان فرد نمی‌توانیم به نوبه خود دنیا را در جهت خیر تغییر دهیم. برای این‌کار هرکسی در درجه اول لازم است بر خیری که شخصا می‌رساند تمرکز کند، و انرژی‌اش را در مسائلی که حلشان در امکانات او نیست بیش از حد خرج نکند. (ص.۷)
از نکاتی دیگری که در این مقاله بدان اشاره خواهد شد آنست که در فلسفه اخلاق فایده‌گرایانه پیتر سینگر، «کاهش دادن رنج، چه در انسان و چه در حیوانات مطلوب است، حتی اگر از بین بردن برخی رنج‌ها فعلا ممکن نباشد.»  تفاوت مهم سینگر با فایده‌باوران کلاسیک در آن است که او موجودات ذی‌شعور یا ادراک‌پذیر  (مشخصا حیوانات)، را همچون انسان داخل از فرمول اخلاقی می‌کند؛ یعنی لزوم کاهش درد و رنج حیوانات را مانند کاهش درد و رنج انسان‌ها، داخل فرمول اخلاقی می‌‌داند. ذی‌شعور یا ادراک‌پذیر بودن در نظر سینگر مستلزم داشتن درجه‌ای از «قدرت آینده‌نگرى و برنامه‌ریزى بلندمدت» است که به عقیده او میان بسیاری حیوانات و انسان مشترک است.  این بخش از اندیشه او به سبب نتایج عملی‌اش البته از دید کسانی که مایل نیستند به شیوه مورد توصیه سینگر گیاه‌خوار باشند قدری مناقشه‌انگیز است. (در این زمینه همچنین بنگرید به میثم بادامچی، «حیوان‌شهر؛ درباره‌ی شهروندی و حقوق حیوانات»، آسو، ۱۹ آوریل ۲۰۲۱؛ و نیز  میثم بادامچی، «حیوانات؛ شهر به آنها نیز تعلق دارد»، رادیوزمانه، ۴ مرداد ۱۴۰۰)

چنانکه خواهیم دید تشویق به کم‌خرجی و استفاده مجدد از هر چیزى که بتوان با تعمیر مورد استفاده دوباره قرار داد در راستای به حداقل رساندن آلاینده‌ها و تخریب طبیعت زیست، بر خلاف منطق مصرفی نظام سرمایه‌داری، مورد تاکید پیتر سینگر در آثارش است.

La presente obra, cuyos autores me conceden el honor de prologar, pro-
pone una reflexión en torno a la concepción multifacética de la contabilidad,
dentro de las tendencias contemporáneas de su utilidad para aportar al logro
de un desarrollo sustentable, que privilegia al medio ambiente y a la riqueza
natural, su conservación y preservación, relacionado con la responsabilidad
socioambiental, que atañe a todos los integrantes de los grupos de interés de las organizaciones, como de los territorios.
El primer capítulo presenta una discusión que aborda la ética ambien-
tal, la cual corresponde a privilegiar la sustentabilidad sobre la sostenibilidad, dentro de los niveles de materialidad que se enfatizan en la gestión de las organizaciones. Destaca la propuesta investigativa en procurar convertir a la materialidad en un principio esencial direccionado por un enfoque sustentable, “que conserve la riqueza natural y evalúe las externalidades a partir de los impactos”, como los que se generan producto del cambio climático, los cuales involucran a las dinámicas, sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales de los países y el planeta.
El segundo capítulo desarrolla un análisis de los tributos ambientales
aplicables a la contaminación ambiental dentro del sector textil, en el marco
del estándar Global Reporting Initiative GRI 306: Gestión de Residuos, para
demostrar que la implantación de cargas tributarias podría ayudar a disminuir la huella ecológica del sector textil, y proponer la necesidad de que el Estado/ Gobierno implemente políticas fiscales que incentiven procesos industriales que aporten al logro del desarrollo sustentable/sostenible, dentro de una gestión organizacional ambientalmente responsable.
Por su parte, el capítulo tercero despliega un interesante análisis sobre
el requerimiento del Estándar GRI 207: Impuestos y su relación con la corres-
pondencia de la información sobre fiscalidad dentro de los informes de sostenibilidad, en la procura de que las entidades sean socialmente responsables, comunicando con transparencia sus impactos de justicia social y promoviendo el bienestar de todos los integrantes de los stakeholders. Todo lo anterior, en correspondencia de la funcionalidad de la “nueva contabilidad”, concebida como una ciencia moral, social y aplicada, que exponga respuestas humanizadas entorno a la protección de la vida en todas sus formas (Biocentrismo), desde la sustentabilidad de la riqueza natural.
Dentro del capítulo cuarto se verifican los aspectos a tener presente en el
Estándar GRI 306 Cumplimiento Ambiental, respecto a la revelación de la información dentro de los informes de sostenibilidad, relacionados a los impactos ambientales resultantes de la gestión de los residuos sólidos. Se recomienda el cumplimiento estricto de los estándares GRI e IFRS S1/S2, complementando con las consideraciones éticas a tener en cuenta para la emisión de los informes de sostenibilidad, y a implantar prácticas ambientales sustentables en las entidades, para mitigar las externalidades generadas que perjudiquen la conservación y preservación de la riqueza ecológica, con la seguridad de avanzar en la competitividad organizacional.
Por último, en el capítulo 5 titulado: “Medición de la Competitividad
Agroindustrial en el departamento del Caquetá”, se enuncian los resultados  de un estudio aplicado en 126 entidades, que esboza la metodología para “construir una aproximación de indicador de competitividad de las empresas agroindustriales en el departamento del Caquetá”, cuyo resultado es la presentación de un indicador de medición de competitividad para aplicar en las empresas del sector mencionado, que con seguridad, servirá de fundamento para la identificación y comprensión de las dinámicas ambientales, sociales y económicas/financieras del sector agroindustrial.
En este orden de ideas, se recomienda el estudio completo del libro titulado “Contabilidad con Sentido”, por su valioso aporte investigativo logrado
por docentes, estudiantes y graduados de la Universidad de la Amazonia con
la colaboración del sector productivo, que servirá como insumo para la formulación de futuros proyectos de investigación, y la propuesta de una reflexión y visión prospectiva, que aboga por la sustentabilidad desde los propósitos de las contabilidades emergentes, matizado por la responsabilidad profesional de defensa del interés público, cumpliendo con ética, integridad, transparencia y legalidad, en la emisión de los informes de sostenibilidad.

Autores: Gonsalves, Renaldo; Belli, Juarez Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los impactos del COVID-19 en el desempeño financiero de una empresa brasileña del sector del cartón ondulado (a la que llamaremos empresaX), considerando las transformaciones en el mercado durante y después de la pandemia. Para esto, fueron utilizados métodos de análisis financiero de balances contables en panel y un modelo econométrico basado en el abordaje "Estructura-Conducta-Desempeño" (E-C-D), permitiendo evaluar la relación y la evolución de los ingresos operativos de la empresa. Los resultados indican que la pandemia impulsó significativamente la demanda por el producto, alterando la estructura del mercado, y aumentando el ingreso bruto. Un modelo econométrico resultó eficaz para predecir los cambios en los ingresos de la empresa y se utilizó para medir las transformaciones observadas.

This paper explores the impact of technological innovation on the quality of the environment during the period 1985-2014, using the environmental footprint (EF) as an environmental proxy for selected Asian nations. The findings show that technological innovation in relation to EF is negative and significant, indicating that a one-point increase in technological change leads to a decrease of 0.097 per cent in environmental deterioration. In addition, the granger causality test Dumitrescu-Hurlin (DH) indicated that technological advancement has a bi-directional relation with EF. Moreover, the study of variance decomposition showed that EF is strongly influenced by technological innovation. The policy implications of this study suggest that leveraging policy instruments and incentives should be pursued to improve technological innovation toward ensuring a sustainable environment.

The quest for sustainability has compelled the leadership of many firms to embrace proenvironmental practices. Environmental Management Accounting helps lower environmental impacts through informed decisions made on costs related to materials and energy. This study is grounded in an Institutional perspective that is utilized to empirically test the environmental management accounting practices adopted by the manufacturing firms operating in China. Structural equation modeling is employed to test the path model relationships among various constructs of the study. The framework employs the three institutional forces, normative pressure, coercive pressure, and mimetic pressures, as antecedents of environmental management accounting directly and through the mediating mechanism of environmental strategy. The moderating impacts of top management support and environmental uncertainty are also taken into account. Survey data was collected from 249 Chinese manufacturing firms. The results demonstrated the significant central role of environmental strategy that fully mediates the relationships between institutional pressures and EMA implementation with the maximum impact of coercive pressures. The central role of leadership in curtailing superficial efforts was revealed through the moderating results of top management support, and the sparingly tested environmental uncertainty over mimetic pressures was also confirmed. The findings present sound and interesting practical and theoretical implications for the management and leadership of the organizations.

The major objective of this paper is to stress a role of environmental accounting in developing management’s strategic initiatives in the field of environmental protection. The socially responsible behavior of a company implies undertaking various activities for prevention, removal and minimizing the harmful effects on the environment. Such a responsible strategic approach ultimately leads to numerous cost savings, improvement in profitability and reputation and finally enables corporate sustainable development. In order to achieve its goal, this research will be methodologically based on the qualitative approach of published articles’ content analysis and the analysis of corporate practice in designing environmental accounting systems that allow better identification and control of costs and benefits related to environmental protection activities. Analysis of different accounting practices in producing financial and nonfinancial environmental information requires distinction betwee...

Background: One of the most important challenges in the business world is environmental performance and how to disclose it. Companies interested in disclosing environmental information try to present their information to users transparently comprehensibly. One of the most recent reports that can provide environmental information transparently and cover the criticisms of green accounting, which was presented as an independent report, is integrated reporting. Methods: In the present study, the green accounting model in integrated reporting is prepared with a critical approach. This model was developed qualitatively and the multi-grounded theory method was used. Results: Accordingly, among the selected texts and interviews with 20 experts in the field of accounting and auditing, the relevant concepts and categories were extracted and by categorizing and linking the categories, the desired model including causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, core category or...

The study investigates the effect of financial statements on shareholders' investment decisions making in Nigerian stock market. The main type of data used in this study is secondary; sourced from the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact Book for a period of 17 years (from 1998-2014). The regression analysis of the least square is the estimation technique employed in this study. The findings revealed that return on investment (ROI), dividend per share (DPS) earnings per share (EPS), leverage and liquidity had significant positive effect on investment decision. The study recommends that shareholders are to mak e proper investigation about the financial status of the company of their choice before making investment decisions. They should consult financial analysts so as to be properly guided when making investment decision.

The purpose of this research is to gather empirical evidence about the effect of green accounting and environmental performance on profitability, either separately or concurrently. The population in this study consists of 107 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the mining sector and the goods industry sector consumption. Purposive sampling with criteria set to produce 77 observational data was used to sample as much as possible. In this study, data was gathered through documentation in the form of annual reports and company sustainability reports. Based on the findings of the research, it is possible to conclude that, while the use of green accounting is voluntary, its impact on profitability is greater than that of environmental performance. The implications of this research explain how the company can improve environmental cost efficiency so that it can be used as the basis for the company's consideration before determining the expected level of profitability.