English History

Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di delineare i rapporti tra l’ambasciatore inglese a Venezia, Henry Wotton, e la società veneziana durante i primi decenni del Seicento. Il diplomatico, teoricamente limitato nei contatti privati con esponenti del patriziato della Serenissima, riuscì a inserirsi nelle dinamiche politiche e sociali della Repubblica, sfruttando i comuni orientamenti giurisdizionalistici: l’analisi dei dispacci, delle udienze dell’ambasciatore in Collegio e degli scritti di Gregorio Barbarigo, uno degli esponenti del gruppo di uomini vicino a Paolo Sarpi, ha permesso di far emergere questo sistema di relazioni. Si è ritenuto di dividere la ricerca in due parti: nella prima si sono definite le posizioni dell’inglese in merito alla contesa tra la chiesa di Roma e il potere temporale, nella seconda quelle di Barbarigo attraverso l’analisi di un suo manoscritto inedito, conservato nell’archivio del doge Leonardo Donà, e della sua corrispondenza, sia diplomatica che privata.

EN- Edward II (d.1327) is often regarded as one of the most controversial kings in English history, both in the Late Middle Ages and in contemporary discussions. A key reason for this controversy lies in his ascension to the throne after the death of his father, Edward I. Edward I had crafted a formidable image as a strong ruler, and his son struggled to meet the high expectations that came with it. This disconnection is clearly reflected in 14th-century English historiography, which emphasizes the perceived failures of Edward II’s reign. Throughout his tumultuous 20-year reign, Edward II twice led England into civil war, suffered major military defeats against Scotland and France, and was frequently criticized for his reliance on unpopular courtiers. Ultimately, he became the first English king to be deposed since the Norman Conquest of 1066. His downfall was unprecedented, as it stemmed from internal conflicts. Even playwright William Shakespeare, writing two centuries later, noted that "The breath of worldly men cannot depose the deputy elected by the Lord." reflecting a sentiment shared by 14th-century historians who wrestled with the legitimacy of his removal. As a result, there was a concerted effort among English writers to justify the dethronement of a king they believed had been divinely appointed. The narratives and arguments that emerged during this period will be the main focus of this research. By examining these, we aim to clarify the unique circumstances surrounding the deposition of a legitimate king—an event that was quite rare in medieval England.

Author: Joan Brown
Publisher: CBE International

Joan Brown traces the chronology of the “extraordinary call,” the condition under which women could be permitted to preach in exception to what was understood as the Pauline rule that women “ought not to teach” (1 Tim 2:12).

ocument collections from later medieval monastic communities, including those of thirteenth-century foundations for Cisterican nuns provide considerable evidence for powerful secular women, feudal "Lady/Lords" of northern France. 1 In fact, the first half of the thirteenth century saw a major surge in foundations for Cistercian nuns, although their story is only now beginning to be told. 2 The existence of such Cistercian women' s documents had been neglected in part because traditional monastic histories had long asserted that there were no Cistercian nuns, or at least very few. 3 The story of those new foundations for religious women is intimately tied to that of the power and authority of thirteenth-century secular women, who were often the founders and patrons of medieval women's religious communities. From among the many thirteenth-century Lady/Lords uncovered in my work on Cistercian nuns, I examine here the careers of five women, who were all named Matilda. Although all of these Matildas had access 1.

Two testamentary documents relating to Caroline Sanderson have survived: firstly, a will proved in the diocese of York and held by The Borthwick Institute; secondly, a will abstract published by the Bank of England. The information contained in them is of considerable use in identifying her family and some of her connections, since there appeared to be no obvious link to Rotherham or to any of the many Sanderson branches around South Yorkshire. Several family members are mentioned by name.

The information contained in the will is of particular value for its use in identifying some what are ostensibly quite disparate family links, which included a famous locomotive designer and a mayor of London.

Family History Methods is an extension of the Dating Antique Photographs Project, which started in 2024. It not only aims to provide members of the public with the skills necessary to succeed in family history research, such as dating old photographs and searching for records but to give their research historical relevance. The goal is to advance family history as a vehicle for historical inquiry, given its potential to motivate academic research. To fulfil this aim, the project's workshops and handbook are designed to guide members of the public in identifying how their family history research can contribute to knowledge in ways that interest people outside their family and show the variety of outlets available to present their research. Brandon Taylorian, the Project Lead, will explain during the workshops how his family history research has led him to produce academic journal articles and other publications that have contributed to knowledge.

Niedawno zaprezentowane zostały kolejne wyniki projektu „Dynastia i społeczeństwo państwa Piastów w świetle zintegrowanych badań historycznych, antropologicznych i genomicznych” kierowanego przez prof. Marka Figlerowicza. Tym razem informują nas one o genetycznych cechach przedstawicieli dynastii Piastów, których udało się przebadać w ramach tego projektu. Łącznie przebadano 33 osoby, w tym 30 mężczyzn i 3 kobiety. U 7 mężczyzn stwierdzono haplogrupę Y-dna R1b, u 4 R1a, u 2 R1.
W niniejszej prezentacji przedstawiono koncepcję wyjaśnienia o odkrytych faktów, stawiając przypuszczenie, że w Polsce XII wieku pojawiła się nowa dynastia władców pochodzenia brytyjskiego, funkcjonująca równolegle do dynastii Piastów, której potomkowie przejęli następnie dominującą rolę w rządach nad krajem.

In 2020, Tony Tibbles published his account of the Watt owners/occupants of Speke Hall, bringing together in one place what was commonly known, had been already published and asserted in print, and attempting to summarise and evaluate it. He concluded that some items seem apocryphal but there is not enough concrete data to confirm or refute them, that Richard Watt may (or may not) have been a relative of Robert Watt, living in Shevington, but that lack of a baptismal record denies us the opportunity to establish Richard's parenthood. There is more.

Piastowie nie pochodzili z Wysp Brytyjskich, ale panująca w Polsce od XII wieku dynastia być może tak. Najstarsze przebadane szczątki z „brytyjską” haplogrupą datowane są bowiem dopiero na początek XII wieku, a prócz nich przebadano również inne, prawdopodobnie starsze, z haplogrupą Y-DNA R1a, z subkladami typowymi dla słowiańskich mieszkańców Polski (R-M458). Natomiast „brytyjska” haplogrupa R1b rzeczywiście pojawiła się, przynajmniej w mazowieckiej linii „Piastów”. Oznaczać by to mogło, że nie pierwsi Piastowie, tylko m.in. ostatni samodzielni władcy Mazowsza i Kujaw, ale także królowie Władysław Łokietek i Kazimierz Wielki, byliby przedstawicielami tej nowej linii władców Polski.

Domesday to America, Volume II: The Colonization of America and the Great Companies of London
by Patrick Allen Payne

This volume continues the investigative trajectory of Domesday to America, tracing the genealogical and historical journey of the Payne family from medieval England to colonial America. Focusing on the 16th and 17th centuries, the work explores the extensive commercial, political, and familial networks that influenced the migration of the Paynes and their allied families. Drawing on thousands of primary sources—including Patent Rolls, wills, Visitations, maritime records, and proprietary land grants—this study presents a fully referenced, narrative-based lineage that situates the Paynes within the merchant elite, religious reform circles, and the administrative apparatus of the early modern Atlantic world.

Key themes include the role of the Virginia and Bermuda Companies, the socio-political impact of the Earl of Southampton’s patronage, and deep genealogical ties between the Paynes of Leicestershire, Suffolk, Norfolk, Jersey, and Gloucestershire with major colonial agents such as Sir Walter Ralegh, Sir Francis Drake, Thomas Smythe, and Capt. Ralph Lane. Special attention is given to figures such as Henry Payne of the Sea Venture, Francis Payne, a formerly enslaved man who purchased his freedom in Maryland, and the contested ancestry of early Virginia settlers like John Payne of Westmoreland County.

The volume provides a compelling reassessment of the so-called “Lost Colony” at Roanoke, proposing that the presence of Henry and Rose Payne in the 1587 voyage suggests interrelated colonial planning among gentry families. This work bridges documentary genealogy and Atlantic history, arguing that the Payne family’s story exemplifies the entanglement of kinship, enterprise, and empire during the colonization of North America. Heavily annotated and richly contextualized, this volume serves both as a genealogical case study and a model for lineage-based historical scholarship.

Domesday to America: Introduction to a Genealogical and Dynastic Inquiry into the PAYNE Family and Their Norman Origins
Patrick A. Payne

This introductory volume of the Domesday to America Project sets the stage for a sweeping prosopographical investigation into the Payne family, tracing its origins from pre-Conquest Normandy through England, Ireland, and into the Anglo-colonial world. Through deep historical and genealogical analysis, the work argues that the Paynes—under variant spellings such as Payn, Paynel, Pagan, Fitz-Payn, and Paganel—did not constitute isolated surname clusters but rather formed a multi-century dynastic network. This network was bound by landholding, royal service, marriage alliances, and embedded social functions within both noble and merchant classes.

The author challenges long-standing assumptions that these families are unconnected and instead proposes that many Paynes descended from pre-Conquest Romanized or Celtic families native to Normandy—families that were "Normanized" rather than Viking in origin. The manuscript traces possible ancestral lines from the Roman pagus structure, linking these to families known by names like Paganus, Paynel, and Fitz-Payn, and demonstrates their recurrent presence in Domesday Book and subsequent English administrative, ecclesiastical, and military records.

With a focus on figures such as Ranulf the Moneyer, Payn de Roet (father-in-law of Geoffrey Chaucer and associated with John of Gaunt), and the 14th-century Chief Butler of England, John Payn, the work establishes the foundation for understanding the Paynes not only as retainers but as participants in transgenerational networks that bridged England’s aristocratic, clerical, and commercial worlds. The study incorporates evidence from medieval charters, land grants, DNA surname projects (R1b), and manuscript custodianship to substantiate the continuity of Payne influence.

This introduction presents the guiding hypothesis that the Paynes functioned within a tightly intermarried circle of families—Butler, Fitz-John, Lacy, Clare, Tiptoft, Chaucer, and others—whose descendants helped populate and shape the early Atlantic colonies. Rather than seeing their name as a coincidence of language, the Domesday to America Project approaches the Payne surname as a dynastic signature, one that encodes the story of a forgotten but vital political, religious, and economic lineage stretching from Normandy to the founding of America.

Исторические, культурные, межнациональные, религиозные и политические связи Крыма со Средиземноморским регионом и странами Востока: Материалы IX Международной научной конференции (Севастополь, 2–7 июня 2025 г.) / Отв. ред. Ю.А. Пронина; ред.-сост. Н.В. Гинькут. – М.: ИВ РАН, 2025. – Т. 1. – С. 193–198.

Karashayski K.M. English Mercenaries and Byzantine Rule on the Bosporos in the Late 11th and Early 12th Century

On 2 February 1825, through the signing of a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation with the United Provinces of the River Plate (present-day Argentina), the United Kingdom officially recognized for the first time the independence of a Spanish American nation. The community of English, Irish, Scottish and Welsh in Argentina soon became the largest expat community outside the British Empire. This five-day online conference aims to encourage a rethinking of 200 years of Anglo-Argentine relations by foregrounding new research that acknowledges the existence of a wider Hispanic-Anglosphere to explore a history of common endeavours that may both challenge and bring new light on topics of conflict and sovereignty that have dominated discussions since the Malvinas/Falklands War. Indeed, this will be the first conference in living memory in the UK to look into Anglo-Argentine relations beyond the scope of the South Atlantic conflict. Organized by the Modern History Research Centre at the University of Winchester and the Hispanic-Anglosphere project, the conference looks to foster reflection on topics capable of informing policies on pressing present-day issues such as international trade, freedom of expression, migration and equal access to resources in learning, housing, healthcare, sports and the protection of biodiversity.

In 2005, during excavations of the monastic cemetery at Auldhame, in Anglian Northumbria, not far from present-day Berwick, 5 burials were distinct from the rest. These graves could be dated to a approximately a century after the monastic settlement had abandoned the site at Auldhame and relocated, presumably to Tyningham, prompted by increasing Viking incursions. Two of the individuals in the burials, who may have been killed in a single incident, had evidently suffered mortal skull wounds inflicted by a large sharp object. These wounds are not likely the result of a gardening accident. According to AOC archaeology group project manager Anne Crone, "one was quite an elderly individual, so it is easy to speculate that these were monks killed in the attack." To my knowledge, the bone lesions have not been studied with a view to determining the size and nature of the offending implement, though the excavators suspected an axe, the Viking weapon of choice. Photo: <https /the-sacking-of-auldhame.htm>

«En tant que plus ancien monarque britannique, [la reine Elisabeth II] a réussi à personnifier le lien entre le passé et le présent de la nation. Ce faisant, elle en est venue à jouer le rôle d'un monarque contre-culturel.» (Frank Furedi) «Ce n'est pas parce que la consommation excessive d'alcool peut avoir des conséquences médicales qu'elle constitue un problème médical.» (Dr Michael Fitzpatrick) «Quand on dit continuellement aux cyclistes que leur mode de transport sauve l'humanité de la catastrophe, il n'est pas étonnant que tant d'entre eux soient des connards agaçants.» (Brendan O'Neill) «Cette fermeture ne concerne pas que les cendres volcaniques. L'interdiction des vols est un produit de la pensée apocalyptique des autorités, qui imaginent toujours que le pire scénario se réalisera.» (Frank Furedi) «Demander à ExxonMobil de cesser de financer les groupes climato-sceptiques c'est en réalité revendiquer que ces groupes soient réduits au silence.» (Rob Lyons) «La panique du sida est désormais soutenue par l'argument selon lequel "Nous ne savons pas ce qui pourrait arriver dans le futur, mais nous ne pouvons pas être trop prudents". Selon cette logique, tout le monde devrait rester chez soi au cas où il se ferait écraser par un bus, ou peut-être, on ne sait jamais, frapper par une météorite.» (Michael Fitzpatrick, 1992) «Les partisans d'Al-Qaïda sur les campus-et alors ? S'il y a un endroit où les gens devraient être testés et provoqués par toutes sortes d'idées, c'est bien l'université.» (Tim Black) «Les militants hostiles à la visite du pape ont plus en commun avec les inquisiteurs fanatiques d'autrefois qu'avec les humanistes libéraux éclairés.» (Frank Furedi) «Les campagnes publicitaires des Verts visent à effrayer les adultes et à transformer les enfants en des espions qui surveilleraient leurs mères comme durant la période maoïste1.» (Rob Lyons) «Lier le poids à la santé permet de généraliser un sentiment de risque à l'ensemble de la population […] l'influence des professionnels de la santé s'étend des malades aux bienportants, et il devient clair que l'obsession de l'obésité fournit un mécanisme permettant d'imposer une discipline à l'ensemble de la société.» (Michael Fitzpatrick, 1998) «Ce ne sont pas les militants du RCP qui ont infiltré le Parti conservateur, mais plutôt les conservateurs qui ont infiltré le RCP» (blague attribuée à Munira Mirza)

Willy van Ryckeghem The Norman family of Varenne played a major role in the early years after the invasion of England in 1066. Once in England, they changed their name to Warenne, which over time became Warren, now one of the most frequent family names in North America. I.

Aelred of Rievaulx (d. 1167) wrote about 200 sermons, says his biographer, Walter Daniel. (The CCCM edition includes 213 in three volumes). Many are plain, many are boring. He often writes out large sections from patristic and medieval texts. Sometimes he recycles his own sermons and writings. Composing sermons for the church calendar can be an onerous task. 1 But an abbot whose soporific preaching left his monks bored and indifferent was not doing his job, at least not that part of it. Alongside teaching, he needed to move them from spiritual torpor to fervor, stir the love and the fear of God, and rouse enthusiasm for the faith. 2 His Sermon 68 for Pentecost stands out notably. 3 It is decidedly a prophetic sermon. Aelred gave much thought to that sermon type. His thirty-one "Homilies on the

In 1553 an English Expedition launched by King James and Sebastian Cabot to search for a framed northeast passage through the Arctic Circle to China unexpectedly washed ashore on the icy coast of the White Sea in northern Russia.  It was Russia's first contact with a Western trade expedition and would have dire consequences for the course of European and world history for centuries to come

The charter known as S221 survives in a single-sheet original, held in the British Library under the shelfmark Cotton Charter VIII.27. Issued in 901 for the church community of Much Wenlock, it records several grants and exchanges of land. In his now-ubiquitous handbook that supplies the charter its identifying number, Peter Sawyer describes it as being issued by ‘Æthelred and Æthelflæd, rulers of Mercia’. This makes it one of the few charters that can be (or is usually) directly connected to the reign of Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians (d.918) in the early tenth century.

This article discusses the shared content of three interrelated astronomical manuscripts from late medieval Italy, arguing that certain elements of this shared content trace their origins to Maghribī sources. This includes two tables of geographic coordinates with a pronounced focus on locations in North Africa as well as a gnomonic table for the latitude of Tunis. One of the coordinate tables is known to resemble an Arabic table in a zīj by Ibn al-Raqqām, who was active in Tunis, Béjaïa, and Granada in the period 1280-1315. It will be argued that a likely explanation of this knowledge transfer lies in the documented mercantile and diplomatic contacts between the Republic of Venice and Ḥafṣid Tunisia in the decades around 1300.

The historical rivalry between Frederic Madden and Anthony Panizzi, two pivotal figures in the development of the British Museum Library in the 19th century. The piece delves into their contrasting visions for the library’s future, with Madden, a paleographer and keeper of manuscripts, advocating for a focus on historical manuscripts, while Panizzi, an Italian émigré and librarian, pushed for a more comprehensive, accessible national library. Highlights how their personal and professional conflicts shaped the institution, particularly Panizzi’s eventual triumph in implementing his innovative cataloging system and expanding the library’s scope. The article underscores the lasting impact of their clash on modern librarianship, drawing parallels to contemporary debates over information access and preservation.

O estudo é resultado da vivência jurídica do autor no campo da responsabilidade civil, buscando trazer diretrizes para os conflitos decorrentes da circulação de veículos. Conforme o esquema da programação da obra, justifica o autor a destinação da obra para os diferentes ramos de atuação dos operadores de direito, com o ideal de abordar, de forma ampla, crítica e contundente, vários tópicos decorrentes e relativos ao acidente de trânsito. Em suma, encontra-se no livro a ciência aberta e atual do direito no tratamento dos acidentes de trânsito, cujas ocorrências aumentam em todos os recantos do País, gerando o deslinde dúvidas, debates e controvérsias. Ao mesmo tempo em que o correto encaminhamento da matéria constitui um instrumento indispensável para a redução da trágica realidade que hoje atormenta a nação, o incremento dos estudos da responsabilidade acidentária civil em muito contribui para a qualidade das soluções dos conflitos, e na atenuação dos efeitos decorrentes, no que em muito contribuirá a presente obra.

Flint knappers were at risk of silicosis, and died on average in their mid-forties, thirty years younger than would be expected. Similar high mortality has been found in the masons who worked the sandstone for Edinburgh New Town, and there was probably an epidemic amongst those who built Norfolk's famous flint churches in the later Middle Ages.

It was The Venerable Bede (in his “Eccleciastical History of England”, 731) who first mentioned the Jutes as a tribe or people residing in the peninsula of Jutland (present-day Denmark) who alongside Angles and Saxons invaded England in the 5th century, starting in 449 and returning once more shortly afterwards. Bede also describes the parts of England where each of the three tribes mainly settled and became dominant. We know about the Jutes as an invading Germanic tribe from Jutland only through Bede. One earlier historian, Gilda’s, did mention the Germanic invasion but without details about partaking tribes and pattern of settlement.
For natural reasons, the question about the identification and ancestral home of the Jutish tribe will never be answered conclusively. However, there seem to be sufficient elements who are pointing towards a place of origin situated south of the present Danish border with Germany and sufficient arguments concerning a possible misinterpretation of the name of the tribe or people. At the same time however it seems that a Germanic people did migrate to and settle in the Southern parts of England: Kent, parts of Sussex, Southern Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Therefore Bede’s text may be correct as long as we are talking about an anonymous Germanic tribe settling in the South of England, but the text may at the same time be incorrect when it concerns the precise identification of that tribe and its place of origin.

This article examines the folkloric protest and popular political culture during the anti-Corn Law agitation. It offers a new analysis of the role of customary demonstration based on moral economy in supporting free importation of foreign corn. It examines previously unstudied bread processions during the 1841 general election and effigy burnings of Sir Robert Peel that occurred simultaneously against his minor revision of the Corn Laws in 1842. It argues that the practice of these traditional protests offered a basis on which plebeians understood the emerging idea of Free Trade. While the protesters and more moderate reformers represented by the Anti-Corn Law League shared a common cause of Corn Law repeal, there was a potential conflict over respectability. Moreover, Chartists could appropriate this popular custom for promoting the People's Charter rather than Free Trade. This article contributes to understanding the relationship between popular custom and radical politics in the wider context of the emergence of Free Trade Britain in the early Victorian period.

The present study extends the analysis of Prehistoric cartographic expression to include the bone found near Gillingham and Anglo-Saxon Small Long Brooches and Cruciform Brooches. These objects may offer valuable insight into how conceptual landscapes were mapped, remembered, and navigated during the Early Medieval period and possibly earlier.
The resemblance between dot patterns on the Gillingham bone and various Anglo-Saxon brooches suggests a stylistic or symbolic continuum in the representation of space. Both the Gillingham artefact and the Cruciform Brooch may represent a cartographic tradition embedded in personal and ritual objects. These artefacts illustrate sophisticated spatial thinking and long-distance connectivity within early British societies. The possibility of a shared navigational or symbolic logic spanning centuries or perhaps millennia, warrants continued interdisciplinary study, combining archaeology, astronomy, cartography, and cultural history.

A Philosophy research paper presented to the Catholic Theological Institute Bomana, Papua New Guinea in fulfillment for the requirement of the completion of Diploma in Philosophy. The paper critically analyzes few chapters of Thomas Hobes work on Leviathan purposely in defense for the Catholic Faith particularly in interpretation of the Holy Scripture (Bible).

One of the literary works is novel. In the novel we can find many kinds of character. This research aims to find out the characteristics of Helen Keller by using psychological approach and to describe the factors influence Helen Keller to struggle in obtaining the equal confession as usual human. This research used qualitative method in analyzing the data. The data is taken from Helen Keller's Novel "The Story of My Life" and in the form of quotation from novel that related to Helen Keller's characters. The result of this research are the characteristics of Helen Keller in term of angry, naughty, curiosity, struggle, eager, clever, dilligent, care, confident, brave, independent. There are also some factors that influence the characteristics of Helen Keller, such as: Influence from family, teacher and famous people.

the myth a more consumable reality than actual facts. It is this legend of Agincourt more than historical truth which informed Shakespeareʼs own highly politicized history, and through him that legend continues to be perpetuated and built upon up to the present day. Anglo-Norman, Black Death, chanson de geste, chivalry, chivalric code,

This paper examines the ancient legend of the wingless Corgis of The Hollow Vale, guardians once endowed with celestial wings who relinquished their divine nature to save the twilight land from destruction. Through an analysis of this tale, we explore themes of sacrifice, loyalty, and the intersection of divine entities with mortal realms. The study further contextualizes the narrative within the mythological framework of Tharion's Veil, highlighting its cultural significance and symbolic resonance within The Hollow Vale's lore.

The other day I was talking with my friend, Lee, who was a Ranger with me at the Statue of Liberty. Recently he went back to the "Lady" part time. He said he was working on a paper about the Mayflower and those who had sailed and landed at Plymouth Plantation back in 1620. Sounded like a good project. He asked if I knew of a "Jacob Cooke" here in Mendham. I answered that "Yes, he is probably the oldest grave in our Hilltop Cemetery." He then explained that our Jacob was the son of Jacob II who with his father, Frances Jacob Cooke, and both were on the Mayflower ship to Plymouth, Mass. Why and how did Jacob III get to live in and then get buried in Mendham, NJ? This project found that early Mendham's key people may have had Mayflower contacts, and just maybe, "Go West, young man" was part of Mendham's history. As the old prof would say, "This is a researchable project!" How many descendants of the Mayflower are alive today? According to the General Society of Mayflower Descendants, there may be as many as 35 million living descendants of the Mayflower worldwide and 10 million living descendants in the United States. Looking at some stories between the Mayflower and Mendham. 1 Before the European settlers began to arrive, Kingston, Massachusetts was within the tribal homeland of the Wampanoag people. Several years before the Mayflower had landed in Plymouth, during the Native American epidemic of 1616 to 1619, the Wampanoag Indian population was severely damaged from a rapidly spreading pandemics due to earlier contacts with Europeans. Several ancient Native American burial sites were located within the borders of Kingston.

Medieval history often rests on a handful of manuscripts produced by monastic scribes who worked from raw notes, oral reports, and their own local knowledge. This paper argues that a similar process of assumption and mis-association led to the battlefield of Ethandun being "fixed" at Edington in Wiltshire rather than in the Somerset Levels-where Alfred's tactics, local logistics, and living oral traditions all point. By examining a hypothetical misplacement of King Offa's "Iley Oak" and then tracing Asser's Life of King Alfred through its shorthand origins and scribal expansions, we show how a single copyist's convenience can echo down eleven centuries, creating a historical "typo" that only a critical re-reading can correct.

Ground-breaking ancient DNA analysis has revealed that the skeletal remains of an entire family, discovered in 2004 during urban development in Norwich, were of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage. The data represents tangible proof of lethal violence against Jews -corroborating historical records of kingdom wide “riots” and echoing the future systematic elimination of entire households. This paper discusses the proto-pogroms of 1190 and adds to the discourse surrounding Jewish transgenerational trauma by identifying causal links with the anti-Judaic structural and cultural violence permeating England during this period. What was this community’s modus vivendi and what were the repercussions of such a hostile environment? The original contribution of this paper is to approach the questions by applying Galtung’s typology of invisible violence (1969, 1990) thereby analysing a selection of written, visual and material evidence to determine the markers of this indirect violence. Condoned by Church and State, compounded over time, these acts were instrumental in preparing the terrain for religious conflict and providing justification thereof. The research suggests long-term emotional, psychological impact of latent violence inevitably becomes internalised in marginalised peoples. In this case contributing to the Jewish experience on the island until their expulsion in 1290 and subsequent persecution on the Continent.

A few years ago I made a thread about a slightly mysterious archive at Cambridge University Library containing the writings of Ernest Worman. On the 114th anniversary of his death, I trekked across Cambridge to see if I could find his grave.

The paper discusses how archival material can be used with immersive technologies in archaeological, artistic, and historical exhibitions for cultural and educational purposes. In 2024, the Ionian University in Corfu, Greece, held an exhibition to mark the 200th anniversary of the founding of the Ionian Academy. Established in 1824 by Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford, a strong supporter of Greek culture, the Ionian Academy played a significant role in history despite its relatively short existence. It was eventually abolished in 1864. As the first modern Greek academic institution, the Academy significantly impacted cultural and scholarly spheres.
The exhibition carefully curated and displayed authentic archival materials, original paintings, and digital reproductions, providing a captivating experience for contemporary audiences. Immersive technologies played a vital role in bringing the historical narrative to life, effectively animating the official attire worn by Ionian Academy professors and students.
Attendees were not mere spectators but active participants. They were allowed to interact with detailed 3D representations, gaining a deep understanding of the institution's cultural and academic significance. This innovative approach effectively highlighted the immense potential of immersive technologies in accurately reconstructing historical experiences and engaging modern audiences in interactive and educational encounters that vividly animate history, art, and cultural heritage through archival sources.
ART READINGS 2025 OLD ART MODULE INSTITUTE OF ART STUDIES BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2025

Este libro es el resultado de las Primeras Jornadas “América Latina y Gran Bretaña, siglos XIX y XX”, organizadas por el Centro de Estudios en Historia, Cultura y Memoria (CEHCMe) de la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes y el Programa de Estudios sobre las Comunidades Británicas en América Latina (PECBAL) de la Universidad de San Andrés. El evento tuvo lugar el 9 de noviembre de 2023 en la Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, provincia de Buenos Aires. Las jornadas evidenciaron el interés y la renovada vigencia de una cuestión ya consolidada: la naturaleza de las relaciones asimétricas establecidas entre los nuevos Estados latinoamericanos y la principal potencia en el mundo del siglo XIX, Gran Bretaña. Historiadores, arqueólogos y arquitectos retoman en el libro temas clásicos, como el impacto local de los cambiantes lazos económicos entre Gran Bretaña y Argentina y los debates sobre la soberanía en territorios largamente disputados, y enfoques más novedosos. Estos últimos recuperan el papel de los individuos, poniendo en cuestión su posición como posibles agentes imperiales, analizan la cultura material británica, problematizan diversas formas de ocupación del espacio e indagan las representaciones e imaginarios construidos tanto en Gran Bretaña sobre nuestra región como en Argentina sobre Gran Bretaña.

The religious upheavals of the early modern period left their mark on gastronomic culture. Despite existing scholarship, blind spots remain in the study of post-Reformation tastes and cooking. This paper explores various changes brought by the Reformation to European cuisine, focusing on transformations in culinary book structures, references to the Reformation in dish names and consumption, and a unique instance of Reformation propaganda disguised as a culinary book.

The research employs a Food studies approach as a multidisciplinary undertaking, utilizing comparative and time series analysis, source criticism, and semiotics. From the second half of the 16th century onwards, early modern cookbooks began to be structured according to seasonal offerings, rather than the traditional Catholic meat/fish dichotomy. Cookbooks also reflected changes in dish names, which increasingly served as a form of historical memory.

For instance, La Varenne’s egg dishes began to include «Huguenot-style eggs», a culinary reference to events from almost a century earlier that remained culturally significant in the mid-17th century. Published shortly after the Thirty Years’ War, La Varenne’s cookbook was quickly imitated by other chefs. Beyond mere culinary references, some cookbooks became instruments of political propaganda. «The Court and Kitchen of Elizabeth...» demonstrates how food could be used to critique social and political positioning.

The «White Pot» recipe, for example, became a marker of the middle class’s «otherness», suggesting that Elizabeth and her family did not align with royal expectations. The anonymous author implied that their social status should not extend beyond the lower house of parliament.

The paper’s novelty lies in analyzing the ideological dimensions of early modern cookbooks, traditionally viewed simply as recipe collections. The research argues that these texts constitute a sophisticated form of historical memory, revealing complex social, political, and religious dynamics through culinary practices.