Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

One of the most effective methods for treating addiction is to follow recovery programmes in therapeutic communities, which are drug-free environments where people with addictions (or other problems) live together in an organized and structured way to support change and enable drug-free living in the outside community, outside the confines of the programme. The mutually supportive presence of people in the therapeutic community, using a competence-building, encounter method, allows for the cognitive reframing of thought and life experience patterns, which is an essential ingredient of successful recovery and substance-free living.

El presente artículo ofrece una revisión exhaustiva del enfoque transdiagnóstico en psicoterapia clínica, una perspectiva emergente que propone intervenir sobre procesos psicológicos comunes a múltiples trastornos, desafiando así el modelo tradicional categorial del DSM/ICD. Se expone su evolución histórica desde sus raíces implícitas en teorías conductuales y cognitivas tempranas hasta su consolidación en protocolos terapéuticos como el Protocolo Unificado. A través de un análisis detallado, se identifican los principales mecanismos transdiagnósticos, tales como la rumiación, la evitación experiencial, la intolerancia a la incertidumbre, el sesgo atencional hacia amenazas, entre otros. Además, se presenta evidencia empírica y experimental que respalda la existencia de respuestas fisiológicas y conductuales compartidas entre distintos diagnósticos. El artículo concluye que el enfoque transdiagnóstico no solo optimiza la eficacia y eficiencia del tratamiento psicológico, sino que también contribuye a una visión menos fragmentada y más humanista de la psicopatología, alineándose con modelos dimensionales e integradores. Se resalta su potencial para avanzar hacia una psicoterapia más unificada, preventiva y centrada en procesos.

This commentary discusses the strengths and limitations of internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatments (ICBT) for anxiety disorders, as highlighted by the case studies described in Ciuca, Berger, and Miclea (2017), and in Schulz, Vincent, and Berger (2017). In comparing the course of treatment for patients with contrasting clinical outcomes, the authors offer insights into the many benefits and challenges of ICBT. Suggestions for improving ICBT interventions for anxiety disorders, implications for implementation and dissemination, and ethical considerations are discussed.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in 10-20% of injury patients. We developed a novel, self-guided Internet-based intervention (called Trauma TIPS) based on techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to prevent the onset of PTSD symptoms. Objective: To determine whether Trauma TIPS is effective in preventing the onset of PTSD symptoms in injury patients. Methods: Adult, level 1 trauma center patients were randomly assigned to receive the fully automated Trauma TIPS Internet intervention (n=151) or to receive no early intervention (n=149). Trauma TIPS consisted of psychoeducation, in vivo exposure, and stress management techniques. Both groups were free to use care as usual (nonprotocolized talks with hospital staff). PTSD symptom severity was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post injury with a clinical interview (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale) by blinded trained interviewers and self-report instrument (Impact of Event Scale-Revised). Secondary outcomes were acute anxiety and arousal (assessed online), self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and mental health care utilization. Intervention usage was documented. The mean number of intervention logins was 1.7, SD 2.5, median 1, interquartile range (IQR) 1-2. Thirty-four patients in the intervention group did not log in (22.5%), 63 (41.7%) logged in once, and 54 (35.8%) logged in multiple times (mean 3.6, SD 3.5, median 3, IQR 2-4). On clinician-assessed and self-reported PTSD symptoms, both the intervention and control group showed a significant decrease over time (P<.001) without significant differences in trend. PTSD at 12 months was diagnosed in 4.7% of controls and 4.4% of intervention group patients. There were no group differences on anxiety or depressive symptoms over time. Post hoc analyses using latent growth mixture modeling showed a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms in a subgroup of patients with severe initial symptoms (n=20) (P<.001).

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in 10-20% of injury patients. We developed a novel, self-guided Internet-based intervention (called Trauma TIPS) based on techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to prevent the onset of PTSD symptoms. Objective: To determine whether Trauma TIPS is effective in preventing the onset of PTSD symptoms in injury patients. Methods: Adult, level 1 trauma center patients were randomly assigned to receive the fully automated Trauma TIPS Internet intervention (n=151) or to receive no early intervention (n=149). Trauma TIPS consisted of psychoeducation, in vivo exposure, and stress management techniques. Both groups were free to use care as usual (nonprotocolized talks with hospital staff). PTSD symptom severity was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post injury with a clinical interview (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale) by blinded trained interviewers and self-report instrument (Impact of Event Scale-Revised). Secondary outcomes were acute anxiety and arousal (assessed online), self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and mental health care utilization. Intervention usage was documented. The mean number of intervention logins was 1.7, SD 2.5, median 1, interquartile range (IQR) 1-2. Thirty-four patients in the intervention group did not log in (22.5%), 63 (41.7%) logged in once, and 54 (35.8%) logged in multiple times (mean 3.6, SD 3.5, median 3, IQR 2-4). On clinician-assessed and self-reported PTSD symptoms, both the intervention and control group showed a significant decrease over time (P<.001) without significant differences in trend. PTSD at 12 months was diagnosed in 4.7% of controls and 4.4% of intervention group patients. There were no group differences on anxiety or depressive symptoms over time. Post hoc analyses using latent growth mixture modeling showed a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms in a subgroup of patients with severe initial symptoms (n=20) (P<.001).

Despite significant advances in individual treatment approaches for PTSD, knowledge of group approaches has lagged behind. Much of the reason knowledge about group treatment for PTSD has been limited is due to the complexity of conducting randomized controlled trials in the group treatment context. This limited empirical knowledge is unfortunate given the frequency with which group treatment for PTSD is used in clinical settings, including the Department of Veteran Affairs. The goal of this study is to examine the efficacy of a group cognitive-behavioral treatment (GCBT) for PTSD relative to group supportive counseling approach (i.e. group present centered treatment; GPCT). The sample consists of 196 veterans diagnosed with PTSD who are randomly assigned to either GCBT (n = 98) or GPCT (n = 98). Both treatments are administered by two therapists over the course of 14 sessions. Assessments take place at baseline, mid-treatment, posttreatment and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure is the PTSD symptom severity assessed with a semistructured diagnostic instrument. Given the substantial rise of veterans presenting for PTSD treatment services, identifying an efficacious group treatment approach is invaluable.

The current study aimed to test the clinical effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for battered women in a community setting and to find out whether effectiveness of individual therapy can be improved in conjunction with group therapy. One hundred sixteen treatment-seeking battered women were assigned either to CBT on an individual basis or an individual and group basis. Psychological treatment, focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emotional discomfort, and impaired functioning, comprised a 17-session program, including emotional expression, psychoeducation, trauma re-exposure, coping skills, and problem-solving training. Although most treated patients in both groups improved in all variables (PTSD, emotional discomfort, and impaired functioning) at all assessments, the combined individual and group therapy did better than the individual therapy regarding PTSD symptoms and impaired functioning at follow-up assessments. These findings partially su...

Background and aims: Due to its nature, social anxiety can disturb the social adjustment of adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the social adjustment of adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-/post-test format alongside a control group. The statistical population consisted of male students diagnosed with social anxiety disorder in the second year of high school within the first district of Babol city during the 1401-1402 academic year. A total of 45 participants were selected from this population using purposeful sampling, ensuring they met the study's inclusion criteria. These participants were randomly assigned to three groups: 15 in the CBT group, 15 in the ACT group, and 15 in the control group. Data were collected using social adjustment questionnaire, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized for data analysis. Results: The findings indicated that both CBT and ACT significantly improved social adjustment in adolescents with social anxiety disorder (p<0.001), with no significant difference in effectiveness between the two treatments. Conclusion: CBT and ACT, both can be recommended for enhancing social adjustment among adolescents with social anxiety disorder.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), Primary and Secondary Control Enhancement Training (PASCET-PI-2), for physical (obesity) and emotional (depression) disturbances in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Method In an open trial, 12 adolescents with PCOS, obesity, and depression underwent eight weekly sessions and three family-based sessions of CBT enhanced by lifestyle goals (nutrition and exercise), physical illness narrative (meaning of having PCOS), and family psychoeducation (family functioning). Results Weight showed a significant decrease across the eight sessions from an average of 104 kg (SD ¼ 26) to an average of 93 kg (SD ¼ 18), t(11) ¼ 6.6, p <.05. Depressive symptoms on the Children's Depression Inventory significantly decreased from a mean of 17 (SD ¼ 3) to a mean of 9.6 (SD ¼ 2), t(11) ¼ 16.8, p <.01. Conclusion A manual-based CBT approach to treat depression in adolescents with PCOS and obesity appears to be promising.

This monograph offers a clear, accessible, and non-technical exploration of the main currents in child psychology, making it ideal for parents, educators, and professionals who want to understand how children think, feel, and grow. Far from academic jargon, it explains complex theories in simple terms, showing how each perspective contributes practical tools for supporting children’s emotional and cognitive development.

Present study aimed to exploring the function of Cognitive Behaviour Therapeutic Techniques in reducing the level of Anxiety. Further, it also aimed to find out its usefulness in enhancing mental health quality of life of Alcoholic patients. For this purpose, researcher has designed experimental research design in which experimental and control groups are there. Experimental group has given CBT technique while Control group has not given any treatment. In this study, total 30 alcohol addicted males were employed by Purposive sampling technique. all participants were from the Navjeevan Rehabilitation Centre, Located in the Kagal city of Kolhapur District, in Maharashtra state. Participants were divided into two groups experimental and control groups. The age range of participants was from 25 years to 60 years. The obtained data was analysed by Descriptive statistics (i.e. Mean, SD, Skewness and Kurtosis) and Inferential statistics namely; paired t-test. Results revealed that, Cognitive Behavioural Therapeutic Techniques significantly alleviating anxiety in alcoholic patients. Further, Cognitive Behavioural Therapeutic Techniques help to boost the mental health quality of life of alcoholic patients.

Background and aims: Aggression and maladjustment in children can disrupt their development. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps address these issues by modifying maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of group CBT on aggression, social adjustment, and peer interaction among elementary school boys. Methods: The study employed a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures and a control group. Thirty male students of 5 th and 6 th-grade from elementary schools in Fasa city, Iran were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). Both groups completed questionnaires before the intervention. The experimental group then participated in 13 weekly CBT sessions, each lasting 60 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. After the intervention period, both groups completed the questionnaires again. Data were collected using Bell's Emotional Adjustment Questionnaire, Hudson's Peer Interaction Questionnaire, and Bass and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis of covariance. Results: CBT had a significant effect on social adjustment (p<0.001), aggression (p<0.001), and peer relationships (p<0.001) in the experimental group at the post-test stage. Conclusion: The findings suggest that group CBT is effective in reducing aggressive behaviors, improving social adjustment, and enhancing communication skills with peers among boys in elementary school.

Background and aims: Deaths caused by the coronavirus have complicated the grieving process, often leading to unexpressed or complicated grief with severe and long-lasting consequences. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on distress tolerance, fear of positive experience, and psychosomatic symptoms in individuals suffering bereavement related to COVID-19. Methods: This semi-experimental study employed a pre-test/post-test design with control group. The sample consisted of 20 individuals experiencing grief due to COVID-19, selected through convenience sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to either the emotionfocused therapy group (n = 10) or the control group (n = 10). Measures included Simmons and Gaher's Distress Tolerance Questionnaire, a researcher-designed Fear of Positive Experience Questionnaire, and Lacourt's Psychosomatic Symptoms Questionnaire. Following the pre-test, the experimental group underwent 10 sessions of emotion-focused therapy. Results: Findings indicated that emotion-focused therapy had a significant positive effect on distress tolerance, fear of positive experience, and psychosomatic symptoms (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that emotion-focused therapy can effectively enhance psychological well-being in individuals grieving losses caused by COVID-19. Such interventions may be beneficial in addressing the emotional and psychosomatic challenges associated with bereavement.

Background: Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (i-CBT) offers potential as an alternative, accessible, clinically and cost-effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but little is known about its acceptability. Objective: To review the available evidence to understand the acceptability of i-CBT for PTSD. Method: We undertook a mixed-methods systematic review according to Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines, of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of i-CBT for adults with PTSD. We examined included studies for measures of acceptability, and possible proxy indicators of acceptability, including dropout rates, which were meta-analysed as risk ratios (RRs). Results: Ten studies with 720 participants were included. We found i-CBT to be acceptable according to specific acceptability measures, and suggestions for acceptability according to some proxy measures of i-CBT programme usage. There was, however, evidence of greater dropout from i-CBT than waitlist (RR 1.39, CI 1.03-1.88; 8 studies; participants = 585) and no evidence of a difference in dropout between i-CBT and i-non-CBT (RR 2.14, CI 0.97-4.73; participants = 132; 2 studies). Conclusion: i-CBT appears a potentially acceptable intervention for adults with PTSD. We identified clinical and research questions, including the status of proxy indicators, and call for standardised, consistent treatment acceptability measurement. Aceptabilidad de la terapia cognitivo conductual basada en internet (i-TCC) para Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT): una revision sistemática Antecedentes: La terapia cognitivo conductual entregada a través de internet (i-TCC) ofrece potencial como un tratamiento alternativo accesible, clínicamente eficaz y costo-efectivo para el trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT), pero se conoce poco acerca de su aceptabilidad. Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia disponible para comprender la aceptabilidad de i-TCC para TEPT. Método: Realizamos una revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos de acuerdo a las Guías de la Colaboración Cochrane, de estudios aleatorizados controlados (RCT por sus sigla en inglés) de i-TCC para adultos con TEPT. Examinamos los estudios incluídos buscando medidas de aceptabilidad, y posibles indicadores indirectos de aceptabilidad, incluyendo tasas de abandono, los que fueron meta-analizados como Riesgo Relativo (RR). Resultados: Diez estudios con 720 participantes fueron incluídos. Encontramos que i-TCC era aceptable de acuerdo a medidas específicas de aceptabilidad y sugerencias de su aceptabilidad de acuerdo a algunas medidas indirectas del uso del programa de i-TCC. Hubo, sin embargo, evidencia de un mayor abandono desde i-TCC que Lista de Espera (RR 1.39, IC 1.03-1.88; 8 estudios, participantes = 585) y no hubo diferencia en abandono entre i-TCC y otras intervenciones a través de internet no TCC (RR 2.14, IC 0.97-4.73; participantes = 132; 2 estudios). Conclusión: i-TCC aparece como una intervención potencialmente aceptable para adultos con TEPT. Identificamos preguntas clínicas y de investigación, incluyendo el estado de los indicadores indirectos, y la necesidad de medidas de aceptabilidad estandarizadas y consistentes.

Although there is a large body of evidence showing that antidepressants are effective in the treatment of depression (1), most patients prefer psychological treatments over medication (2). However, psychological therapies are not always available and may be too costly for many patients and for insurance systems. Furthermore, in many places in the world there are not enough trained psychotherapists available to treat all people who need treatment for depression.

The dominant leadership style is defined by the situation and the kind of organizational environment and climate. This, however, does not sufficiently define the leadership qualities in school organizations. There are other factors which also determine the dominant leadership style, which are the traits and style, teachers commitments, pass out achievements and never the least is the resources and financial capabilities, these determinants also reflects the adaptations of different leadership style of being autocratic, democratic and laissez faire or the combination of any of these three styles. Therefore, the study tends to reveal the dominant leadership style adopted by the principal of private and public schools Leadership is predominant factor of school organization. Adaptation of leadership style is defined by the environment of working forces available in the school whether it be private school or the public school. The leadership styles also vary according to the schools organization mission, vision and goal set by the policy maker, and, however, leadership is considered as a sophisticated modern concept. Earlier definitions regarding leadership was stated as the head of state, military commander, princeps, proconsul, chief or king, these were common in most societies, which differentiate ruler from the members of the society. It was until the first half of nineteenth century the word leadership appeared in writing however the word leader was marked in English language in the year 1300. The word leadership is still in confusion; as many scholars have attempted to define leadership with different concept of definitions Pfeffer (1977) cited in

This study explores the leadership actions-oriented behavior of school principals in Finland. Actions-orientated behavior enables the leader to appropriately articulate relations and task orientation to meet the immediate contextual demands and to accommodate followership toward change and development. The leadership actions-orientated behavior of Finnish school principals were studied in three schools. In-depth interviews with school actors (principals, vice principals, teachers, special educators, and nonteaching staff) were conducted to triangulate the analyzed data. It was found that leadership actions-oriented behavior enabled school leaders to articulate appropriate behavioral patterns to generate motivation and commitment. The results suggest that actions orientations toward high-on relations enabled leaders to achieve leadership success, while actions orientations toward high-on task enabled leadership effectiveness. Actions-oriented behavior toward high-on task enables lead...

Objective: To compare a mindfulness-based intervention with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the group treatment of anxiety disorders. Method: One hundred five veterans (83% male, mean age ¼ 46 years, 30% minority) with one or more DSM-IV anxiety disorders began group treatment following randomization to adapted mindfulnessbased stress reduction (MBSR) or CBT. Results: Both groups showed large and equivalent improvements on principal disorder severity thru 3month follow up (ps < .001, d ¼ À4.08 for adapted MBSR; d ¼ À3.52 for CBT). CBT outperformed adapted MBSR on anxious arousal outcomes at follow up (p < .01, d ¼ .49) whereas adapted MBSR reduced worry at a greater rate than CBT (p < .05, d ¼ .64) and resulted in greater reduction of comorbid emotional disorders (p < .05, d ¼ .49). The adapted MBSR group evidenced greater mood disorders and worry at Pre, however. Groups showed equivalent treatment credibility, therapist adherence and competency, and reliable improvement. Conclusions: CBT and adapted MBSR were both effective at reducing principal diagnosis severity and somewhat effective at reducing self-reported anxiety symptoms within a complex sample. CBT was more effective at reducing anxious arousal, whereas adapted MBSR may be more effective at reducing worry and comorbid disorders.

Technological developments can optimize therapy for depression. However, early client or user involvement is crucial. The smartphone application and dashboard 'plaTfOrm using evidence-based inTervEntions for (Mental) health' (TOTEM), based on cognitive behavioral therapy and behavioral activation, is being developed together with clients from the start. Objective monitoring (e.g., activity/travel-related behavior) and human-in-the-loop AI machine learning allow tailored blended care, combining face-to-face therapy with online modules and Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions. As a first co-creation step, clients with (prior) depression or depressive complaints and psychologists evaluated the usefulness of an existing Health for Travel Behaviour (HTB) application and feedback report developed for cardio patients, which monitors and improves travel-related physical activity. Online semi-structured interviews followed an HTB demonstration. In total, 16 interviews (14 clients and 2 psychologists) were transcribed and analyzed. Participants perceived the application as user-friendly, relevant, useful, attractive, and a supplement to standard care. It encourages people to engage in activities. The feedback report was also perceived as transparent, useful, and relevant. Emotional aspects are underemphasized (e.g., assessment of feelings and mental health-related psycho-education). When tailored to depression (with attention for different recovery phases), monitoring and improving travel-related physical activity was considered helpful in supplementing standard care for depression.

The aim of this study was to identify pretreatment factors associated with dropout from outpatient individualized cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic back pain. Despite the importance of this issue, little is known about determinants of dropout from cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic pain. The presented study is a subanalysis of a larger study on cognitivebehavioral treatment for chronic back pain. The study included 128 patients, who began a 25 session treatment. Three pretreatment domains (demographic variables, psychologic and pain-related symptom severity, and attitude toward treatment) and satisfaction with treatment within the first 3 sessions were considered as potential predictors of attrition. Results: Twenty-three patients (18%) were classified as dropouts. Low psychologic distress, low medication intake, and low treatment satisfaction were significantly associated with dropout. Other demographic variables, pain-related variables, attributions, and attitude toward treatment were not associated with treatment attrition. The associations were only valid for early dropouts. Discussion: It is concluded that cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronic pain should be adapted for less psychologically distressed patients to avoid treatment dropout.

Narcolepsy: Integrating Basic and Clinical Knowledge provides comprehensive coverage of narcolepsy-related topics. The book offers updated, deep coverage of its diagnosis, treatment, and impact on mental health based on the latest research findings and clinical practices. Its interdisciplinary approach brings together experts from different specialties, such as sleep medicine, psychology, and neurology to offer a more holistic understanding. This allows for a more nuanced discussion of how narcolepsy interacts with various aspects of health and well-being. Researchers and clinicians will find within this book novel information on pathophysiology and neurobiology, as well as behavioral and psychosocial considerations.

Users will find this to be a resource that takes a deep dive into narcolepsy, introducing topics never before discussed in books on the topic, including COVID-19 and sleep, as well as immunotherapy and gene therapy. It’s the cutting-edge medical volume professionals need, whether narcolepsy specialists or more casual readers

TopicEvidence‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy skills building intervention—Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE)—for depressed and anxious teens in brief 30 min outpatient visits.PurposeBased on COPE training workshops, this article provides an overview of the COPE program, its development, theoretical foundation, content of the sessions, and lessons learned for best delivery of COPE to individuals and groups in psychiatric settings, primary care settings, and schools.SourcesPublished literature and clinical examples.ConclusionWith the COPE program, the advanced practice nurse in busy outpatient practice can provide timely, evidence‐based therapy for adolescents and use the full extent of his/her advanced practice nursing knowledge and skills.

Whether and under which conditions D-cycloserine (DCS) augments the effects of exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders is unclear. To clarify whether DCS is superior to placebo in augmenting the effects of cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders and to evaluate whether antidepressants interact with DCS and the effect of potential moderating variables. PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to February 10, 2016. Reference lists of previous reviews and meta-analyses and reports of randomized clinical trials were also checked. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were (1) double-blind randomized clinical trials of DCS as an augmentation strategy for exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy and (2) conducted in humans diagnosed as having specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, obsessive-c...

Perception of personal identity cannot be separated from the perception of the social context and one&#39;s social identity. Full involvement in group psychotherapy may require not only the awareness of personal impairment, but also social identification. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between social identification and symptom improvement in group-based psychotherapy. 169 participants received 12 sessions of group-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. Social identification, the extent to which a person identifies with those who suffer from the same psychological problem as themselves and/or with those lacking psychopathology (non-sufferers), and clinical outcome were assessed at baseline, mid-and posttreatment, and 1, 3, and 6-months follow-up. At baseline, patients aspired for closeness with non-sufferers, and viewed themselves as distant from fellow sufferers and non-sufferers. After treatment, participants viewed not only the...

The use of d-cycloserine (DCS) as a cognitive enhancer to augment exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) represents a promising new translational research direction with the goal to accelerate and optimize treatment response for anxiety disorders. Some studies suggest that DCS may not only augment extinction learning but could also facilitate fear memory reconsolidation. Therefore, the effect of DCS may depend on fear levels reported at the end of exposure sessions. This paper presents the rationale and design for an ongoing randomized controlled trial examining the relative efficacy of tailoring DCS administration based on exposure success (i.e. end fear levels) during a 5-session group CBT protocol for social anxiety disorder (n=156). Specifically, tailored post-session DCS administration will be compared against untailored post-session DCS, untailored pre-session DCS, and pill placebo in terms of reduction in social anxiety symptoms and responder status. In addition, a...

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy are similarly effective for treating panic disorder with mild or no agoraphobia, but little is known about the mechanism through which these treatments work. The present study examined some of the criteria for cognitive mediation of treatment change in CBT alone, imipramine alone, CBT plus imipramine, and CBT plus placebo. Ninety-one individuals who received 1 of these interventions were assessed before and after acute treatment, and after a 6-month maintenance period. Multilevel moderated mediation analyses provided preliminary support for the notion that changes in panic-related cognitions mediate changes in panic severity only in treatments that include CBT.

This review concluded that cognitive-behavioural therapy was efficacious in reducing anxiety sensitivity in both treatment-seeking patients and those at risk. There were a number of limitations in the review which suggest that the authors' conclusions should be treated with caution.

In this report we examined the reliability and structural validity of the Chilean version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory, SPAI, (Turner, Beidel, Dancu y Stanley, 1989), using a sample of 1040 non clinical Chilean adolescents (range of age between 13 and 18 years). The structural validity analysis indicated the existence of two, clearly differentiated, subscales (Social Phobia and Agoraphobia) that explained 43.4% of the variance. The alpha reliability coefficients were very high in each one of the subscales. In spite of finding significant differences, for sex in both scales, the effect size was small. On the other hand, the age variable was significant in the social phobia scale but not in the agoraphobia one, but again the effect size was small. In general the results offer empirical evidence in support of the reliability and validity of the Chilean version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory.

Manajemen waktu merupakan salah satu keterampilan penting yang menentukan
keberhasilan individu dalam menjalani aktivitas sehari-hari secara produktif dan
terarah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara mendalam konsep
manajemen waktu, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitasnya, serta
dampaknya terhadap produktivitas pribadi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan
pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi pustaka terhadap berbagai sumber
ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan dalam
mengatur waktu secara sistematis sangat bergantung pada perencanaan yang baik,
penetapan prioritas, serta kedisiplinan individu dalam menjalankan jadwal. Selain
itu, strategi pengelolaan waktu seperti teknik blok waktu dan evaluasi rutin
terbukti mampu meningkatkan efisiensi kerja dan mengurangi tekanan psikologis.
Dengan demikian, keterampilan manajemen waktu perlu dikembangkan secara
berkelanjutan agar individu mampu meraih tujuan hidup secara seimbang dan
optimal.

Background: OCD is often chronic disorder and causes impairment of functional efficiency. Various researchers have found that cognitive dysfunction frequently present even when mild symptoms are present. This study aimed to investigate various domains of cognitive function in patients with OCD using cross sectional design. In this study we have tried to find out the various domains of cognitive function in OCD and their relation with clinical severities. We also compared the cognitive function of patients with OCD and their control. Methods: Total 60 subjects (30 in case group and 30 in control group) were taken for study. The study subjects (OCD group) were taken from psychiatric OPD and control group from general populations. The subjects of both the groups were screened as per inclusion and exclusion criteria and the Y-BOCS, ACE –III scales were applied. Results: In the case group, 96.70% had a normal ACE-III score and 3.30% had an inconclusive score, while in the control group 1...

This manual and workbook set focuses on anger management. The manual was designed for use by qualified substance abuse and mental health clinicians who work with substance abuse and mental health clients with concurrent anger programs. The manual describes a 12-week cognitive behavioral anger management group treatment. Each of the 12 90-minute weekly sessions is described in detail with specific instructions for group leaders, tables and figures that illustrate the key conceptual components of the treatment, and homework assignments for the group participants. The workbook enables participants to better learn, practice, and integrate the treatment strategies presented in the group sessions. The treatment model described is a combined cognitive behavioral therapy approach that employs relaxation, cognitive, and communication skills interventions. This combined approach presents the participants with options that draw on these different interventions and then encourages them to develop individualized anger control plans using as many of the techniques as possible. (Contains 33 references.) (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.

This manual and workbook set focuses on anger management. The manual was designed for use by qualified substance abuse and mental health clinicians who work with substance abuse and mental health clients with concurrent anger programs. The manual describes a 12-week cognitive behavioral anger management group treatment. Each of the 12 90-minute weekly sessions is described in detail with specific instructions for group leaders, tables and figures that illustrate the key conceptual components of the treatment, and homework assignments for the group participants. The workbook enables participants to better learn, practice, and integrate the treatment strategies presented in the group sessions. The treatment model described is a combined cognitive behavioral therapy approach that employs relaxation, cognitive, and communication skills interventions. This combined approach presents the participants with options that draw on these different interventions and then encourages them to develop individualized anger control plans using as many of the techniques as possible. (Contains 33 references.) (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.

Introducere: Industria de videochat traversează în ultimii ani o transformare din ce în ce mai amplă care a făcut condițiile de lucru din domeniu exponențial mai provocatoare pentru modele. Domeniul suferă schimbări cu potențial negativ asupra modelelor dintr-o multitudine de cauze – de la modificarea tiparului de consum și a așteptărilor utilizatorilor; la accelerarea tehnologică haotică și avântul capitalist lipsit de reglementări sociale; la creșterea tendințelor politice conservatoare și stigmatizante și impactul indirect al legislației paternaliste asupra industriei; până la suprasaturația pieței (dată de globalizare și de migrarea continuă dinspre profesiile sexuale directe).
Obiective: Studiul are un obiectiv dual – pe de-o parte, își propune să ofere o bază teoretică pentru formarea unor competențe sensibile cultural și pentru creșterea gradului de conștientizare și înțelegere a provocărilor specifice domeniului în rândul specialiștilor în sănătate mintală; pe de altă parte, intenția este de a propune un model de abordare terapeutică într-o cheie cognitiv-comportamentală pentru un set de problematici exprimate de persoane din domeniu și aflate la intersecția dintre sfera profesională și cea personală.
Metodologie: Pentru desfășurarea studiului au fost alese trei modele de videochat cu istorii de viață, caracteristici socio-demografice și provocări psiho-emoționale diferite. Persoanele în cauză au primit câte zece ședințe gratuite de evaluare și terapie cognitiv-comportamentală, lucrarea de față descriind în detaliu strategiile și tehnicile implementate pentru atingerea obiectivelor terapeutice și reducerea simptomatologiei.
Rezultate: Obiectivele terapeutice formulate de modele au fost atinse într-o proporție satisfăcătoare. În cazul celor care au prezentat simptomatologie clinică, rezultatele au suferit modificări considerabile: pentru ambele modele în această situație, BDI-II a înregistrat o scădere de la depresie moderată (la începutul terapiei) la absența simptomelor depresive (la finalul curei terapeutice); pentru una dintre persoane, OLBI a marcat o reducere a simptomatologiei de la un burnout de intensitate mare la unul de intensitate medie în decurs de numai 10 ședințe, iar pentru cea de-a doua s-a produs o reducere de la un burnout de intensitate medie la o simptomatologie minimală în cadrul procesului terapeutic. Persoana cu simptomatologie subclinică a evitat cu succes instalarea unei patologii în ciuda unor evenimente majore de viață, grație curei terapeutice, și a reușit totodată să-și optimizeze relația de cuplu într-un moment profesional critic.
Concluzii: Calitatea vieții modelelor poate fi îmbunătățită semnificativ acționând în cadrul procesului terapeutic asupra intersecției dintre sfera profesională și cea personală, prin identificarea și contracararea elementelor vulnerabilizante care generează distres în combinație cu provocările date de domeniu. Ca urmare a oferirii unui tip de consiliere specializată, sensibilă cultural, s-a remarcat o îmbunătățire globală a calității vieții modelelor participante la studiu. Aceste concluzii ilustrează o alternativă față de poziția asumată de o parte a comunității specialiștilor în sănătate mintală, care, conform observațiilor empirice ale autoarei, par să perceapă retragerea din domeniu drept soluția universală pentru distresul manifestat în contextul jobului de videochat.

Background Scaling up evidence-based interventions to improve physical activity (PA) is important for enhancing health outcomes. The Healthy4U (H4U) program, initially successful in improving PA and health outcomes among ambulatory hospital patients, was expanded from one regional hospital to five rural hospitals. This study retrospectively examines the feasibility of implementing H4U at Scale (H4U-AS) over 12 months. during the program period. Maintenance: Funding for the project was not available beyond the 12-month period. As a result, recruitment into the program was ceased. Conclusion H4U-AS suggests that implementing an evidence-based PA intervention from one regional hospital to five rural hospitals may be feasible. Participants improved PA and dietary behaviours. However, limited participant recruitment during the short recruitment period, and funding cessation, impacted the extent to which the program could be offered and evaluated at scale.

Background & Aims Telenursing is a strategy for supporting and empowering mothers of premature infants. This study aimed to determine the impact of telenursing on breastfeeding self-efficacy, infant weight, and frequency of readmission to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in these mothers. Materials & Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 60 mothers of preterm infants discharged from the NICUs of three hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2022 were selected using a convenience sampling method. They were divided into two groups of 30, including intervention and control. The intervention group received a telenursing program that included breastfeeding consultation, nutritional consultation, and emotional support for eight weeks after discharge, while the control group received the routine post-discharge follow-up program. After the study, infant weight gain, NICU readmission, and breastfeeding self-efficacy (using Dennis's breastfeeding self-efficacy scale) were assessed. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and independent t-test were used. Results The mean breastfeeding self-efficacy score differed significantly between the two groups after intervention, with a mean score of 154.4±4.3 in the intervention group and 124.8±5.30 in the control group. In terms of infant weight, significant differences were reported between pre-test and post-test weights in each group (P<0.05), but no significant difference in weight gain was observed between the two groups (P=0.45). The NICU readmission rate in the control group was 3.33%, while no readmission was reported in the intervention group. Conclusion Telenursing interventions focused on education, consultation, and addressing infant care challenges via online messaging platforms can significantly enhance breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers and reduce the need for readmission of their infants to NICUs.

Kecanduan gadget telah menjadi fenomena yang sangat signifikan, terutama dalam era digital saat ini. Dengan perkembangan teknologi, semua serba cepat dan askes semakin meluas terhadap informasi, penggunaan gadget telah menyebar ke berbagai faktor kehidupan seharihari masyarakat. Seperti yang diungkapkan dalam laporan State of Mobile 2024 dari data.ai, penggunaan rata-rata ponsel di Indonesia mencapai 6,05 jam per hari pada tahun 2023, yang menjadikan salah satu negara dengan penggunaan ponsel tertinggi di dunia, Peningkatan ini tidak hanya menunjukkan adanya tren global, tetapi juga menunjukan dampak yang besar dari ketergantungan pada ponsel dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Lalu terdapat juga berita yang dilansir dari CNN Indonesia, menunjukan bahwa Survei 19,3 Persen Anak Indonesia Kecanduan Internet. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa fenomena kecanduan gadget memiliki dampak yang negatif dalam kehidupan sosial dan psikologis masyarakat. Kecanduan gadget tidak hanya mempengaruhi pengguna secara individu, tetapi juga memberikan dampak negatif terhadap konsep diri serta interaksi interpersonal. (Ningtyas, dkk., 2020) menyatakan bahwa penggunaan internet berlebihan dapat menyebabkan penurunan kedisiplinan belajar, meningkatkan stress, kecemasan, serta mengurangi pemahaman terhadap konsep diri, terutama pada kalangan siswa. Sementara itu, (Simamarta, dkk., 2020) juga menyatakan bahwa penggunaan internet yang berlebihan dapat menghambat perkembangan keterampilan sosial dan komunikasi individu.

Background: In facing with difficult situations some people cannot stand and give up, while others who are called "resilient" stand and solve their problems. Objectives: This study is a semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training the components of Redecision therapy on the increase of resilience among female Tehran students. Patients and Methods: The participants of this study comprised 20 students from third grade high school with low scores in CD-RISC selected by random cluster sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups of 10. Sessions of Redecision therapy were implemented for experimental group and the control group received no interventions. We used Connor and Davidson resilience scale or CD-RISC (2003). The reliability (the Cronbach's α) and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated. Results: The reliability obtained was 0.85. The results showed a significance difference between the control group and experimental group (P < 0.01). Training of Redecision therapy has increased the resilience among students. Conclusions: Redecision therapy help people to identify negative parental messages and make new decisions; we can expect this training improve the resilience among students.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral game therapy on the social skills and adaptation of educable mentally disabled female students. The research method was semi-experimental and the research sample was among the mentally disabled students of Sarban School (Najaf Abad city). 22 people were selected and the desired sample people (22 people) were replaced in two groups of 11 people, test and control. First, the teachers were asked to complete a pre-test for the people of the sample group (Rather's Behavioral Disorder Questionnaire and the Questionnaire for Measuring Children's Weaknesses and Strengths) in order to determine social skills and adaptability for both experimental and control groups. After the test , an intervention program was implemented for the people of the experimental group during 10 sessions of 30 minutes in Sarban School (Najaf Abad). So that the people of the control group did not receive these trainings. After the end of the training sessions, both groups were re-evaluated using (the above tests) and their scores were considered as a post-test for data analysis in the descriptive statistics section of the mean and deviation. The criteria and in the inferential statistics section, according to the research design that has a pre-test, univariate covariance analysis was used. The results of the two main hypotheses are as follows: cognitive behavioral game therapy has an effect on the social skills and adaptability of mentally challenged students.

Keywords

Cognitive-behavioral game therapy social skills adaptability and educationally disabled female students

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that negatively affects all aspects of life. With the widespread use of the internet, internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy has been developed and applied to control symptoms and improve the quality of life of those with irritable bowel syndrome. However, few studies have systematically reviewed the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on irritable bowel syndrome. Objective: This study aimed to systematically review studies that examined the use of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and to evaluate the effects of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on the improvement of symptom severity, quality of life, psychological status, and cost-effectiveness. Methods: This meta-analysis involved the search of 6 databases for relevant publications. From the 1224 publications identified through database searches, 9 randomized controlled trials were finally included in the analysis. Results: The internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapies including exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy for self-management, and cognitive behavioral therapy for stress management were provided in 5 to 13 sessions for 5 to 10 weeks. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy had medium-to-large effects on symptom severity (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.633; 95% CI -0.861 to -0.4304), quality of life (SMD 0.582; 95% CI 0.396-0.769), and cost-effectiveness (-0.372; 95% CI -0.704 to -0.039) at postintervention. The effects on symptom severity remained over time even after the intervention, short-term follow-up (SMD -0.391; 95% CI -0.560 to -0.221), and long-term follow-up (SMD -0.357; 95% CI -0.541 to -0.172). There was no significant difference in psychological status, including anxiety and depression, in those with irritable bowel syndrome compared to the controls during the postintervention period. This review demonstrates that internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy could be a cost-effective intervention for improving symptoms and the quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. However, studies are still insufficient regarding the use of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in these patients; therefore, more high-quality studies are required in the future.

Emosi dan memori merupakan dua aspek psikologis yang saling memengaruhi dan berperan penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Emosi tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai respons terhadap stimulus, tetapi juga berkontribusi terhadap proses pembentukan dan penguatan memori. Artikel ini mengkaji keterkaitan antara emosi, memori, dan komunikasi interpersonal dari perspektif psikologi kognitif. Dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan berdasarkan materi "Memori dan Proses Berpikir" serta empat jurnal ilmiah terkini, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa emosi berperan dalam proses encoding dan retrieval informasi, yang berdampak pada keberhasilan individu dalam berkomunikasi. Emosi positif terbukti memperkuat memori jangka panjang dan meningkatkan kualitas komunikasi interpersonal, sedangkan emosi negatif, dalam kadar tertentu, juga dapat memperkuat daya ingat terhadap peristiwa bermakna. Keterampilan memahami dan mengelola emosi menjadi penting dalam membangun relasi sosial yang sehat dan komunikasi yang efektif. Kajian ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi dunia pendidikan, psikologi klinis, serta komunikasi organisasi, khususnya dalam konteks pelatihan keterampilan sosial dan manajemen emosi berbasis kognitif.

Numerous studies have shown that obtaining reafferent feedback from self-produced arm movement is not necessary for the occurrence of prism adaptation (e.g., . On the other hand, the advantage of selfproduced or "active" movement over "passive" movement in the adaptation induction procedure originated by Held is an extremely reliable finding . This procedure has the subject simply view his or her prismatically displaced hand as it moves back and forth across the visual field. The movement may be linear or curvilinear. The viewing background is typically unstructured, preferably homogeneous. The rhythm of movement is controlled by the beat of a metronome. In a recent article, argue that an essential ingredient in active movement is acceleration; that unless this acceleration is part of the concomitant reafference, adaptation will not occur. "Thus, with the Held type of exposure, reafference from self-produced arm movements must include a visual acceleration component for adaptation to occur (p. 25)." The implied argument here is that acceleration information is an essential ingredient of reafference, which in itself, is the source of the advantage of active over passive movement. No passive movement control group was used. McCarter and Mikaelian demonstrated that when active-movement subjects performed lateral arm movements on a linear track, significant targetpointing aftereffects occurred only when the subject's

A growing body of evidence suggests that Internet-based cognitive behavioral treatments (ICBT) are effective to treat anxiety disorders. However, the effect of therapist guidance in ICBT is still under debate and guided ICBT offered in a real-time audio-video communication format has not yet been systematically investigated. This three-arm RCT compared the efficacy of guided with unguided ICBT (12 weeks intervention) and a waitlist (WL). A total of 111 individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder (PD) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Primary outcomes were the severity of self-report panic symptoms and diagnostic status. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression, functional impairment, catastrophic cognitions, fear of sensations and body vigilance. At post-treatment, both active conditions showed superior outcomes regarding PD and associated symptoms (guided ICBT vs. WL: d = 1.04-1.36; unguided ICBT vs. WL: d = 0.70-1.06). At post-treatment, t...

The present paper aims to identify several critical guidelines to be considered when creating e-contents for e-mental health solutions. These guidelines should satisfy the mutual constraints imposed by users, relationships, content and format, and digital environment. We claim that a conceptual and methodological transfer from e-learning and traditional psychotherapy research constitutes a solid background for the guidelines we have outlined.

Hundreds of clinical trials offer strong efficacy evidence that Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (ICBT) interventions can contribute substantially to reducing the gap between mental health care needs and service use by providing better access to quality treatments. However, in order to use these interventions more efficiently, we need to find the best ways to tailor the interventions according to individual client characteristics, such as severity of symptoms, comorbidity problems, personality traits, life context, and position on the stage-of-change continuum. In line with this, this article documents how the individual process of psychological treatment unfolds during a specific IBCT program for Panic Disorder, called &quot;PAXonline,&quot; with therapist guidance via Skype. The challenges and progress made by the two clients—a positive-outcome client named &quot;Maria,&quot; and a negative-outcome client named &quot;Andrea&quot;—are presented using the particular mix...