Bioclimatic Architecture

""also see www.sunwindlight.net

How to design buildings that heat with the sun, cool with the wind, light with the sky, and move into the future using on-site renewable resources

Developed for rapid use during schematic design, this book clarifies relationships between form and energy and gives designers tools for designing sustainably. It also:

* Applies the latest passive energy and lighting design research
* Organizes information by architectural elements at three scales:
* building groups, individual buildings, and building parts
* Brings design strategies to life with examples and practical design tools

Features:
* 109 analysis techniques and design strategies
* More than 750 illustrations, sizing graphs, and tables
* Both inch-pound and metric units""

Vernacular architecture is the result of hundreds of years of optimization to provide a comfortable shelter in a local climate using available materials and known construction technologies. Due to the absence of mechanical means, traditional buildings use solar passive measures to achieve thermal comfort conditions.

Uno de los retos más importantes al que se enfrenta el sector de la construcción es conseguir edificios con un consumo de energía muy
reducido, casi nulo. Para ello, es importante contar con herramientas adecuadas, sobre todo en las fases iniciales de proyecto, que faciliten la toma de decisiones. Sin una correcta interpretación de los condicionantes climáticos, geográficos y de emplazamiento, será muy difícil alcanzar los objetivos establecidos. Los climogramas son herramientas para el análisis del confort higrotérmico e interpretación climática con las que establecer estrategias de diseño bioclimático en los edificios. Partiendo de determinados parámetros climáticos característicos
de una localidad (temperatura, humedad, radiación solar, etc.), gracias a estas cartas bioclimáticas es posible determinar las estrategias
pasivas más adecuadas y sencillas de implementar para conseguir edificios energéticamente más consecuentes garantizando las condiciones de confort. En este capítulo se muestra el manejo de los climogramas a través de la aplicación informática CLIMATE CONSULTANT.
Además, se recogen diferentes teorías relacionadas con el análisis del confort higrotérmico facilitando la interpretación de los diagramas.
Finalmente, se muestran ejemplos de climogramas de diferentes ciudades: Madrid, Sevilla, San Sebastián, Oslo y Caracas.

In today’s world, the dependency on energy consumption is increasing exponentially; there is no greater threat to progress and development than the exhaustion of the energy resources that we are extensively over dependent upon. The energy consumption culture has now become a general norm throughout the world but is exceptionally abused in regions that experience extreme temperatures and climatic conditions. With the drastic growth in urbanization, there is a growing need
to control, mitigate and restructure the housing and construction standards to reduce the energy dependency. This study primarily aims to analyze the climatic conditions of hot and arid regions; the vernacular approach towards climate adaptive architecture practiced in this type of a climate in comparison to the current construction trends with the focus being on a specific country, namely the Sultanate of Oman. This paper also aims to propose possible sustainable approaches that can be
conceptualized in contemporary modern day urbanization.

Concept of the dymicity and the meaning ,
The Nature has Dynamic Identity,
The building with the dynamic shape ,
Dynamic inside the building ,
Dynamic of light,
Dynamic of Form
Dynamic in the planning
Dynamic with sustainable approach for example circulation of wind and natural sources Smart materials with dynamic identity...

Investasi dikota Yogyakarta dinilai menarik oleh beberapa kalangan, kemudian pemerintah kota Yogyakarta membuka lebar untuk berinvestasi terutama dibidang sektor telekomunikasi. Yogyakarta menduduki peringkat ke enam dalam kemudahan kota untuk memulai bisnis property. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Yogyakarta meningkat dari tahun 2010-2014 terutama dibidang komunikasi dan real estate. Yogyakarta dikenal sebagai kota pariwisata sehingga akan mudah mendirikan bisnis parawisata di Yogyakarta. Margo Utomo adalah jalan yang memiliki nilai historical di Yogyakarta sehingga sangat cocok menjadi business district, dan fasilitas-fasilitas yang terpenuhi. Dalam isu lingkungan Indonesia adalah importir BBM terbesar kedua didunia, dan konsumsi minyak di Indonesia tahun 2025 selisihnya mencapai 2,5 juta barel perhari, dan itu banya digunakan untuk tenaga bangunan. Sehingga bioklimatik adalah sebuah strategi desain untuk mengurangi energi bangunan terutama dalam energi opersional bangunan, sehingga cocok untuk diterapkan dibangunan kantor sewa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan proyek akhir sarjana ini adalah menggunakan metode problem seeking oleh William Pena. Dalam metode tersebut penulis melihat permasalahan yang ada kemudian diarahkan menjadi persoalan desain yaitu persoalan tata ruang, gubahan massa, dan selubung bangunan. Setelah mendapatkan persoalan desain setelah itu pemecahan persoalan desain dengan menganalisis yang kemudian di synthesis menjadi konsep bangunan. Konsep bangunan kantor sewa ini adalah efisiensi dalam perancangan ruang yang dijabarkan dengan penggunaan koridor yang menjadi pembatas aktifitas sehingga tidak ada ruang terbuang, unit kantor ditempatkan dalam sisi luar di bangunan, lalu selaras dengan pattern bangunan kawasan di Margo Utomo namun tetap kontras sebagai bangunan komersial. Massa bangunan yang menggunakan self shading, dan penggunaan shading sesuai dengan arah mata angin bangunan sehingga sinar matahari langsung tidak dapat masuk ke bangunan dan terpantulkan menjadi daylighting sebagai sumber pencahayaan kantor. Evaluasi bangunan menggunakan software ecotech untuk mendapatkan data daylighting yang masuk dalam bangunan, kemudian software excel untuk mendapatkan data efisiensi koridor, dan perhitungan manual untuk menghitung cooling load. Kata kunci : Kantor Sewa, Bioklimatik, Margo Utomo.

Preliminary studies of twelve residential colleges located in the University of Malaya campus, Kuala Lumpur were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of their current implementation of bioclimatic design strategies, as well as their performance in terms of electricity usage. It was found that residential college buildings designed with an internal courtyard and balconies for each room achieve the most efficient electricity use, within a range of between 24 to 33 kWh/m2/year, while other residential college buildings recorded annual electricity use of between 40 to 125 kWh/m2/year.
One of them, 5th residential college (5th RC) was selected for the case study due to its best implementation of bioclimatic design strategies that encourage efficient energy use. Furthermore, its uniform building layout minimises uncontrolled variables in further field investigation and evaluations.
The satisfaction and perception surveys show that a majority of respondents at 5th RC are at a comfortable level. This is based on findings from all performance indicators of functional elements, thermal comfort and indoor air quality, as well as, visual comfort and landscape elements. The 5th RC is capable to provide a comfortable living space with indoor temperatures ranging from 28°C to 30°C with 70% to 78% relative humidity. Different locations have different effects on room conditions and higher temperatures were recorded at rooms on the top level of the building compared to rooms at the lower levels. There were no significant differences detected owing to different orientation of rooms which are largely due to the effects of the green landscape. Higher values of daylight intensity were recorded in the corridor compared to the daylight intensity in the rooms which even varies in amount at different areas within the same room. Further analysis show that night ventilation provides better thermal comfort for residents compared to other ventilation options like full-day and daytime ventilation or no ventilation at all.
The living behaviour assessment reveals that residents of 5th RC have adapted well to maintain the comfort level in their rooms. Only light activities were conducted in the rooms which reduces the metabolic heat production. Ceiling fans were fully utilized at the maximum speed of five for maintaining air circulation in the rooms where the operable windows are closed most of the time due to the safety issues. Light clothing was worn at most times, especially on sunny days. In fulfilling the need for privacy, curtains have been overused and leading to the use of artificial lighting.
The study concludes, residential college buildings that implement the appropriate bioclimatic design strategies, particularly to address natural ventilation and daylighting issues tend to achieve a desired comfort level and efficient electricity usage. With a well-planned design improvement, better results can be achieved without sacrificing the needs and comfort level of the residents.

Küresel ölçekli çevre ve enerji sorunlarının ulaştığı tehlikeli nokta bu sorunların azaltılması için, ekolojik sistem dengelerini korumaya yönelik sürdürülebilir bakış açılarını geliştirmiştir. İnsana ve çevreye saygılı, doğal kaynaklara zarar vermeyen, iklimle uyumlu, konfor koşullarının oluşturulmasında yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarını kullanarak daha az enerji harcayan, geri dönüşümlü malzeme kullanımına öncelik tanıyan, yapısal ve evsel atık oranı azaltılmış ekolojik binalar önem kazanmıştır.

El auge edificador y los consumos exponenciales producto del modelo de desarrollo imperante, se han convertido en muchos lugares en fuerzas avasalladoras sobre los paisajes naturales que inducen la transformación y destrucción de la trama ecológica que sustenta la vida sobre el planeta. La práctica actual del diseño del paisaje se plantea en el escenario complejo de una naturaleza en crisis, es entonces cuando esta disciplina es llamada a contribuir al restablecimiento de una relación armónica entre los seres humanos y la naturaleza. En esa dirección, Diseño Paisajístico en el Trópico: consideraciones para el caso colombiano, recoge insumos tanto teóricos como prácticos relacionados con el diseño del paisaje, referidos a aspectos históricos, técnicos y metodológicos, con el ánimo de estimular la reflexión sobre el carácter de las intervenciones humanas sobre el entorno.  Se presentan elementos de análisis para el desarrollo de propuestas paisajísticas que tengan como premisa la sustentabilidad ambiental, con el objetivo de incidir en la restauración de las estructuras naturales deterioradas y reducción de los impactos negativos de la intervención antrópica. Este libro fue publicado originalmente en su versión impresa, por el Programa Editorial de la Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia) en 2012.

Access to site-based energy resources is a pre-requisite for natural lighting, solar heating, and natural ventilation in buildings. This paper describes design methods and proposals developed for the City of Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA, to simultaneously address access to daylight, solar radiation and wind for as many buildings as possible in the urban core. The study area is the entire downtown district. Results include specific design proposals as part of the city’s Downtown Plan along with portable design patterns that may be employed in other cities. The organization of buildings, streets and open spaces in higher density areas can either preserve or block access to sun, wind, and light resources. I developed a composite technique, ‘Climatic Envelopes,’ which regulates the shape of buildings on a block or site for the purpose of protecting access to both daylight from the sky and direct radiation from sun. It combines the ‘Daylight Envelope’ with the ‘Solar Envelope’. This technique was applied to the existing pattern of blocks and buildings in the downtown core. Results show that existing buildings were not designed to consider other sites’ rights to light and sun. My team developed building configurations that satisfy the criteria for composite climatic envelopes and follow several design patterns for daylighting, while maximizing development potential. The resulting calculated floor area ratio for the proposed pattern was twice the existing density. The team developed proposals for modifications to cool the city by creating additional shade, channeling winds to bring ventilation to more buildings, and working withthe existing topography, resulting in a ‘Downtown Cooling Plan.’
Keywords: daylight access, daylight envelope, solar access, solar envelope,passive solar heating, urban design, climatic envelope, passive cooling, urbancooling, urban microclimate

The aim is to study ancient fountains in their architectural context, in the belief that the context will reveal their function in the dwelling.  This article first analyzes the fountain structures and examines the relationship between each structure and the architecture. Through this approach, it is possible to reach some conclusions of more general value, concerning the function of central parts of Roman houses.

La habitabilidad está relacionada con la calidad de vida y por tanto es susceptible de cuantificación, y más aún, de control por el diseño arquitectónico. Ello con el compromiso de proporcionar mejores condiciones espaciales, partiendo de estándares determinados con los cuales se establece un deber, tomando como referencia un usuario, o mejor dicho, un habitante. Habitabilidad se refiere, al menos en vivienda, a las condiciones en las que la familia la habita-habilita. Estas condiciones son determinadas por las características físicas de la vivienda, el sitio, las características psicosociales de la familia, que se expresan en hábitos, conductas o maneras de ser, adquiridas y consolidadas en el transcurso del tiempo. El presente trabajo intenta realizar una aportación para la propuesta de construcción de indicadores de habitabilidad para la vivienda, en particular para la vivienda rural. Para su tratamiento se ha elegido analizar y describir las diferentes metodologías para la evaluación de la habitabilidad, para finalmente identificar los parámetros y determinar la habitabilidad en la vivienda rural, considerando que los conceptos anteriormente mencionados son considerados para vivienda urbana; se propone para su tratamiento apoyarse en una metodología determinada que se adapte más fácilmente al tipo de vivienda en estudio. Palabras clave: habitabilidad, vivienda rural, sustentabilidad.

El proyecto “Energías Renovables en Argentina: Visiones y perspectivas de los actores sociales. Hacia un análisis integral de los Sistemas
Tecnológicos Sociales, desarrollo productivo y sustentabilidad socio-ambiental” surgió como una respuesta a la necesidad de comprender
integralmente el escenario actual de las Energías Renovables (EERR) en Argentina y plantear propuestas para mejorar su inserción en el país.
Dicho proyecto fue desarrollado por un equipo multidisciplinario conformado por diversas entidades científicas del país (Universidad Nacional de Salta, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Universidad Nacional La Plata, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán) entre los años 2014-2017 y fue financiado por el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones
Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y la Fundación YPF.
A diferencia de otros estudios realizados en este tema a nivel país, la investigación se orientó a relevar aplicaciones concretas de EERR en el territorio, promoviendo un diálogo directo con los diversos actores sociales relacionados a cada experiencia. En los extensos kilómetros recorridos y enriquecedores momentos de acercamiento y conversación, descubrimos una diversidad de situaciones que constituyen en sí mismas un potencial de aprendizaje muy alto, tanto para el sector de ciencia y tecnología (en relación con el
desarrollo y adecuación de nuevas tecnologías) como gubernamental (para la toma de decisiones) y de la población en general (oportunidades para mejorar las condiciones de vida y del ambiente).
Esta publicación aspira a compartir algunos de estos ‘hallazgos’, en la certeza de que acercarse a la realidad del territorio con actitud de escucha y asombro es el primer paso para mejorar el lugar donde vivimos. Se presenta por tanto como un libro de divulgación científica, pensado para un público amplio y variado con interés en este tema tan actual y tan complejo (las energías renovables). Las diversas experiencias se presentan situadas en un espacio y un tiempo
definidos, describiendo sus características y rescatando las percepciones de los actores sociales. Las visitas de campo se realizaron principalmente en el año 2015, por lo que la realidad puede
haber cambiado hasta el momento de publicación de este libro. Asimismo, pueden existir otras interpretaciones y miradas, tan válidas
como las aquí expresadas. Sin embargo, y superando las limitaciones del trabajo, estamos convencidos que de cada experiencia hay mucho para aprender. Más allá de los aciertos o desaciertos, son caminos recorridos, historias de vida, oportunidades para seguir caminando… Las experiencias de EERR se presentan desde esta perspectiva: tecnológica, social y humana, abriendo una mirada respetuosa al territorio donde ocurren los procesos y se materializan los cambios.
Finalmente, este libro quiere ser un gesto de agradecimiento a todas y cada una de las personas que nos recibieron y compartieron sus puntos
de vista en cada visita. Esperamos que este viaje por el país les resulte tan interesante como a nosotros.

The building sector plays an important role in energy consumption. In order to tap this potential for energy savings and reduction of CO2-emissions the energy-efficiency of buildings has to be improved as soon as possible. With the European "Energy Performance of Buildings Directive" (EPBD), which has to be turned into national laws by the European member states, an important step into this direction has been done. But unfortunately energy efficient buildings in Mediterranean area are usually facing problems resulting from Nord Europe exemples, where aren't calculate summer climate problems. With a selection of 11 Mediterranean high quality low energy buildings and detailed information about their architecture, their building concept, their measured energy performance and their building costs, the article want help to improve the image of energy efficient buildings and promote the diffusion of tecnologies to answer to summer issues.

RESUMO A arquitetura bioclimática teve, ao longo das últimas décadas, sua importância resgatada, sobretudo devido à inclusão da eficiência energética na agenda mundial. No Brasil, mesmo com a ampla divulgação das preocupações com a sustentabilidade das edificações, ainda são poucos os exemplos de edifícios projetados visando à economia de energia, principalmente nas regiões menos desenvolvidas do país. Este artigo apresenta um estudo de eficiência energética para um edifício escolar construído na cidade de Natal, nordeste do país, que incorporou ao seu projeto alguns conceitos bioclimáticos. O estudo demonstra através de simulações computacionais, que, por meio de simples decisões projetuais, como orientação adequada e sombreamento das aberturas, é possível reduzir o potencial de consumo energético de uma edificação, quando comparado a soluções projetuais normalmente encontradas na região. ABSTRACT The bioclimatic architecture had, over the past decades, its importance rescued, mainly due to the inclusion of energy efficiency on the global agenda. In Brazil, despite the widespread concerns about the sustainability of buildings, there are few examples of buildings designed aiming at energy savings, especially in less developed regions of the country. This article presents a study of energy efficiency for a school building in Natal, northeastern Brazil, which incorporated bioclimatic design concepts. The study demonstrates through computer simulations that using simple project decisions as appropriate orientation and shading of openings, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of a building when compared to design solutions typically found in local buildings.

Vernacular architecture has demonstrated its perfect environmental adaptation through its empirical development and improvement by generations of user-builders. Nowadays, the sustainability of vernacular architecture is the aim of some research projects in which the same method should be applied in order to be comparable. Hence, we propose a research method putting together various steps. Through the analysis of geographical, lithology, economic, cultural and social influence as well as materials and constructive
systems, vernacular architecture is analyzed. But, all this information is put together with the natural landscape (topography and vegetation) and the climatic data (temperature, winds, rain and sun exposure). In addition, the use of bioclimatic charts, such as Olgyay or Givoni’s, revealed the necessities and strategies in urban and building design. They are satisfied in the vernacular architecture by the application of different energy conservation mechanisms, some of them are shown by different examples in this paper.

Vernacular architecture was developed based on the daily needs of people, while one of its most important challenges is to create a microclimate acceptable to the residents. Today the survival of traditional buildings based on their adaptability to social and climatic changes.

This Dissertation Project examines the values and potentials of vernacular architecture at a global and regional level, focusing on three
traditional dwellings in the the walled Nicosia in Cyprus and their bioclimatic design principles. The conclusions and outcomes of this research confirms the adaptability of vernacular architecture and proposes a number of recommendations for future research.

Gli edifici ad alta efficienza energetica costruiti in Europa adottano prevalentemente la tecnologia delle pareti multistrato leggere (pareti stratificate a secco con la tecnologia S/R, pareti prefabbricate con il sistema SAAD, pareti in legno, etc) con un pacchetto costituito, quasi totalmente, da materiali strutturali a bassa densità ed isolanti termici ad elevato spessore (anche 20-30 cm), a basso peso specifico e, quindi, a bassa massa di accumulo, al fine di ottenere valori di trasmittanza termica stazionaria molto bassi (inferiori comunque a 0,15 W/mqK). E’, comunque, da considerare che tali tecniche di super-isolamento, trovano indicazione soprattutto in zone climatiche continentali del nord e centro Europa, dove i consumi per il riscaldamento invernale prevalgono nettamente su quelli per il raffrescamento estivo. Inoltre, mentre nel periodo invernale il requisito principale è la protezione del trasferimento del calore dagli ambienti interni all’esterno, durante il periodo estivo, uno dei requisiti è quello dello smaltimento, di notte, del sovraccarico termico accumulato durante il giorno: purtroppo, questa tipologia di involucro “iperisolata”, essendo caratterizzata da una bassa massa termica e, quindi, da una limitata inerzia termica, non permette di “scaricare” adeguatamente nelle ore notturne, il calore accumulato durante il giorno innescando, così, un processo di surriscaldamento. In zone climatiche calde e temperate come, ad esempio, l’area del bacino del mediterraneo, tale fenomeno di sovraccarico termico risulta molto spesso
irreversibile se non vi è, nella costruzione, un perfetto controllo delle fonti di irraggiamento solare (effetto serra) ed un’adeguata
gestione degli apporti gratuiti di calore all’interno dell’edificio (persone, elettrodomestici ed apparecchiature elettriche, illuminazione artificiale, etc). Oltretutto, con questa tipologia di involucro non è possibile sfruttare i benefici dei sistemi passivi di riscaldamento, vista la limitatezza e, in alcuni casi, la totale mancanza di superfici dotate di massa di accumulo termico in grado, quindi, di accumulare il calore quando necessario, per poi distribuirlo agli spazi interni quando l’effetto del guadagno solare cessa. Anche per quanto riguarda il raffrescamento passivo, la massa di accumulo termico appare necessaria in quanto potrebbe essere sfruttata come vero e proprio pozzo termico.
A questi inconvenienti si è cercato di porre rimedio mediante l’adozione di elementi strutturali dotati di massa di accumulo termico (come, ad esempio, solai e pavimenti massivi, corpi scala in cemento armato, strati di intonaco interno ad alto spessore, etc) e/o l’impiego, nella stratificazione delle tamponature esterne, di materiali dotati di una maggiore densità e/o calore specifico (ad esempio pannelli in legno massiccio tipo X-LAM, lana di legno e fibra di legno ad alta densità, fibra di legno mineralizzata, fibre di cellulosa o canapa, intonaci in terra cruda, etc.); tuttavia, il ricorso a tali soluzioni, anche se in alcuni casi consente di raggiungere degli ottimali valori di trasmittanza termica periodica e dei discreti valori di sfasamento ed attenuazione, non permette, comunque, di raggiungere
degli adeguati valori di capacità termica areica interna periodica, di massa termica e di ammettenza interna estiva. Infatti, in area
climatica mediterranea e, comunque, in zone dal clima caldo e/o temperato, un involucro edilizio altamente performante dal punto di vista energetico, se caratterizzato da una scarsa ammettenza interna e da un’insufficiente capacità termica areica interna periodica, (che in parole povere rappresenta la capacità di un componente edilizio di accumulare i carichi termici provenienti dall'interno) può innescare, all’interno dell’edificio, dei fenomeni di surriscaldamento sia nella stagioni estive che nelle stagioni intermedie, (soprattutto in ambienti con alto indice di affollamento) e, quindi, delle condizioni di estremo discomfort termico.

The need to reduce energy consumption in buildings leads to the development of new facade systems that can be energy efficient; thus, contributing significantly to heat transfer between outdoor and
indoor spaces. Here, the versatility and flexibility of the modules are key attributes. For this purpose, this study focused on the thermal performance of Trombe walls and glazings and the glazing daylighting
performance of a modular fac¸ade system in four different Portuguese cities. Computational simulations for the thermal performance of different arrangements of the modules were accomplished with the DesignBuilder software, while the glazing daylighting performance was studied by means of Ecotect and Desktop Radiance software, and compared with the transmittance curves of glazings. Occupancy profile and internal gains were fixed according to the Portuguese reality for both studies. The main characteristics considered in this research were the use of two double glazings, four different
Portuguese climates and one or two Trombe walls in the facade. According to results, the use of Trombe walls and double self-cleaning glazing in the fac¸ade showed an important reduction in the energy consumption as well as better daylighting performance.

La présente proposition s’intéresse à l’aspect bioclimatique dans l’habitat à travers une étude de l’architecture traditionnelle Mozabite. La question posée est comment l’architecture mozabite peut-elle être utile dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables ? Somme nous capables de faire évoluer ses principes en de solutions contemporaines ?
Il s’agit donc d’étudier le côté bioclimatique de l’habitat mozabite. Pour atteindre nos objectifs, nous adopterons une approche qualitative. Ainsi les outils mobilisés pour le recueil et l’analyse des données sont, essentiellement la recherche documentaire. La consultation de fonds cartographiques ; principalement ceux de l’office de la promotion de la vallée du M’Zab (OPVM), de la direction de l’urbanisme et de la construction (DUC de Ghardaïa). Cette recherche documentaire a pour objectif, entre autres, la mise en place d’un cadre théorique du sujet. Nous serons particulièrement soucieux de croiser différents types d’approches et de perspectives sans pour autant nous éloigner du  terrain  et oublier de mobiliser nos compétences d’architecte. Nous avons alors mobilisé d’autres outils tels que l’observation.
Mots clés :
M’Zab, architecture traditionnelle, bioclimatique, durabilité.

En una primera fase este trabajo analiza algunas representaciones de la arquitectura popular en el mundo según clasificación de climas específicos.
A través de este análisis inicial, se sacan conclusiones con respecto a las estrategias bioclimáticas utilizadas por los primitivos y los materiales que usaban en sus construcciones. A partir de ello, se intenta caracterizar el nivel de
confort higrotérmico que supuestamente se puede tener en los tipos de arquitectura según los climas estudiados.
Además, el trabajo se ha centrado también en estudiar en profundidad la arquitectura popular brasileña y, dentro de esta, se ha elegido un tipo de arquitectura representativo de ese país y de una ciudad en concreto, que son los Palafitos y las Ocas Indígenas en Salvador de Bahía, Brasil.
Al finalizar el trabajo, se hace una comparación con otras construcciones de palafitos existentes en el resto del mundo y una breve simulación de un recinto estándar adaptándose a las estrategias bioclimáticas para el lugar.
Luego se sacan las conclusiones de las simulaciones y las conclusiones generales del presente estudio.

Doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir yöntemlerle değerlendirilmesini amaçlayan ve günümüzün sağladığı olanaklarla desteklenip geliştirilen toprağa dayalı yapım sistemleri, önemli ekolojik ve ekonomik avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Yaşadığımız dönemde, bir yandan çevre sorunları, etkin enerji kullanımı gereksinimleri, sağlıklı ve konforlu yaşam istekleri, diğer yandan ekonomik açıdan sürdürülebilir inşaat yöntemi arayışları toprak yapı konusunu güncelleştirdi. Bugün dünyanın hemen her ülkesinde toprak yapıları iyileştirmeyi ve geliştirmeyi amaçlayan çalışmalar yürütülmekte iken, çok ileri düzeyde geleneksel toprak yapı teknolojisine ve kültürüne sahip olan Türkiye’de bu yöndeki çalışmaların kısıtlı kaldığını söyleyebiliriz. Bu kitap, gerek bireysel projeler bağlamında, gerekse de ülkemizde konut sorununa bir çözüm yöntemi olarak, toprağa dayalı, küçükölçekte ve yerel kaynaklara bağlı mimarlık pratiklerini önceleyen bir yapı modeli önermektedir. Çağdaş Yapı Malzemesi Toprak ve Alker, toprak yapı malzemesi ve teknolojisi konusundaki bilgi birikiminin kapsamlı bir sunumunu içeriyor. Aynı zamanda, yapım aşamasında ve kullanım sürecinde olabildiğince az enerji tüketen, çevre kirliliği yaratmayan, yapay donatı gerektirmeden sağlıklı yaşam koşullarını kendi bünyesinde gerçekleştiren bir malzeme olan Alker’in (alçı ve kireçle stabilize edilen toprak) mekanik ve fiziksel niteliklerini belirleyen deneylerin sonuçlarını sunuyor; üretimi ve inşaat süreci konusundaki araştırma ve deneyimlerimizi bütünlüklü olarak ortaya koyuyor.
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Earthen building technologies that introduce novel interpretations of traditional building methods provide significant ecological and economical advantages. They offer possibilities for the sustainable use of natural resources, and for the development of appropriate building technologies that favor small scale, energy-efficient, and environmentally sound architectural practices utilizing local resources. Behind the current rise of interest in earthen building technologies in various areas of the world are increasingly visible environmental concerns, requirements for efficient energy use, and the desire for creating healthy and comfortable living environments. While earthen building has emerged as a topic of research in diverse academic environments, in Turkey, a country with a rooted tradition of adobe construction, the topic has attracted relatively less attention.

This book offers a model for sustainable architecture based on earthen building. It offers a comprehensive overview of the use of earth as a building material, detailing historical and contemporary earthen building technologies, methods of construction-oriented soil selection, and techniques of erosion resistant soil stabilization. At the same time, it presents the first book-length treatment of Alker, produced by the addition of gypsum, lime, and water to earth with the appropriate granulometric structure and with a cohesive property. Unbaked and produced on-site either as adobe blocks or by the rammed earth technique, it offers important economical and environmental advantages, and has been used in a number of small and middle-sized projects in various locations in Turkey. Alker is characterized by its quick setting time, hence preventing clay shrinkage and eliminating the need for curing and drying processes. Unlike traditional unbaked earthen building materials, it exhibits high resistance to water-related erosion. Çağdaş Yapı Malzemesi Toprak ve Alker details the investigations on the mechanical and physical properties of this building material, and presents the research and experiments on its production and its use in construction.

The deep hot hyper-arid valley between Israel and Jordan presents unique design and construction challenges for energy conservation and thermal comfort. Winters are relatively mild, summers extremely hot during the day, with night air temperature remaining above 25 • C. Such conditions present real challenges in this sparsely populated yet rapidly developing region. Development depends on the ability to provide acceptable indoor environments at a low energy investment. Potential solutions were investigated through a parametric analysis including physical and operational elements aiming at establishing benchmarks for free running, low energy buildings under extreme conditions. First, building performance was simulated for a limited number of parameters. Additional operational and physical parameters were introduced and results compared. Data were analyzed to determine the best performing options for building assemblies.

Este documento está conformado por el "capítulo 2: Antecedentes (marco teórico y estado del arte)" de la tesis titulada Confort Térmico en Bioclima Semi-Frío: Estimación a partir de los Enfoques de Estudio Adaptativo y Predictivo (Caso de estudio: Centro de Estudios de Eduación Superior en Pachuca, Hidalgo)...

New thinking and new settlement patterns can create a city in harmony with nature.

Our team was asked by the Chattanooga Downtown Planning and Design Studio to study how the downtown plan could be environmentally sound. We were charged with articulating the issues, framing the problems, looking for larger integrative patterns, and proposing innovative solutions for an ecologically healthy downtown. The objective was to find practical ways for natural systems and urban development to reinforce each other.

We make six main recommendations that are necessary to fully take advantage of our integrated approach.

1  An Integral Development Framework
2  A Green Infrastructure Network
3  An Integrated Water Network
4  A Green Neighborhoods Program
5  A Green Buildings Program
6  A Green Policy Framework

This paper investigates an approach to the use of fractals in architectural design. Two major aspects are discussed. First, the effect of the direction of the line segments on the generated fractal, as well as, the proportions between the generator and the initiator. Secondly, the meanings attached to the lines segments that constitute the fractal are based on some known architectural organization. The goal is to develop a basis for using fractals to suggest architectural forms.

Entre los años 1991 y 2012 existe un incremento del consumo energético en un 95%. donde el área residencial es parte del 27% del total. Si a esto le incluimos la existencia de incoherencias entre la zonificación térmica y climática, y exclusión de los microclimas existentes en la normativa nacional, se puede inferir que las viviendas construidas podrían verse afectadas por problemas bioclimáticos.

En cuanto a las políticas públicas del país y su relación con los conjuntos de vivienda social, las familias beneficiadas por los subsidios se ven altamente expuestas a la pobreza y vulnerabilidad energética. Obligándolas a realizar distintas clases de adaptaciones espontáneas en sus viviendas para solucionar estas problemáticas. Sin embargo, al no tener las herramientas o tomar decisiones correctas, podrían generarse otro tipo de problemas.

Hipótesis de investigación: Las deficiencias existentes en la normativa térmica permiten que en la vivienda social chilena se generen problemas bioclimáticos y socio-espaciales. Estos obligan a la gente a crear adaptaciones espontáneas en sus casas para poder darle algún tipo de solución. Las que muchas veces podrían convertirse en nuevos problemas, por no tener los conocimientos necesarios para llevar a cabo estas soluciones.

Se estudian  viviendas en tres conjuntos sociales de la Provincia de Ñuble,  con características similares:

Todos son conjuntos de reconstrucción, con año de entrega 2013.
Las viviendas son de dos pisos, pareadas y de materialidad mixta, además de tener metros cuadrados construidos muy similares.
Sus características climáticas (clima y microclimas) son iguales.
Se recopila un total de 10 casos de estudio,  de los cuales se hace una clasificación según las estrategias de diseño que coincidan con los tipos de análisis: radiación y sombra.

Se realiza un diagnóstico bioclimático por medio del programa Ecotect, a las tres viviendas tipo sin adaptación y a cada caso de estudio clasificado. Esto, para evaluar si son eficientes (desde el punto de vista bioclimático) por si solas, en el caso de la vivienda tipo. Y si las adaptaciones espontáneas cumplen la función que se les adjudica.

Resultados:

De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se puede inferir que las viviendas sociales, en su gran mayoría no son eficientes desde el punto de vista bioclimáticos. Esto se puede deber a la inexistencia de aleros que protejan de la radiación solar directa. Y las adaptaciones espontáneas si son eficientes, para la función que se le adjudica en la temporada de verano. Pero en la época de invierno, la mayoría de los casos podría generar problemáticas en el proceso de captación de calor.  Esto podría deberse a la utilización de materiales muy densos y por tener la cualidad de ser dispositivos estáticos que se utilizan todo el año.

Esse trabalho apresenta a experiência de ensino dos conceitos de projeto bioclimático em disciplina de projeto do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da UNICAMP. Observa-se que a associação da teoria na área de conforto e prática no ensino de projeto de arquitetura fornece uma série de restrições necessárias ao processo criativo. Relata-se a experiência de um semestre em que o tema do projeto era a edificação escolar. Foram formados dois grupos de alunos, em que um trabalhou com as exigências e restrições da FDE -Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo e o outro com os conceitos da arquitetura orgânica. Os dois grupos desenvolveram avaliações de desempenho térmico, e observações de aspectos de acústica, iluminação, funcionalidade, acessibilidade em escolas públicas da região de Campinas. Para o primeiro grupo observou-se que a existência de problemas e restrições estimulou o desenvolvimento de projetos criativos e com qualidade bioclimática adequada. Os projetos que seguiram os conceitos da arquitetura organica apresentaram resultados bioclimáticos menos favoráveis, principalmente pelas formas curvas adotadas com orientações variadas. Os resultados comprovam que as restrições são importantes ao desenvolvimento do processo criativo estimulando empenho maior na procura de soluções de qualidade e devem ser formalmente usados no ensino de projeto.

auténtica, tradicional y regional en que las personas construían sus casas es llamada arquitectura vernácula. El arquitecto Bernard Rudofsky en su libro Arquitectura sin Arquitectos, demostró la conexión que las personas de distintas culturas tenían con su entorno natural, encontrando convergencias similares en la forma en que construían a

Born in Brussels, in a family of architects, comics artist François Schuiten grew up fascinated by the Art Noveau architecture with which Victor Horta, Antoine Pompe, Paul Cauchie or Henri van de Velde had created a characteristic urban scene.
Introduced into art by his father, architect and painter Robert Schuiten, François decided to channel his interests on architecture, drawing, and the aesthetics of the XIX Century into the realms of graphic narrative. As early as 1977, François and
his brother, architect Luc Schuiten, collaborated on the fi rst short stories that would evolve into the very architectural series Les Terres Creuses, where the preference for a decimononic refinement in the graphic style, as well as for a vegetal stylization of the shapes and a concern with ecology combined with a critique of alienation in modern society. These aspects would be further developed in the parallel careers of the Schuiten brothers in the fields of architecture (Luc), and graphic narrative and scenographic design (François). In both cases, the vegetal impulse of Art Nouveau would have a major presence, being elevated to an urban scale.

The aim of this paper is to present the bioclimatic analysis tool (BAT), developed by the authors to facilitate the analysis of the climatic elements and factors involved in the bioclimatic design, from which the convenient design strategies, according to the climatic conditions of the site, may be derived.

Resumen.
El objetivo del presente artículo es dar a conocer la herramienta de análisis bioclimático (BAT), desarrollada por los autores con el fin de facilitar el análisis de los elementos y factores climáticos que intervienen en el diseño bioclimático, a partir del cual se podrán derivar las estrategias de diseño más convenientes de acuerdo a las condiciones climáticas del sitio de estudio.

The aim of this work is to identify the main strategies
of bioclimatic design for rural homes located in semicold
climates of Mexico and its consideration in the
building design. This is exemplified through the
architectural design and contrast of two case studies
located in Ciudad Serdán, Puebla and Acaxochitlán,
Hidalgo. Design strategies were defined based on site
analysis, climate analysis and user requirements. Also
major bioclimatic design tools such as Olgyay's
bioclimatic chart, Givoni's psychrometric chart, the
stereographic projections, were considered.
The results of the analysis of all these factors and
tools show that direct solar gains is one of the main
strategies of passive climate control for semi cold
climates. However due to the daily temperature swing
in both cases, the use of materials of high thermal
mass, it is the most promising strategy to increase the
number of hours of comfort. On the other hand the
internal gains generated by a device increasingly used
in rural communities, such as patsari stove are
complementary to the rest of the overall strategies for
semi-cold climates.
Promote direct solar gains by glazing or
greenhouses, and indirect gains using thermal mass,
are related to the correct solar orientation of the
building and the location of spaces in relation to solar
radiation and its distribution throughout the day.
These design strategies are easy to apply and
suitable for rural homes because are base on local
resources in terms of materials and energy. On the
other hand it will increase the hours of comfort inside
the houses reducing the use of energy sources such
as gas or firewood.

This paper presents various aspects which characterise traditional architecture in northern Greece, and
which can be related to bioclimatic and environmentally-friendly architecture. The study is based on the
documentation and the analysis of the architectural and bioclimatic aspects of remaining houses of the 19th
and the beginning of the 20th century. The aim of the study is to document and assess, both qualitatively
and quantitatively, all the afore-mentioned aspects in order to draw conclusions concerning the principles
which characterised this architecture and can be integrated to the restoration of existing buildings or the
design of new ones in traditional surroundings. The study focuses on towns and villages of Northern Greece
in an attempt to detect, document and analyse the bioclimatic elements and the design principles of
traditional architecture of the 19th and 20th century. The analysis is mainly based on a large-scale in-situ
research, which included the documentation of more than one hundred traditional buildings. From this
research, data concerning the typology, the form, the materials and the construction techniques of the
buildings are presented. Furthermore, the bioclimatic behaviour of typical constructions based on issues of
properties of the building shell, as well as thermal and visual comfort conditions throughout the year, are
presented. The results provide valuable information concerning the sustainability aspects of architectural
cultural heritage and lead to the understanding and formulation of a series of design and construction
principles that characterise the traditional architecture of Northern Greece and can be applied as guidelines
for the protection and conservation of historical buildings.

Raw earth is the building material most used for the realization of the currently existing traditional housing in the world. Its versatility, its low environmental impact and employability in cooperation projects in the poorest countries make it one of the most current research topics in the field of sustainability. It is necessary to proceed with in-depth knowledge of its performance characteristics and use, through the study of the different techniques by which it is employed, not only for the purpose of restoration but also of recoveries after earthquakes and other natural disasters or caused by men. Finally, the knowledge of mud building techniques through re-appropriating its long tradition, can lead, through the integration of modern technology, to obtain optimized procedures for the construction of the future, more and more prone to energy saving criteria and low environmental impact, as well as health and hygrothermal comfort.

Ante los problemas de habitabilidad y desempeño ambiental de los modelos de vivienda producida en serie se comienza a revalorar los esquemas de las casas tradicionales. Un elemento característico de las casas tradicionales de Colima es el patio central rodeado por corredores. En particular se cuestiona el modelo de confinamiento de los espacios de las casas convencionales contemporáneas como la mejor solución al problema de la habitabilidad y se ha comenzado a valorar la conveniencia de los espacios serniabiertos, como
son los corredores. En el presente artículo se analiza el desempeño térmico de 30 corredores localizados en 19 viviendas del centro histórico de la ciudad de Colima.
Se identificaron las principales variables de diseño que inciden en el desempeño térmico: sección del corredor, altura de cerramientos, orientación (expresada en tiempo
de exposición) .
Paced with the problems of habitability and environmental performance posed by large housing projects, the architectural schemes once used to build traditional houses are being reconsidered. The typical components of a traditional Colima house are its central yard surrounded by corridors. The confining model of conventional contemporary housing is particularly disputed as the best solution to habitability issues, and open-sided spaces such as the corridors are recommended. This paper analyzes the thermal performance of 30 corridors located in 19 houses in Colima city's historie downtown.
The main design variables that affect thermal performance were identified: corridors' width, openings height, orientation (measured in solar exposure time).

La cadena montañosa de las Laurentides (provincia de Quebec, Canadá) se extiende paralela al norte del río San Lorenzo desde la región de los grandes lagos hasta la península del Labrador. Se trata de una sucesión de colinas y montañas cuyas máximas cotas apenas superan los 1.100 metros de altura. Bajo el topónimo de las Laurentides se designa a una región administrativa de la provincia de Quebec al noroeste de Montreal. El trabajo de investigación se ha ceñido a un área representativa de la región de las Laurentides: los municipios de Mont-Tremblant (formado por las entidades de población de Mont-Tremblant, Saint-Jovite y Saint-Jovite Parish) y de Lac Tremblant-Nord. El sistema de lagos del área de estudio está dominado por el Lago Tremblant, si bien entre las colinas se ubican otros lagos como el Caché, el Gélinas, el Mercier, el Ouimet o el Duhamel. El desagüe natural de estos lagos se produce a través de arroyos y riachuelos que vierten al río du Diable.

Singapore's high dependence on imported energy and food resources, and the lack of available land requires an efficient use of the built environment in order to increase energy and food autonomy. This paper proposes the concept of a productive façade (PF) system that integrates photovoltaic (PV) modules as shading devices as well as farming planters. It also outlines the design optimization process for eight PF prototypes comprising two categories of PF systems: Window façade and balcony façade, for four orientations. Five criteria functions describing the potential energy and food production as well as indoor visual and thermal performance were assessed by a parametric modelling tool. Optimal PF prototypes were subsequently obtained through the VIKOR optimization method, which selects the optimal design variants by compromising between the five criteria functions. East and West-facing façades require greater solar protection, and most façades require high-tilt angles on their shading PV panels. The optimal arrangement for vegetable planters involves two planters located relatively low with regard to the railing or window sill. Finally, the optimal façade designs were adjusted according to the availability of resources and the conditions and context of the Tropical Technologies Laboratory (T 2 Lab) in Singapore where they are installed.

High performance glass and Trombe
walls in the façade was studied in this
research. The paper reports results of an
ongoing investigation on a new façade
system concept, designed as: “Façade
Modules for Eco-Eficient Refurbishment
of Buildings”, especially on energy ef! -
ciency of Trombe wall and glazing modules
arrangement. Computational simulation
was carried out by using the software
DesignBuilder. Two double glazing types
and Trombe walls were considered for
three different climates in Portugal and
four solar orientations. Results obtained
for heating energy needs were compared
to all façade con! gurations. The use of
Trombe wall and the double self-cleaning
glass in the façade point towards a
signi! cant decrease of heating energy
needs. The great majority of the façades
combinations presented energy needs
lower than the maximum allowed by the
Portuguese regulation (RCCTE).

The comparison between climate and comfort represents a fundamental step for the implementation of energy efficiency in buildings. It determines the design strategies that are best suited for a specific climatic context, as well as the level of architectural complexity. In cold climatic contexts, this would suggest the use of compact shapes and extremely airtight and well-insulated envelopes, in order to minimize heat losses. However, when combined with high internal gains, these measures might cause overheating problems in the warm and transitional seasons. That is especially the case of office buildings, where mechanical cooling is included as default even in cold climates (Norway), drastically increasing their energy use. It is therefore becoming a necessity to consider there the adoption of passive strategies for cooling, traditionally identified with warmer climates. The aim of this paper is first to revise the existing methods and tools for bioclimatic building design, and then reflect on how these could be applied to assess the suitability of different passive strategies in relevant building cases. The first part of this research will be conducted through literature review. The second part will analyse relevant buildings in cold climates with especial focus on passive design, to reflect on how they could have been affected by the use of these bioclimatic building design tools.

The aim of this article is to show the methodology developed to generate habitable spaces and
sustainably integrated buildings with the surroundings. To accomplish this, site analysis, both
with regard to the natural environment (climate) and the artificial environment (urban), users
requirements (spatial and comfort) and the architectural style of the surrounding buildings were
considered. Based on this information a diagnostic and the site selection was established, the
design concepts, the main activities and the architectural formal expression. This is expected to
contribute to designing process including sustainable design.
The design of the public library discussed in this paper was presented at the bioclimatic
architecture Biennial José Miguel Aroztegui 2013. Where environmental performance, context
integration, architectural expression, originality of solutions, among others [1] were judged,
obtaining the third place.