Adolescence (Psychology)

La reflexión cuestiona qué hace que una propuesta musical merezca el adjetivo “vanguardista”. Examinando figuras como Charles Mingus, Bob Dylan, David Bowie, Led Zeppelin y Sigur Rós, se observa que todas comparten el eclecticismo y la ruptura con convenciones: se trata de artistas que fusionan estilos, innovan con mezclas arriesgadas y articulan sonidos más allá de su tradición. Se concluye que la vanguardia musical no es cuestión de música nueva por sí sola, sino del grado experimental que revela el collage creativo sin perder conexión con la historia estética que lo precede.

Social and emotional learning positively impacts children's and adolescents' wellbeing and happiness, both short-and long-term. However, little is known about the impact of these competences on self-perceived well-being in family and school. The present study examines the links between social and emotional learning, school and family well-being, and subjective happiness, the mediational power of school and family well-being in the relationship between social and emotional learning and subjective happiness, and the present study assess the effects of sociodemographic variables on family and school well-being and subjective happiness. Three hundred and forty-one children and adolescents between 7 and 18 years old, assessed their social and emotional learning (self-awareness, self-regulation, interpersonal relationships, social awareness, and responsible decision-making), subjective wellbeing related to school and family contexts, and subjective happiness. The results showed that social and emotional competencies were positively associated with perceived school and family well-being as well as subjective happiness. In addition, in the mediation analysis only self-awareness and relationship skills positively impacted on subjective happiness via family and school well-being. This study demonstrates the promising relevance of social and emotional learning to well-being in the contexts children and adolescents are in, and their overall happiness, and reinforces the importance of family and school in fostering happiness.

Introduction: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorders are severe mental illnesses (SMI) associated with high levels of comorbid psychopathology and premature mortality. Reducing delays in accessing services and providing early intervention are key strategies in preventing morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. The pathways to psychiatric care have been studied in many countries worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, no study on this subject has so far been conducted in Tunisia. The purpose of the present study was to understand the pathways of care adopted by patients, to determine the care delay and to explore the relationship between delayed consultation and sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the Department Psychiatry A of Razi Hospital including patients with SMI consulting the outpatient clinic between January and March 2018. Data was collected by one medical investigator who conducted face-to-face interviews with patients using a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization's "Pathway Questionnaire". Data analysis was done using the SPSS software version 17. A multivariate analysis was performed to study the relation between delayed consultation and socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results: a total of 232 patients responded to the questionnaire. The average age was 41.3 years ± 10.1 and the gender ratio was 1.2. More than the third of the study population consulted a traditional healer in the first place and sixty percent of the patients had recourse to a medical doctor. The average consultation delay was 15 months (±23.0) with a median of 6 months. The delay was more than 6 months in around half of the cases. The symptoms that motivated the first consultation were hallucinations, sleep disorders and aggressive behavior. The main reason of delayed consultation was lack of knowledge about psychiatric symptoms followed by ill ness beliefs and insidious onset of the illness. The multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between aggressive behavior and non-delayed consultation. the principal recommendations are to strengthen public education and awareness about SMI in the Tunisian population and to implement an early detection program of these disorders.

У статті розглянуто нормативно-правові документи, що передбачають проведення превентивних заходів щодо суїцидальної поведінки підлітків. Надано характеристику рівнів ризику скоєння суїциду. Представлено алгоритм дій педагогічного співробітника за наявності ознак суїцидальної поведінки у підлітків. Запропоновано протокол безпеки супроводу підлітка, який має середній, високий та надвисокий рівень ризику скоєння суїциду. Зазначено, що ефективніть протоколу безпеки доведена на практиці в Центрі психосоціальної реабілітації Національного Університету “Києво-Могилянська Академія”.

Objective: Many individuals with cigarette addiction are known for beginning to smoke cigarettes during adolescence years. In this study, we aimed to present the clinical outcomes of smoking cessation project conducted in an Anatolian school in Kartal district of Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: Social and motivational studies were carried out on adolescent smokers after scanning in terms of smoking in an Anatolian school and 44 of these adolescents who are clinical requirements were evaluated and followed by Chest disease and child and adolescent mental health for six months. Carbonmonoxide (CO) measurements in the expiratory air and carboximeter (piCO smokerlyzer, Bedfont Scientific Ltd, England) were made at the first visit and follow-up. Simultaneously, K-SADS PL (Schedule for Schizophrenia and Affective disorders for School Age Children) was administered diagnostically in mental health evaluation. Results: A total of 44 adolescents, 13 girl (29.5%) and 31 boy (70.5%), with a mean age of 17.31 were followed up. The mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking was 14.2 ± 1 and 32 (82.7%) adolescent were found to have at least one smoker in their home. While 22.7% of adolescents did not try smoking cessation, 77.3% of them did. Six of these adolescents indicated that they did not smoke during the six months; 55.5% of these adolescents have at least one mental illness; the most common diagnoses were 25.0% (n = 11) of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and 20% (10) of MD (Major Depression). While depression was significantly frequent in girls (p = 0.043), the frequency of ADHD was not significant in terms of gender. Depression presence was associated with early onset of cigarette smoking in males (p = 0.019), but not with females (p = 0.394). There was a statistically significant correlation between smoking cessation effort and age in the follow-up period (p = 0.022), and earlier adolescents stated that they wanted to quit smoking more. While there is no significant association between smoking cessation effort and mental disease, there was a statistically close relation with parent and sibling smoking (p = 0.07) and significant correlation with motivation and smoking cessation effort (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Smoking cessation work in adolescents is much more difficult than in adults. Biological and social factors and peer impact influence interventions. In our study, very few adolescents stated to quit smoking for 6 months, and the rate of psychiatric illnesses among adolescents and the presence of individuals smoking at home were found to be quite high. It has been the result of these factors also affecting the success of adolescents to start smoking and to quit smoking.

Recent research has shown high rates of comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and difficulties regarding differential diagnosis. Unlike those in Western countries, the Japanese ADHD prevalence rate is lower relative to that of ASD. This inconsistency could have occurred because of cultural diversities among professionals such as physicians. However, little is known about attitudes toward ADHD and ASD in non-Western cultural contexts. We conducted two experiments to identify biases in ASD and ADHD assessment. In Study 1, we examined attitudes toward these disorders in medical doctors and mental health professionals, using a web-based questionnaire. In Study 2, medical doctors and clinical psychologists assessed four fictional cases based on criteria for ADHD, ASD, oppositional defiant disorder, and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). Diagnosis of ASD was considered more difficult relative to that of ADHD. Most participants assessed the fictional DSED case as ASD, rather than DSED or ADHD. The results provide evidence that Japanese professionals are more likely to attribute children's behavioral problems to ASD, relative to other disorders. Therefore, Japanese therapists could be more sensitive to and likely to diagnose ASD, relative to therapists in other countries. These findings suggest that cultural biases could influence clinicians' diagnosis of ADHD and ASD.

El presente estudio analiza el abordaje del Trabajo Social frente a la violencia digital en parejas
sentimentales en la región Sierra Central del Ecuador. En la actualidad la digitalización de las
relaciones afectivas ha dado lugar a nuevas formas de control, vigilancia y coerción ejercidas a
través de medios tecnológicos, lo cual representa un desafío emergente para las ciencias sociales.
Respecto a la metodología, se aplicó un diseño cuantitativo, transversal y de alcance descriptivo
analítico, utilizando una versión adaptada del Cuestionario de Violencia Digital (DVQ) a una
muestra aleatoria de 1.000 personas mayores de edad con experiencia en relaciones sentimentales.
Los resultados evidenciaron una alta prevalencia de violencia digital: el 88,3 % de los participantes
reportó al menos una forma de victimización, y el 49,6 % presentó victimización múltiple (cinco
o más tipos de violencia digital). Se identificaron patrones bidireccionales de violencia, con
diferencias significativas según género y edad. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de visibilizar
la violencia digital como una problemática estructurada y extendida en las relaciones de pareja,
proponiendo recomendaciones específicas para fortalecer la práctica del Trabajo Social en
contextos digitales como diseñar estrategias de intervención diferenciadas que incluyan
prevención, atención integral y restitución de derechos, considerando la complejidad del fenómeno
y las particularidades interseccionales.

Adolescents’ well-being deserves attention as it promotes adolescents’ general health. Parenting is a factor that may influence adolescents’ well-being. Unfortunately, some parents provide only limited support to their adolescents and show ineffective parenting. Strength-based parenting (SBP) is a parenting style where parents seek to deliberately identify and develop positive conditions, processes, and qualities in their children. Research conducted in Western culture showed that strength-based parenting (SBP) was associated with adolescents’ subjective well-being, particularly life satisfaction. This present study extends the past research by involving adolescent sample from Eastern culture (Indonesia) and including the measure that combines both subjective and psychological well-being. Particularly, this study examined if strength-based parenting (SBP; strength knowledge and strength use) predicted adolescent well-being. Participants were 191 high school students in Surabaya (15-...

his study aimed to investigate the psychological distress including depression, anxiety, insomnia, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction among internet-addicted (IA) in comparison to the non-addicted (NA) university students in Duhok province-northern Iraq and to assess the frequencies and predictors of each symptom cluster of psychological distress. Multistage random sampling was used to include 1007 undergraduate students from the University of Duhok. Students were investigated using the Internet Addiction Test and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The score of psychological distress among the IA students (M= 12.84, SD= 4.028) was significantly higher (t= 4.617, P< 0.001) than the scores among the NA (M= 11.66, SD= 4.083). Females reported significantly (t= 1.971, P= 0.049) higher score of psychological distress (M= 13.23, SD= 4.007) than male students. While not the case for social dysfunction, the mean scores for somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, and severe depression were higher among the IA group (P< 0.001). The predictors of psychological distress among the addicted students included lower academic achievements, severe level of internet addiction, and pointing to pleasure as a main purpose of internet use. Psychological distress has higher scores among the IA undergraduate university students. These results indicated a need to enforce appropriate mental health programs to intervene in this maladaptive behavior to help students assure the fulfilment of their academic studies.

Within the discrimination literature, relatively little qualitative work has focused exclusively on adolescents from Asian American backgrounds. In the present study, 69 adolescents (62% female) wrote short narratives to describe an encounter with ethnic discrimination. Using qualitative content analysis, responses were systematically categorized to gain insight into the types of discrimination experiences faced by Asian American youth. In addition, linguistic characteristics of the narratives were analyzed and linked to psychological well-being. Results suggest that adolescents' experiences of discrimination are widely diverse, and that insights into well-being can be made by investigating the way in which individuals retell such encounters, with positive adjustment being associated with more use of the word "I" and less use of negative emotion words.

Very preterm birth is associated with attention deficits that interfere with academic performance. A better understanding of attention processes is necessary to support very preterm born children. This study examined voluntary and involuntary attentional control in very preterm born adolescents by measuring saccadic eye movements. Additionally, these control processes were related to symptoms of inattention, intelligence, and academic performance. Participants included 47 very preterm and 61 full-term born 13-years-old adolescents. Oculomotor control was assessed using the antisaccade and oculomotor capture paradigm. Very preterm born adolescents showed deficits in antisaccade but not in oculomotor capture performance, indicating impairments in voluntary but not involuntary attentional control. These impairments mediated the relation between very preterm birth and inattention, intelligence, and academic performance.

Objective To increase the understanding of social adjustment and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in adolescents born very preterm by studying the role of emotion recognition and cognitive control processes in the relation between very preterm birth and social adjustment. Study design A Dutch cohort of 61 very preterm and 61 full-term adolescents aged 13 years participated. Social adjustment was rated by parents, teachers, and adolescents and autism spectrum disorder symptoms by parents. Emotion recognition was assessed with a computerized task including pictures of child faces expressing anger, fear, sadness, and happiness with varying intensity. Cognitive control was assessed using a visuospatial span, antisaccade, and sustained attention to response task. Performance measures derived from these tasks served as indicators of a latent cognitive control construct, which was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Mediation analyses were conducted with emotion recognition and cognitive control as mediators of the relation between very preterm birth and social problems. Very preterm adolescents showed more parent-and teacher-rated social problems and increased autism spectrum disorder symptomatology than controls. No difference in self-reported social problems was observed. Moreover, very preterm adolescents showed deficits in emotion recognition and cognitive control compared with full-term adolescents. The relation between very preterm birth and parent-rated social problems was significantly mediated by cognitive control but not by emotion recognition. Very preterm birth was associated with a 0.67-SD increase in parent-rated social problems through its negative effect on cognitive control. The present findings provide strong evidence for a central role of impaired cognitive control in the social problems of adolescents born very preterm. (J Pediatr 2019;-:1-8). V ery preterm birth (<32 weeks of gestation) has long-lasting consequences for child development. The neurodevelopmental sequelae in infancy and childhood have been widely reported, and accumulating evidence shows neurodevelopmental impairments in adolescents and young adults born very preterm since 1990. Less attention has been devoted to social functioning after very preterm birth despite the heightened risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in this population. In a systematic review, Ritchie et al reported poorer social competence in children born very preterm. 5 However, the quality of included studies was low, the majority of studies relied on a single informant (ie, parents), and only 1 study was conducted in adolescence. Recent studies that were published since that review showed increased social difficulties in extremely preterm born adolescents compared with full-term born peers. The lack of studies on social functioning during adolescence marks a gap in the literature on outcomes of very preterm birth. Achieving adult levels of social competence is a fundamental maturational task during adolescence and poor social competence in adolescence is associated with internalizing problems and increased psychiatric morbidity in young adulthood. It is therefore important to fill this gap. Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood that is marked by rapid biological, physical, and cognitive development which is associated with emotional, behavioral, and psychological changes. 11 In addition, adolescence is characterized by social changes that involve detachment from parents, increasing time spent with peers, and peer relationships becoming more salient and complex. 12 Adjustment to these fundamental social changes requires a broader set of social skills, 11,12 involving cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and motivational aspects. Besides social-affective changes, such as increased sensation-and novelty-seeking behavior and increased social and emotional influences on goal prioritization and behavior, adolescence is associated with improvements in social cognition. These improvements are related

This thesis presents a rehabilitative model that harnesses the capabilities of Virtual Reality (VR) to facilitate meditative practices. This approach is designed to be suitable for the developmental stage of young offenders, specifically those aged 14 to 25 years. ts primary objective is to address factors that, according to the literature analysis, are frequently linked to deviant behavior, namely levels of anger and perceived stress. The proposed model seeks to provide effective tools for this target population, helping young individuals manage their emotions and encouraging social reintegration, which in turn may reduce the risk of recidivism. This model has been extend beyond theoretical concepts and have been practically implemented from September 2024 at the Lodigiano Consortium, offering a valuable opportunity to assess its effectiveness in a real-world setting.

Subjective loneliness describes people who feel a disagreeable or unacceptable lack of meaningful social relationships, both at the quantitative and qualitative level. The studies to be presented tested an Italian 18-items self-report loneliness measure, that included items adapted from scales previously developed, namely a short version of the UCLA , and the 11-items Loneliness scale by De Jong-Gierveld & Kamphuis (JGLS; 1985). The studies aimed at testing the developed scale and at verifying whether loneliness is better conceptualized as a unidimensional (so-called 'general loneliness') or a bidimensional construct, namely comprising the distinct facets of social and emotional loneliness. The loneliness questionnaire included 2 singleitem criterion measures of sad mood, and social contact, and asked participants to supply information on a number of socio-demographic variables. Factorial analyses of responses obtained in two preliminary studies, with 59 and 143 Italian participants respectively, showed good factor loadings and subscale reliability and confirmed that perceived loneliness has clearly two components, a social and an emotional one, the latter measured by two subscales, a 7-item 'general' loneliness subscale derived from UCLA, and a 6-item 'emotional' scale included in the JGLS. Results further showed that type and amount of loneliness are related, negatively, to frequency of social contacts, and, positively, to sad mood. In a third study data were obtained from a nation-wide sample of 9.097 Italian subjects, 12 to about 70 year-olds, who filled the test on-line, on the Italian web site of a large-audience magazine, Focus. The results again confirmed the reliability of the component subscales, namely social, emotional, and 'general' loneliness, and showed that they were highly correlated with each other, especially the latter two. Loneliness scores were significantly predicted by sex, age, education level, sad mood and social contact, and, less so, by other variablese.g., geographical area and profession. The scale validity was confirmed by the results of a fourth study, with elderly men and women (N 105) living at home or in residential care units. The three subscales were significantly related, among others, to depression, and to various measures of the extension of, and satisfaction with, social contacts with relatives and friends. Finally, a fifth study with 315 career-starters showed that social and emotional loneliness correlate with life satisfaction, and with measures of emotional intelligence. Altogether the results showed a good validity and reliability in the tested samples of the entire scale, and of its components.

Aims: Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by many physical, psychological and social transformations, eliciting experiences of emotional arousal that might increase psychopathology risk (e.g. affective and behavioral disorders). The study tested adolescents&#39; use of coping strategies and their psychosocial well-being. Methods: Participants (N 1060) were Italian students, 14 to 21 years old, attending senior high school or first years of university, who completed a survey. Psychosocial well-being, and its relation to coping strategy use, was assessed by measuring subjective health perception, life satisfaction, positive and negative felt affect, emotional and social loneliness. Results: Adolescents were found to use the healthier strategies of Seeking social support, Problem Orientation, and Positive attitude more than the less functional strategy of Avoidance; a Transcending Orientation was also not much reported. Preferences for strategy type formed a coherent pa...

To study whether and how emotion regulation (EmR) strategies are associated with adolescents' well-being, 633 Italian adolescents completed a survey that measured, using the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ), the strategies of cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES), and their relationship with several well-being measures. Factor analysis and reliability results confirmed the validity of ERQ to assess adolescents' regulation strategies. Correlation and regression results showed that a greater reliance on CR was positively associated with better well-being outcomes for most indicators, especially life satisfaction, social support perception, and positive affect; greater preference for ES conversely was associated with lower well-being level for all indicators, including psychological health, emotional loneliness, and negative affect. Neither gender nor age differences were observed for CR and ES; CR and ES were positively correlated with each other. Both analysis of variance and regression results showed gender to be a significant factor for well-being indicators (e.g. males' higher positive affect and life satisfaction than females'), whereas age was associated with differences in psychological health only, with 16-year olds reporting the lowest health, and 14-year olds the highest. The

Em nossa sociedade, percebe-se um crescimento da preocupação com a adolescência, sendo esta última representada não apenas como uma &quot;fase da vida&quot;, mas um período, a priori, sempre problemático. O adolescente, por sua vez, tem sido visto como um sujeito de necessidades, por exemplo, de um atendimento de saúde específico. Na prática, entretanto, pouco se tem trabalhado com o adolescente como sujeito de direitos, a despeito do debate em torno do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Com base na crítica a esta postura, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma experiência de pesquisa-intervenção de educação não-formal com um grupo de adolescentes de camadas baixas, na qual se procurou discutir noções correntes de adolescência, possibilitando um mapeamento e uma (re)construção de outros sentidos.

The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role played by youth religiosity in the relationship between the psychosocial factors of parental attachment, peer attachment, and institutional social bonding with positive youth development (PYD). PYD was based on the 5Cs (competence, confidence, connection, character, caring & compassion)model. This study involved a cluster sampling of 677 youths in Malaysian community colleges; their ages ranged from 18 to 23 years (M = 19.47; SD = 3.59). Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires. The findings indicated that youth religiosity fully mediated the relationships of parental attachment, as well as peer attachment with PYD. Religiosity also partially mediated the relationship between institutional social bonding and PYD. Hence the findings suggest that youth religiosity, which comprises ritualistic and prosocial behaviour, contributed considerably to positive youth development

Este estudo qualitativo transversal investigou as perspectivas de futuro de 20 adolescentes, com idades entre 15 e 17 anos, de uma escola pública federal. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, cujas respostas foram analisadas por meio do software Iramuteq, utilizando técnicas de nuvem de palavras e análise de similitude. Os resultados indicaram que “ENEM”, “estudar” e “universidade” emergiram como elementos centrais nos discursos, evidenciando a forte influência da pressão acadêmica na construção do futuro desses jovens. Diferenças de gênero foram identificadas: enquanto as meninas demonstraram maior preocupação com metas de curto prazo, como aprovação no vestibular, os meninos enfatizaram planos de longo prazo, incluindo carreira e estabilidade financeira. Além disso, observou-se uma relação entre a ansiedade e a necessidade de suporte emocional no processo de escolha profissional, assim como a influência de estereótipos de gênero nas expectativas em relação ao futuro. Os achados sugerem a necessidade de políticas educacionais que integrem orientação vocacional, suporte psicológico e equidade de gênero, de modo a favorecer escolhas autônomas e equilibrar as exigências acadêmicas com o bem-estar emocional dos adolescentes.

y Ansiedad (SPAI, Turadolescentes Chilenos (edades entre 13 y 18 años). El análisis de validez estructural indicó la existencia de dos subescalas claramente diferenciadas (Fobia social y Agorafobia) que explican 43.4% de la varianza. Los coeficientes alfa fueron muy altos en ambas subescalas. A pesar de encontrar diferencias significativas para sexo en ambas escalas, el tamaño del efecto fue pequeño. Por otro lado, la variable edad fue significativa en la fobia social pero no en la agorafobia, con pequeño tamaño del efecto. En general los resultados ofrecen evidencia empírica que apoya la confiabilidad y la validez de la versión Chilena del Inventario de Fobia social y Ansiedad.

In this report we examined the reliability and structural validity of the Chilean version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory, SPAI, (Turner, Beidel, Dancu y Stanley, 1989), using a sample of 1040 non clinical Chilean adolescents (range of age between 13 and 18 years). The structural validity analysis indicated the existence of two, clearly differentiated, subscales (Social Phobia and Agoraphobia) that explained 43.4% of the variance. The alpha reliability coefficients were very high in each one of the subscales. In spite of finding significant differences, for sex in both scales, the effect size was small. On the other hand, the age variable was significant in the social phobia scale but not in the agoraphobia one, but again the effect size was small. In general the results offer empirical evidence in support of the reliability and validity of the Chilean version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory.

Bu araştırmada okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden çocukların ebeveynlerinin kabullenici ve reddedici tutumlarının çocuklarının akademik benlik saygısına olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca özel ve devlet okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında okuyan bu çocuklar arasında akademik benlik saygısı açısından anlamlı bir farkın olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bununla beraber özel okul ile devlet okulu ebeveynlerinin çocuklarına karşı kabullenici ve reddedici tutumları karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmada bu öğrencilerin ebeveynlerine Rohner'in Ebeveyn Kabul-Ret Ölçeği/ Kısa Formu (Parent PARQ/ Short Form) uygulanırken; öğretmenleri ise bu öğrenciler için Akademik Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği (ABSÖ)'ni doldurmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda ebeveynlerin reddedici tutumunun çocuğunun akademik benlik saygısını olumsuz yönde etkilediği bulunurken; kabullenici tutumunun ise olumlu yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Ayrıca özel okulda eğitim gören öğrencilerin akademik benlik saygısı değerleri, devlet okullarında eğitim gören öğrencilerin akademik benlik saygısı değerinden daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Özel okulu velilerinin PARQ değerleri ile devlet okulu velilerinin PARQ değerlerin arasında sayısal farklılıklar izlenmiştir.

Bu araştırmada okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden çocukların ebeveynlerinin kabullenici ve reddedici tutumlarının çocuklarının akademik benlik saygısına olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Ayrıca özel ve devlet okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında okuyan bu çocuklar arasında akademik benlik saygısı açısından anlamlı bir farkın olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bununla beraber özel okul ile devlet okulu ebeveynlerinin çocuklarına karşı kabullenici ve reddedici tutumları karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan araştırmada bu öğrencilerin ebeveynlerine Rohner'in Ebeveyn Kabul-Ret Ölçeği/ Kısa Formu (Parent PARQ/ Short Form) uygulanırken; öğretmenleri ise bu öğrenciler için Akademik Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği (ABSÖ)'ni doldurmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda ebeveynlerin reddedici tutumunun çocuğunun akademik benlik saygısını olumsuz yönde etkilediği bulunurken; kabullenici tutumunun ise olumlu yönde etkilediği bulunmuştur. Ayrıca özel okulda eğitim gören öğrencilerin akademik benlik saygısı değerleri, devlet okullarında eğitim gören öğrencilerin akademik benlik saygısı değerinden daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Özel okulu velilerinin PARQ değerleri ile devlet okulu velilerinin PARQ değerlerin arasında sayısal farklılıklar izlenmiştir.

Emotions, such as love, are affected by a web of systemic dynamics and relationships and socio-cultural influences. In this article, South African, non-WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democrativ) voices on love in the context of systemic relationships are presented. The study uses Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory to explore how systemic relationships and love are interrelated. It uses a qualitative research approach within the hermeneutical–interpretative research paradigm. Purposeful, convenient and snowball sampling strategies are used. The sample consists of 14 South African (Black, Indian, Coloured and White) individuals whereby six self-identify as male and the other six as female. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. They were analysed through thematic analysis. Findings show that love is impacted through a web of relationships at all levels of Bronfenbrenner’s theory, whereby the microlayer level seems to be the most important in influencing love concepts. Sociocultural, ethnic and gender differences further impact on love conceptualizations. The study suggests that Bronfenbrenner’s theory needs to be expanded with regard to technological and spiritual influences on love in the South African context. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given for future research and practice in non-WEIRD contexts.

BackgroundThe use of patient-facing health technologies to manage long-term conditions is increasing; however, children and young people may have particular concerns or needs before deciding to use different health technologies.AimsTo identify children and young people’s reported concerns or needs in relation to using health technologies to self-manage long-term conditions.MethodsA scoping review was conducted. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL in February 2019. Searches were limited to papers published between January 2008 and February 2019. We included any health technology used to manage long-term conditions. A thematic synthesis of the data from the included studies was undertaken. We engaged children with long-term conditions (and parents) to support review design, interpretation of findings and development of recommendations.ResultsThirty-eight journal articles were included, describing concerns or needs expressed by n=970 children and/or young people aged 5–18 years. M...

Recent years have seen renewed clinical interest in the therapeutic potential of classical psychedelics, such as psilocybin, LSD, DMT, and mescaline. While modern studies have focused on adult populations, adolescents under 18 are routinely excluded due to regulatory, legal, and ethical challenges. Although there exists observational data and historical studies from 1959 to 1974 focusing on persons under 18, these earlier trials do not meet contemporary scientific and ethical standards. Hence, despite growing interest in the intersection of adolescent mental health and psychedelic therapy, it is unclear whether any controlled clinical research has been conducted with adolescents in the 21st century. To address this gap, we intend to conduct a scoping review of clinical studies involving psychedelic drug administration, including psychedelic-assisted therapy, in adolescent populations. The present contribution is a protocol for this scoping review. Methods Open Peer Review Approval Status AWAITING PEER REVIEW Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article.

Bullying in schools is a worldwide problem which impacts adversely on school climates and can have negative lifelong consequences for students. Internationally there has been an extraordinary rise in interest in the phenomenon of bullying in the last three decades. Despite this world-wide interest, relatively little research has been carried out in South Africa. This study investigated the extent and nature of bullying as experienced by students in a sample of Catholic primary schools, and specifically explored the relationship between bullying and the ethos of care in these schools. Drawing on the wide literature on bullying, and a theoretical framework developed from the work of Hannah Arendt and others, the study investigated the assumption that there would be less bullying in schools where students felt that teachers showed more care and concern towards them. A questionnaire was developed for the South African context to rapidly identify levels of bullying and care in schools. The 'My Life in School' checklist (questionnaire), originally developed by Tiny Arora, was modified and a section dealing with care in schools was added. The surveys were administered to 2 447 students, aged 9 to 14, in 16 Catholic schools, identified in a sampling design aimed to provide data which was broadly representative of urban Catholic schools in South Africa. Mission statements from the 16 schools were analysed in relation to notions of the Catholic School, and also provided the basis for consideration of school culture. The analysis of the questionnaire, adapted in the light of students' responses, yielded four indices showing a picture of the forms and intensity of bullying and care that students experienced from other students and from their teachers. Results showed gender differences as the most striking, with some differences evident along lines of language (and possibly, therefore, race), albeit to a lesser extent. The fact that teachers continue to hit students in some schools, and that Seen and Heard: Listening to Children and Creating Caring Schools iii they bully them in other ways too, is a finding that needs to be considered by the schools involved as well as Catholic education bodies. While the regression analysis did not find a direct causal relationship between indices of bullying and care, it did show the significance of teacher behaviourboth bullying and carein relation to student behaviour of bullying and care. It speaks to the important role of teachers in securing the wellbeing of students, and indeed to the importance of institutional culture in influencing the interactions of bullying and care. The completely revised 'My Life in School' checklist developed in this study provides a valuable means for students to express their views on life in schools. The checklist provides a rapid means to students to assess the ethos of their schools from their perspective. Arguably, schools would be better placed to address bullying and other shortcomings and to improve school climates. The thesis also provides a research-based contribution to literature on Catholic schools in South Africa and elsewhere.

Wohl kaum eine andere Idee inspiriert derzeit die politischen Debatten so sehr wie die Forderung nach einem bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen. Von Unternehmern bis zu Arbeitsloseninitiativen, von marktliberalen Ökonomen bis zur Partei DIE LINKE, von der CDU bis zu Attac: Unter der Bezeichnung "bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen" fordern Befürworter aus unterschiedlichsten Kreisen nichts Geringeres als eine radikale Umgestaltung des Sozialstaats. Ein individuell ausbezahltes Einkommen für alle, ohne Bedürftigkeitsprüfung und ohne Gegenleistung, ist der Kern der Idee. Dieses Buch bietet eine Einführung in die derzeit heiß diskutierte Idee des Grundeinkommens und macht zugleich deutlich, warum es von neoliberalen Konzepten abzugrenzen ist. Das Buch basiert (leicht verändert) auf der Diplomarbeit des Autors im Fach Politikwissenschaft. Es wendet sich an Studierende der Sozialwissenschaften sowie alle interessierten Leserinnen und Leser. Aus dem Inhalt: - Vorwort zur zweiten Auflage 2019 - Die Begriffe "bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen" und "Neoliberalismus" - Historische Vorläufer, Ideengeschichte und erste Debatten - Angloamerikanische Debatten um die "Negativsteuer" - Europäische und internationale Debatten zum Grundeinkommen - Aktuelle Begründungen und Kontroversen - Vom "klassischen" zum "neuen" Liberalismus - Rahmenbedingungen, Grundlagen und Konzeptionen - Neoklassik als theoretische Grundlage - Der Sozialstaat im Neoliberalismus - Die Negative Einkommensteuer bei Milton Friedman - Das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen - eine neoliberale Forderung? - Auswirkungen auf Armut - Auswirkungen auf Erwerbsarbeit, Arbeitszeitverkürzung, Mindestlöhne und das System der sozialen Sicherung - Analyse der Modelle - "Solidarisches Bürgergeld", Dieter Althaus, CDU - "Grüne Grundsicherung", Manuel Emmler/Thomas Poreski - "Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen", Linkspartei - "Existenzgeld", BAG-Sozialhilfeinitativen - Vergleichende Bewertung des Ergebnisses Zweite Auflage, LIWI Literatur- und Wissenschaftsverlag, Göttingen 2019.

In this study of gambling frequency and problem gambling in schoolbased young people from the western suburbs of Melbourne, 710 students from Years 10, 11 and 12 were surveyed in 1996, and 776 students from the same years and from the same schools were surveyed in 1998. The mean age of both cohorts was 16.3 years. The major aim of the study was to assess changes in youth gambling patterns over this two-year period. A second aim was to compare gambling patterns among Asian youth in comparison with their Anglo-European counterparts. Results indicated that gambling frequency (including use of poker machines) had significantly reduced over the two-year period, as had problem gambling. Contrary to the stereotype, young Asian background students were less likely to gamble than Anglo-European students, spent less money on gambling, but paradoxically, scored higher on the problem gambling scale. Possible reasons for this anomalous finding were discussed. 1 Thanks are due to Ms Karen Trevorrow, and Ms Rebecca Moore who were research assistants for this project, and to the Australian Research Council and Victoria University that funded it. Youth gambling in Melbourne's west: Changes between 1996 and 1998 for Anglo-European background and Asian background school-based youth 2 participation rates of Victorians in gambling activities ranged from 75% in 1992 to 86% in 1997. These rates did not steadily increase across the five years but showed fluctuations up and down, with the highest participation rate in 1996 (87%). The perceived weekly outlay claimed by gamblers in 1997 remained at a similar level to the previous four years, at about $16. The Productivity Commission Report on Australia's gambling industries (1999) indicated a relatively similar figure with their statement that across all Australian adults the average yearly loss to gambling is $760, or 3% of household disposable income. How do the gambling rates compare for young people? 2 A Victorian Department of Human Services report (1999) on youth and family gambling indicated that Victorian young people participated in gambling at much lower rates than young people in international studies (about 41% of children in Year 8 at school). However among somewhat older young gamblers (18-24 years), the Productivity Commission (1999) found participation rates to be 85%, higher than any other above-18 age group. Our own study (Moore and Ohtsuka 1997) conducted in 1996 provides the baseline data for this current investigation into change/stability in gambling patterns. In that study we showed that among a sample of 1,017 young people aged 14 to 25, about 90% of the under-18s and 92% of the 18 to 25 years age group had gambled for money at some time in their lives. However, the frequency of gambling and the amounts wagered were, for the most part, very low.

Este estudio analiza el impacto de la búsqueda de popularidad y aceptación social en adolescentes de 15 a 18 años en Mercedes, Buenos Aires. Basándose en un enfoque cuantitativo, se administraron encuestas con escala Likert a 78 estudiantes de tres colegios privados. Los datos recopilados revelan que la preferencia social (aceptación por los pares) tiene un mayor impacto en los adolescentes que la reputación social (estatus percibido). Esta preferencia afecta variables clave como la autoestima, la interpretación de la realidad y las relaciones sociales. Las mujeres mostraron una mayor dependencia de la aceptación grupal en comparación con los varones, mientras que los adolescentes de 18 años destacaron por su menor énfasis en la aceptación social, lo que indica un avance hacia la autonomía. En cuanto al uso de redes sociales, la mayoría de los participantes las emplean para fortalecer relaciones y obtener apoyo emocional, priorizando la preferencia social sobre la búsqueda de reputación. A pesar de su consistencia, este estudio presenta limitaciones, como el tamaño muestral reducido y la falta de análisis simultáneo de variables. Futuros estudios podrían abordar comparaciones entre zonas urbanas y rurales y evaluar cómo la cultura afecta estas dinámicas. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para intervenciones educativas y clínicas, proporcionando una base para comprender las necesidades emocionales y sociales de los adolescentes en la región.

IntroductionThe modality of assessment used at a University Clinical Practice in Brazil is interventive psychodiagnosis in which the active participation of children and families is considered. Orientation is given following the input provided by children and their parents.ObjectivesEvaluating the use of an electronic form to be fulfilled during the observation of a child’s play in psychological session.MethodsA child at the age of 5yrs 4m was brought for psychological assessment with the complaint of aggressiveness and irritability. His parents answered the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL -1 1/12 5 yrs) and the Psychology interns had to observe the child’s play and fulfill an electronic form in which the choice of toys and plays, motricity, creativity, symbolic abilities, frustration tolerance, adequation with reality were verified.ResultsThe results of CBCL indicated that the child was within the clinical range regarding anxiety and depression along with somatic complaints. The ind...

Family is the backbone of all children and children are supposed to grow in a family setting where both mother and father plays their respective roles in providing them a sense of security and stability but when it is done single handedly it becomes quite difficult to perform up to the expectations.  In recent years, there has been a sudden rise in the phenomenon of single parent families in India due to multiple factors including the influences from western society. The present article is an attempt to review the available literature on single parent families, their causal factors, strengths as well as its weaknesses. Furthermore, the positive and negative impact of single parenting on adolescent’s physical, psychological, emotional, behavioral, educational and social wellbeing is also discussed in detail. Besides, this paper suggests few strategies for single parents so that they can easily manage and cope up with the difficulties they face in such situations which might be helpfu...

Objective: Many individuals with cigarette addiction are known for beginning to smoke cigarettes during adolescence years. In this study, we aimed to present the clinical outcomes of smoking cessation project conducted in an Anatolian school in Kartal district of Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: Social and motivational studies were carried out on adolescent smokers after scanning in terms of smoking in an Anatolian school and 44 of these adolescents who are clinical requirements were evaluated and followed by Chest disease and child and adolescent mental health for six months. Carbonmonoxide (CO) measurements in the expiratory air and carboximeter (piCO smokerlyzer, Bedfont Scientific Ltd, England) were made at the first visit and follow-up. Simultaneously, K-SADS PL (Schedule for Schizophrenia and Affective disorders for School Age Children) was administered diagnostically in mental health evaluation. Results: A total of 44 adolescents, 13 girl (29.5%) and 31 boy (70.5%), with a mean age of 17.31 were followed up. The mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking was 14.2 ± 1 and 32 (82.7%) adolescent were found to have at least one smoker in their home. While 22.7% of adolescents did not try smoking cessation, 77.3% of them did. Six of these adolescents indicated that they did not smoke during the six months; 55.5% of these adolescents have at least one mental illness; the most common diagnoses were 25.0% (n = 11) of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and 20% (10) of MD (Major Depression). While depression was significantly frequent in girls (p = 0.043), the frequency of ADHD was not significant in terms of gender. Depression presence was associated with early onset of cigarette smoking in males (p = 0.019), but not with females (p = 0.394). There was a statistically significant correlation between smoking cessation effort and age in the follow-up period (p = 0.022), and earlier adolescents stated that they wanted to quit smoking more. While there is no significant association between smoking cessation effort and mental disease, there was a statistically close relation with parent and sibling smoking (p = 0.07) and significant correlation with motivation and smoking cessation effort (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Smoking cessation work in adolescents is much more difficult than in adults. Biological and social factors and peer impact influence interventions. In our study, very few adolescents stated to quit smoking for 6 months, and the rate of psychiatric illnesses among adolescents and the presence of individuals smoking at home were found to be quite high. It has been the result of these factors also affecting the success of adolescents to start smoking and to quit smoking.

Epidemiological studies confirm that children and adolescents with learning disabilities are at risk of developing a range of mental health or behavioural problems. The presentation of these problems is complicated by a variety of factors including the child's level of cognitive functioning, diagnostic overshadowing, and psychiatric comorbidities. Expert multidisciplinary assessment is required in order to understand the underlying aetiology of the child's problems and the nature of any psychopathological processes. Appropriate interventions can then be planned and implemented. Child and adolescent mental health services and commissioners need to ensure that a comprehensive package of services is developed for this group of children as any unassessed and untreated problems are likely to have a significant impact on the quality of the child's life and the lives of family members and carers.

M others living in areas exposed to ongoing military conflict are at higher risk for psychological difficulties, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, than those not living in such areas. The aim of this two-part exploratory study was twofold. The first aim was to examine differences between mothers who grew up under ongoing military conflict in childhood and mothers who did not grow up in affected areas in terms of their levels of differentiation of self and parental self-efficacy (PSE). The second aim was to identify and describe the parenting experiences of mothers who were exposed to military conflict in childhood. In Part 1 of the study, the sample included 120 mothers (half of whom reported on being exposed to ongoing military conflict in childhood). Findings showed that mothers exposed to ongoing military conflict in childhood reported lower levels of differentiation of self and PSE than their counterparts. In Part 2, 10 mothers who were exposed to ongoing military conflict as children were interviewed about their experience as parents and their PSE. Results indicated that the mothers felt their childhood experiences affected their parenting and PSE negatively, resulting in anxiety, difficulty dealing with stress and sometimes posttraumatic symptoms as well as parental patterns of overprotectiveness, separation anxiety and intergenerational transmission of anxiety. The results highlight the consequences of exposure to ongoing military conflict during childhood on levels of differentiation of self and parenting practices.

Pezzi e spezzi Come costruire una famiglia in tre paese-Una storia di migrazione italiana.

RIASSUNTO

« Il migrante è diventato la figura politica del nostro tempo ». Il filosofo americano del movimento, Thomas Nail (2015, 2016), sostiene che la migrazione è la regola, non l’eccezione nella storia umana e che abbiamo bisogno di una nuova psicologia e di una nuova politica del movimento: una kinopsicologia e una kinopolitica. L’emigrazione italiana dalla fondazione dell’Italia moderna è una delle grandi storie del mondo contemporaneo (Sowell, 1996). Non c'è quasi una città in Italia che non abbia inviato i suoi figli nativi in altre terre. E cosa sarebbero città come San Paolo e Buenos Aires senza i loro immigrati italiani? O Montreal, Chicago e New York?

La storia della mia famiglia è solo un esempio specifico delle tante ragioni per cui gli italiani guardavano oltre l’Italia per una vita migliore. Nato in Abruzzo, mio padre si sentiva alienato dalla sua famiglia e dalla sua cultura e cercò rifugio sia nella politica che nell’emigrazione. In parte per colpa sua, in parte per le circostanze, rimase intrappolato nella “ruota della storia” o nella “forza del destino”, per usare la frase di Verdi tratta dall’opera preferita di mio padre, e abbandonò mia madre subito dopo il mio concepimento. Ebbe una breve seconda vita in Venezuela e una vita più lunga con una nuova famiglia in Brasile. Questa è una storia che ho raccontato a puntate – dal mio primo incontro con lui, “Non più estranei: Un terapeuta familiare incontra suo padre” (Di Nicola, 1995), alla mia ultima lettera a lui dopo la sua morte, “Intimi sconosciuti. Episodi passaggi con mio padre” (Di Nicola, 2017).

Come ogni storia di famiglia, i particolari hanno plasmato la mia vita e la mia ricerca per riunire i pezzi e spezzi della mia famiglia è il mio viaggio personale e l’oggetto delle mie indagini come psichiatra infantile, terapeuta familiare e filosofo (Andolfi & Di Nicola, 2004; Di Nicola, 1995a, 1995b, 1997a, 1997b, 2004, 2024). Quando ho incontrato per la prima volta mio padre italiano Giuseppe in Brasile all’età di 41 anni, con il mio Carlo di 10 anni, mi ha chiesto cosa facessi. Gli ho detto che lavoro con bambini e famiglie di culture diverse, in particolare immigrati e persone traumatizzate. « Quindi stai lavorando sul tuo caso », è stato il suo riassunto spiritoso! Eppure il messaggio più potente di quel viaggio non furono le parole del mio primo padre in italiano all’aeroporto di San Paolo, « Perdonami figlio », ma quelle di mia sorella Silvana, che disse di avermi conosciuto fin da quando eravamo bambini e che c’era sempre stato un posto per me alla tavola della mia famiglia in Brasile.

Sono una persona molto fortunata. Avevo i mezzi e la stabilità nella mia vita per trovare il mio posto a quel tavolo e l’ho accettato. Alla fine mi ha portato a un secondo matrimonio con un italo-brasiliana di quinta generazione del Brasile meridionale. La mia fidanzata, Letícia Castagna Lovato, aveva incontrato mio padre, ma quando ci siamo sposati, lui era già morto. Al nostro matrimonio in Porto Alegre, Brasile, ho riunito la mia famiglia italiana da tre paesi (Italia, Canada e Brasile) con la famiglia italo-brasiliana di Letícia. Mia madre Nena e mia figlia Nina Mara dal mio primo matrimonio erano lì, così come tutti i nipoti di mio padre dal Brasile e dall'Italia. Leticia e io abbiamo chiamato nostra figlia Anita Sofia, ispirati da Anita Garibaldi e dal mio amore per la filosofia. E qual è la morale della storia? Puoi credere nel fato e nella forza del destino, come faceva mio padre (e come fa Letícia, che crede che un potere superiore ci abbia fatto incontrare), oppure puoi credere come me che crei il tuo destino attribuendo un significato agli incidenti e ai traumi della tua vita. Questo è il mio.

Parole chiave: migrazione, famiglie, dare senso

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Bits and Pieces: How to Build a Family in Three Countries – A Story of Italian Migration

SUMMARY

“The migrant has become the political figure of our time.” American philosopher of movement, Thomas Nail (2015, 2016), argues that migration is the rule, not the exception in human history and that we need a new psychology and a new politics of movement – a kinopsychology and a kinopolitics. Italian emigration since the founding of modern Italy is one of the great stories of the contemporary world (Sowell, 1996). There is hardly a town in Italy that has not sent out its natives sons to other lands. And what would such cities as São Paulo and Buenos Aires be without their Italian immigrants? Or Montreal, Chicago and New York?

My family story is just one specific instance of the many reasons why Italians looked beyond Italy for a better life. Born in Abruzzo, my father felt alienated from his own family and culture and sought refuge both in politics and in migration. Partly of his own doing, partly due to circumstances, he got caught in the “wheel of history” or “the force of destiny” to use Verdi’s phrase from my father’s favourite opera and abandoned my mother soon after I was conceived. He had a brief second life in Venezuela and a longer one with a new family in Brazil. This is a story I have related in instalments – from my first meeting with him, “Non più estranei: Un terapeuta familiare incontra suo padre” (Di Nicola, 1995), to my last letter to him after his death – “Intimi sconosciuti. Episodici passaggi con mio padre” (Di Nicola, 2017).

Like every family story, the particulars have shaped my life and my search to bring together the bits and pieces of my family is my own personal journey and the subject of my investigations as a child psychiatrist, family therapist, and philosopher (Andolfi & Di Nicola, 2004; Di Nicola, 1995a, 1995b, 1997a, 1997b, 2004, 2024). When I met my Italian father Giuseppe for the first time in Brazil at the age of 41, with my 10-year old Carlo, he asked me what I do. I told him I work with children and families across cultures, especially immigrants and traumatized people. “So you are working on your own case,” was his witty summary! Yet, the most powerful message from that journey was not my father’s first words in Italian at the airport in São Paulo, “Perdonami figlio,” but my sister’s Silvana, who said that she had known about me since we were children and that there had always been a place for me at the table of my family in Brazil.

I am a very fortunate person. I had the means and the stability in my life to find my place at that table and I took it. It eventually led me to a second marriage to a fifth generation Italian Brazilian from southern Brazil. My fiancée, Letícia Castagna Lovato, met my father but by the time we got married, he had passed away. At our wedding, I brought together my own Italian family from three countries – Italy, Canada and Brazil – with Letícia’s Italian Brazilian family. Nena, my mother, and Nina Mara, my daughter from my first marriage, were there as were all of my father’s grandchildren from Brazil and Italy. Letícia and I called our daughter, Anita Sofia, inspired by Anita Garibaldi and my love of philosophy. And what’s the moral of the story? You can believe in fate and the force of destiny, as my father did – and as Letícia does who believes that a higher power brought us together – or you can believe as I do that you make your own destiny by ascribing meaning to the accidents and traumas of your life. This is mine.

Key words: migration, families, making meaning

This longitudinal qualitative study explores experiences and understandings of the mentoring role in the Big Brothers Big Sisters Czech Republic mentoring programme, using a phenomenological approach. In particular, the study explores mentors' initial motivation for volunteering and its impact on mentoring experiences, and the quality and dynamics of developed formal youth mentoring relationships. As such, it explores in detail the characteristics and dynamics of helping processes that do or do not mediate mentoring benefits such as provided social supports to children. In addition, it explores the risks and ethical dilemmas associated with formal youth mentoring involvement. It highlights both the risks of the mentoring role and the characteristics of quality that mediate mentoring benefits. Thus, it illuminates the pathways through which formal mentors do or do not become significant adults for children and young people in formal youth mentoring relationships and interventions. It contributes to theory, research and practice with: 1) a longitudinal qualitative methodology that has not been used before, 2) the use of the theoretical framework of Self-Determination theory that has not been applied in a similar context to date, 3) findings in relation to detailed pathways of helping processes in formal youth mentoring relationships and interventions. The characteristics and dynamics of 1) controlling, and 2) autonomy supportive formal youth mentoring relationships are identified and subsequent recommendations for future research and practice in formal mentoring relationships and interventions are made. vi DECLARATION I, Tereza Brumovská , declare that the thesis entitled Initial Motivation and its Impact of Quality and Dynamics in Formal Youth Mentoring Relationships: Longitudinal Qualitative Study submitted by me for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at NUI Galway is the record of work carried out me during the period from September 2010 to March 2017 under the guidance of Dr. Bernadine Brady and Prof. Pat Dolan and has not formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, or titles in this or any other University or other similar institution of higher learning. GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS YMR -Youth Mentoring Relationship NYMR -Natural Youth Mentoring Relationship FYMR -Formal Youth Mentoring Relationship BBBS CZ -Big Brothers Big Sisters Czech Republic Mentoring Programme SDT -Self-Determination Theory CET -Cognitive-Evaluation Theory BHN -Basic Human Needs Mentor: A volunteer who agrees to engage in a one-to-one supportive relationship with a socially-disadvantaged child and teenager for at least 10 months of regular meetings. A child or a teenager (from 6 to 15-years-old) who is referred to the mentoring programme by professionals in social or health or educational institutions for a one-to-one mentoring relationship that is seen as somehow potentially beneficial for the child and his/her difficulties in coping. A carer/parent of the child referred to the mentoring programme who agrees the child will meet up with a voluntary mentor regularly once a week for at least ten months. A coordinator of the mentoring matches who manages: 1) recruitment, training matching, and regular supervision of voluntary mentors for at least ten months; and 2) referral, matching, and communication on feedback of mentees and parents. Mentoring Relationship: A one-to-one supportive developmental relationship between an older, wiser adult mentor and a younger mentee. The match meets up regularly once a week for at least ten months to spend time in enjoyable activities. The relationship developed is supposed to be supportive for the mentee´s positive development. x Big Brothers Big Sisters CZ: A mentoring programme funded in the Czech Republic, based on BBBS International guidelines and aimed at promoting the virtues of volunteering and civil society Mediator: The term 'mediator' is used in two different ways in the thesis: Firstly, it is used in the literature review relating to the results of quantitative studies to refer to its usage in statistical terminology and methodology. Secondly, it is explained in the theoretical framework of the study that the term 'mediator' is also used in the theoretical approach of L. Vygotsky and his followers. 'Mediator' in the theoretical meaning of developmental psychology of L. Vygotsky is a caring, more experienced significant adult who 'mediates' the experiences of culture and society to the less experienced child. Thus, according to the theory, the meanings of cultural and social symbols are 'mediated' to the child in the quality social interactions developed between children and their carers during childhood and adolescence. This process is called mediation. As a result, mediation facilitates development of higher psychological functions. The term 'mediator' in this theoretical qualitative understanding is used in the theoretical framework, methodological chapter and in the results and discussion chapters in order to explore and explain the pathways though which formal mentors become mediators and informal significant adults for children.

Üreme fonksiyonlarının geliştiği adolesan dönemi, aile planlaması (AP) ve cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalık (CYBH) kavramlarının da gündeme geldiği bir dönemdir. Bu çalışma, Trabzon'da kırsal ve kentsel bölgedeki lise öğrencilerinde Haziran 2001-Aralık 2002 tarihleri arasında yapılmış olup, araştırmanın bu bölümünde adolesanların AP ve CYBH hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin AP bilgi düzeyleri 21 puan ve CYBH bilgi düzeyleri ise 10 puan üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin adını bildikleri AP yöntemleri sorgulandığında en çok "doğum kontrol hapı (%77.4)", "kondom (prezervatif) (%68.7)" ve "rahim içi araç (%56.4)" olarak yanıt vermişlerdir. Kızların AP bilgi düzeyi 8.9±0.2 puan, erkeklerin ise 3.4±0.1 puan olup aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p<0.001). Öğrencilere adlarını bildikleri CYBH sorulduğunda ise, en çok "AIDS (%95.0)" olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Kızların CYBH hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi de (3.3 ± 2.3 puan), erkeklerinkinden (2.3 ± 2.0 puan) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0.001). Sonuç olarak, her iki cinsiyette de AP ve CYBH hakkında bilgi düzeyleri düşük olup, erkekler başta olmak üzere adolesanların, ileride karşılaşabilecekleri sağlık sorunları açısından önemli bir risk taşıdıkları görülmektedir. Bu nedenle adolesan üreme sağlığı programı geliştirilmelidir.

The study of mattering and marginality has received traction in recent years due to its impacts on students' educational attainments. Yet, the majority of these studies have been conducted on K-12 and university students, in advanced countries. Sparse literature exists on teacher trainees in Ghana. Using a case study from teacher training colleges in Volti Zone (Volta and Oti Region) of Ghana, and a quantitative approach, this study delves into the nuanced realm of teacher trainees' perceptions of mattering and marginality within the educational landscape. Focused on understanding the subjective experiences of individuals undergoing teacher training, the research investigates the areas of the college environments to which these aspiring educators perceive their significance in the educational system. The results revealed that generally, teacher trainees perceived high mattering to the six subscales of the college environment except for mattering versus marginality and mattering to tutors, where the students reported high degree of marginalization. By shedding light on these dynamics, the study not only contributes to our understanding of the emotional wellbeing of teacher trainees but also holds implications for the broader discourse on teacher education, informing strategies to enhance the support structures and sense of belonging for those aspiring to shape the future of education.

This article explores adolescence as a critical phase for the formation of emotional and behavioral patterns, integrating neurobiological foundations with the Sequence of Emotional Event Processing (SPEE) model and the theory of the Anatomy of the Soul. Adolescence, marked by neurobiological changes that amplify emotional intensity, favors the consolidation of deep emotional meanings. SPEE describes how significant events generate subjective interpretations that, when not elaborated, interrupt emotional flows and form automatic patterns. The Anatomy of the Soul proposes that Eros, the primordial life drive, manifests in seven essential aspects, and its obstruction gives rise to Thanatos, manifested as su ering or dysfunctional patterns. A clinical case study (pseudonym "Davi") illustrates these dynamics, while the metaphor of the "18,000 km check-up" suggests a reflective pause to prevent automatic repetitions.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between stress and anger of rural and urban adolescents of Chittagong district in Bangladesh. The sample of the study consisted of 120 respondents of whom 60 were male (30 rural and 30 urban) and 60 were female (30 rural and 30 urban). Their age levels were 13 -19. They were selected purposively from different areas of Chittagong district in Bangladesh. Bengali version of Life Stress Scale (Fahim, 2001) was used to measure life stress and Bengali version of Adolescents Anger Rating Scale (AARS) (Islam & Chowdhury, 2011) was used to measure adolescents' anger. The obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test and Pearson product moment correlation. Results revealed that the stress of urban adolescents was greater than rural; the anger of urban adolescents was more than the rural; the stress of female adolescents was more than the male and the anger of female adolescents was more than male. Results also showed that adolescents' stress was positively correlated (r = .86, p < .01) with their anger.

Current technological developments are causing various changes in life, one of which is in the field of work. The change in working conditions from on-site to online is one of the unexpected changes that occurred in the field of work. Students need career adaptability so they can face all the definite and unexpected changes that occur in the work environment. This research aims to determine the picture of career adaptability in students. The method used is a descriptive analysis technique with a quantitative approach. Participants consisted of 120 psychology students from the 2016-2021 class at Bandung Islamic University who were taken using purposive sampling techniques. The measuring tool used is the Career Adaptability Scale-Short Form (CAAS-SF) from Maggiori, Rosier, and Savickas (2017), which was adapted by Panjaitan and Sahrah. The results of this research show that students have a high level of career adaptability.

La salud mental en la adolescencia se ha convertido en una preocupación en los ámbitos educativos y sociales, debido al creciente número de trastornos emocionales que suelen detectarse en esta etapa de la vida. Como objetivo es lograr comprender y analizar, los principales factores que están incluidos en este tema, ya que muchos resultados muestran que el estrés académico, la presión socia y uso excesivo de redes sociales, son las principales causas de este momento critico en el adolescente.

In 2015, the Australia Forum for Sexuality, Education and Health (AFSEH) held its inaugural conference in Sydney on the grounds of Western Sydney University. The conference aimed to increase the public profile of work on equity and justice particularly in relation to contemporary issues of gender, sexuality, health and education and their intersections. Simon Blake, OBE, delivered one of the key note addresses at the conference. Simon is the Chief Executive of the National Union of Students (UK), an organisation which works to shape education and empower individuals with the ultimate goal of contributing to a just and sustainable future. As the former Chief Executive Officer of Brook, the UK's largest young people's sexual health charity, his insight and expertise into the sexual health and education needs of young people is unparalleled. In his earlier role as Assistant Director of Children's Development and Director of the Sex Education Forum at the National Children's Bureau in England, Simon built collaborations across education, health and social care that provide excellent models as well as inspiration and direction for those working in similar fields internationally. Simon possesses real-world insight and strategic experience in forging alliances, promoting equity and bringing about change. Editor-in-chief of Sex Education, Professor Peter Aggleton, interviewed Simon about his understandings of sex and relationships education and the shifting policy landscape. It is no longer a matter of whether adults should provide sex and relationships education for all children and young people, but rather, how adults should focus on building knowledge and understanding in terms of what makes a positive educational experience for children and youth, and what kinds of innovative approaches can be implemented to ensure the needs of all children and young people are addressed. What follows is an excerpt from this conversation. Peter: I'm so pleased that you could present the keynote address for the AFSEH conference this morning. As we know all too well, sex and relationships education -SRE -has long been a contested area of the school curriculum. I think that many of us agree that this is unnecessarily so. Why do you think this is the case and what might we achieve through SRE?

Education is a crucial factor in everyone's growth. Everything from tiny organisms up to the mightiest creatures utilizes the powerful benefits of learning. As such, people can devote their whole lives to learning about diverse topics endlessly, encompassing both academic subjects and practical knowledge gained from everyday experiences. This study highlights the advantages of teaching graphic design software to children with general autism. It can also help teachers and parents explore new methods of teaching vital things to those with certain disabilities. This method of applying design program in teaching autism children can be explored by schools and implemented in a special class, or even in a regular curriculum specifically for those with unique needs. It can also be useful for those without special needs, as it promotes a more active and creative learning environment for all children. This research conducted qualitative research through interviews with 10 special needs teachers within schools in Taif City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), along with 10 parents of children with autism. Recently, KSA educational institutions have attempted to further understand those with autism and explore opportunities to make their lives easier in terms of education. This study focuses on enhancing opportunities for children with autism by highlighting their own abilities, preferences, and interests in graphic design programs. It also helps to further shape future development plans and policies to support autistic children more effectively.

Media! The strongest player of 21st century is bombarding information 24 X 7 through various means like advertisements, smart phones, social networking sites, television etc. It has become a part of our life or it can be said that it is an integral part of our lifestyle in which we cannot segregate ourselves from it. Undoubtedly we have greatly benefitted from media. But on the other side, it has its side effects too. It has both positive and negative impact on to the individuals all around the world especially 'women'. The purpose of the paper is to review the published work of researchers to highlight the role of media in portraying women as an unrealistic thn ideal image amongst the society through various means and its impact on to the body image and clothing preferences of women. Media is projectts WOmen as a beautifying object. This unrealistic projected image by e indoctrinates women's mind both positively and negatively but that a person has of their physical self and the thoughts and feelings that negatively, which affects their body image. Body Image is the perception result from that perception. This perception is always changing in response to the environment and its social cues. When a person attempts to negotiate his or her own body in comparison with an ideal body presented in cultural image. Negative body image leads to body dissatisfaction, a p p e a r a n e products, there are often many discrepancies that leads to n e g a t i v e bodv comparisons, negative mood and low self-esteem which has its